PEER-TO-PEER REASONING FOR INTERLINKED ONTOLOGIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE SCHLICHT ◽  
HEINER STUCKENSCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Distributed Query Processing ◽  
Distributed Reasoning ◽  
Distributed Query ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Logic Reasoning ◽  
The Web

The Semantic Web is commonly perceived as a web of partially-interlinked machine readable data. This data is inherently distributed and resembles the structure of the web in terms of resources being provided by different parties at different physical locations. A number of infrastructures for storing and querying distributed semantic web data, primarily encoded in RDF have been developed. While there are first attempts for integrating RDF Schema reasoning into distributed query processing, almost all the work on description logic reasoning as a basis for implementing inference in the Web Ontology Language OWL still assumes a centralized approach where the complete terminology has to be present on a single system and all inference steps are carried out on this system. We have designed and implemented a distributed reasoning method that preserves soundness and completeness of reasoning under the original OWL import semantics and has beneficial properties regarding parallel computation and overhead caused by communication effort and additional derivations. The method is based on sound and complete resolution methods for the description logic [Formula: see text] that we modify to work in a distributed setting.

Rule-Based OWL Ontology Reasoning Systems

2010 ◽  
pp. 124-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Meditskos ◽  
Nick Bassiliades
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Rule Engine ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Open Nature ◽  
The Web

This chapter is focused on the basic principles behind the utilization of rules in order to perform reasoning about the Web Ontology Language (OWL), a Description Logic-based language that is the W3C recommendation for creating and sharing ontologies in the Semantic Web. More precisely, we elaborate on the entailment-based OWL reasoning (EBOR) paradigm, which is based on the utilization of RDF/ RDFS and OWL entailment rules that run on a rule engine, applying the formal semantics of the ontology language. To this end, seven EBOR systems are described and compared, analyzing the different approaches. Despite the closed rule environment, which comes in contrast with the open nature of the Semantic Web, and the fact that OWL semantics are partially mapped into rules, the rule-based OWL reasoning paradigm can give great potentials in the Semantic Web, enabling the utilization of rule engines on top of ontology information.

scholarly journals Pay-As-You-Go Description Logic Reasoning by Coupling Tableau and Saturation Procedures

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 535-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Steigmiller ◽  
Birte Glimm
Keyword(s):  
Description Logic ◽  
Description Logics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Specific Description ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Logic Reasoning ◽  
The Web

Nowadays, saturation-based reasoners for the OWL EL profile of the Web Ontology Language are able to handle large ontologies such as SNOMED very efficiently. However, it is currently unclear how saturation-based reasoning procedures can be extended to very expressive Description Logics such as SROIQ--the logical underpinning of the current and second iteration of the Web Ontology Language. Tableau-based procedures, on the other hand, are not limited to specific Description Logic languages or OWL profiles, but even highly optimised tableau-based reasoners might not be efficient enough to handle large ontologies such as SNOMED. In this paper, we present an approach for tightly coupling tableau- and saturation-based procedures that we implement in the OWL DL reasoner Konclude. Our detailed evaluation shows that this combination significantly improves the reasoning performance for a wide range of ontologies.

Ontology of Card Sleights

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Aaron Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Description Logic ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Basic Formal Ontology ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
The Web

We present a machine-readable movement writing for sleightof-hand moves with cards - a "Labanotation of card magic." This scheme of movement writing contains 440 categories of motion, and appears to taxonomize all card sleights that have appeared in over 1500 publications. The movement writing is axiomatized in SROIQ(D) Description Logic, and collected formally as an Ontology of Card Sleights, a computational ontology that extends the Basic Formal Ontology and the Information Artifact Ontology. The Ontology of Card Sleights is implemented in OWL DL, a Description Logic fragment of the Web Ontology Language. While ontologies have historically been used to classify at a less granular level, the algorithmic nature of card tricks allows us to transcribe a performer's actions step by step. We conclude by discussing design criteria we have used to ensure the ontology can be accessed and modified with a simple click-and-drag interface. This may allow database searches and performance transcriptions by users with card magic knowledge, but no ontology background.

Semantic Web Rule Languages for Geospatial Ontologies

2011 ◽  
pp. 648-669
Author(s):  
Philip D. Smart ◽  
Alia I. Abdelmoty ◽  
Baher A. El-Geresy ◽  
Christopher B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Rule Languages ◽  
Sample Application ◽  
Representation Language ◽  
Representational Approach ◽  
Geospatial Ontologies

Geospatial ontologies have a key role to play in the development of the geospatial-Semantic Web, with regard to facilitating the search for geographical information and resources. They normally hold large volumes of geographic information and undergo a continuous process of revision and update. Limitations of the OWL ontology representation language for supporting geospatial domains are discussed and an integrated rule and ontology language is recognized as needed to support the representation and reasoning requirements in this domain. A survey of the current approaches to integrating ontologies and rules is presented and a new framework is proposed that is based on and extends Description Logic Programs. A hybrid representational approach is adopted where the logical component of the framework is used to represent geographical concepts and spatial rules and an external computational geometry processor is used for storing and manipulating the associated geometric data. A sample application is used to demonstrate the proposed language and engine and how they address the identified challenges.

Semantic Web Rule Languages for Geospatial Ontologies

2010 ◽  
pp. 149-169
Author(s):  
Philip D. Smart ◽  
Alia Abdelmoty ◽  
Baher A. El-Geresy
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Rule Languages ◽  
Sample Application ◽  
Representation Language ◽  
Representational Approach ◽  
Geospatial Ontologies

Geospatial ontologies have a key role to play in the development of the geospatial-Semantic Web, with regard to facilitating the search for geographical information and resources. They normally hold large volumes of geographic information and undergo a continuous process of revision and update. Limitations of the OWL ontology representation language for supporting geospatial domains are discussed and an integrated rule and ontology language is recognized as needed to support the representation and reasoning requirements in this domain. A survey of the current approaches to integrating ontologies and rules is presented and a new framework is proposed that is based on and extends Description Logic Programs. A hybrid representational approach is adopted where the logical component of the framework is used to represent geographical concepts and spatial rules and an external computational geometry processor is used for storing and manipulating the associated geometric data. A sample application is used to demonstrate the proposed language and engine and how they address the identified challenges.

scholarly journals Overview and Utilization of the NCI Thesaurus

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Fragoso ◽  
Sherri de Coronado ◽  
Margaret Haber ◽  
Frank Hartel ◽  
Larry Wright
Keyword(s):  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
File Formats ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Web

The NCI Thesaurus is a reference terminology covering areas of basic and clinical science, built with the goal of facilitating translational research in cancer. It contains nearly 110 000 terms in approximately 36000 concepts, partitioned in 20 subdomains, which include diseases, drugs, anatomy, genes, gene products, techniques, and biological processes, among others, all with a cancer-centric focus in content, and originally designed to support coding activities across the National Cancer Institute. Each concept represents a unit of meaning and contains a number of annotations, such as synonyms and preferred name, as well as annotations such as textual definitions and optional references to external authorities. In addition, concepts are modelled with description logic (DL) and defined by their relationships to other concepts; there are currently approximately 90 types of named relations declared in the terminology. The NCI Thesaurus is produced by the Enterprise Vocabulary Services project, a collaborative effort between the NCI Center for Bioinformatics and the NCI Office of Communications, and is part of the caCORE infrastructure stack (http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/NCICB/core). It can be accessed programmatically through the open caBIO API and browsed via the web (http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov). A history of editing changes is also accessible through the API. In addition, the Thesaurus is available for download in various file formats, including OWL, the web ontology language, to facilitate its utilization by others.

The Study of Ontology Reasoning to Semantic Web

2011 ◽  
Vol 181-182 ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Xian Yi Cheng ◽  
Ai Qin Yang ◽  
Xue Yun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Ontology Construction ◽  
Semantic Reasoning ◽  
Ontology Reasoning ◽  
Knowledge Reasoning ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Knowledge Expression

The next generation Web, Semantic Web, has recently been drawn considerable attention from both academia and industry. The ontology is regarded as the cornerstone of the Semantic Web, is playing an important role with the knowledge expression and knowledge reasoning. Ontology language, Description Logic and the relationships of them were presented. This paper analyzes the principle of semantic reasoning about DL and reasoning machine. Finally, performers testify the practical reasoning task about a concrete Ontology construction.

scholarly journals Decentralized case-based reasoning and Semantic Web technologies applied to decision support in oncology

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu d'Aquin ◽  
Jean Lieber ◽  
Amedeo Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Semantic Web Technologies ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Concept Classification ◽  
Case Based

AbstractThis article presents the Kasimir system dedicated to decision knowledge management in oncology and which is built on top of Semantic Web technologies, taking benefit from standard knowledge representation formalisms and open reasoning tools. The representation of medical decision protocols, in particular for breast cancer treatment, is based on concepts and instances implemented within the description logic OWL DL (Web ontology language description logic). The knowledge units related to a protocol can then be applied for solving specific medical problems, using instance or concept classification. However, the straight application of a protocol is not always satisfactory, for example, because of contraindications, necessitating an adaptation of the protocol. This is why the principles and methods of case-based reasoning (CBR) in the framework of DLs have been used. In addition, the domain of oncology is complex and involves several specialties, for example, surgery and chemotherapy. This complexity can be better undertaken with a viewpoint-based representation of protocols and viewpoint-based reasoning, for either application or adaptation of the protocols. Accordingly, a distributed DL has been used for representing a viewpoint-based protocol. The application and the adaptation of the viewpoint-based protocol to medical cases is carried out using global instance classification and decentralized CBR.

scholarly journals Digital cultural heritage standards: from silo to semantic web

AI & Society ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda O’Neill ◽  
Larry Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Institutional Knowledge ◽  
Digital Cultural Heritage ◽  
Machine Readable

AbstractThis paper is a survey of standards being used in the domain of digital cultural heritage with focus on the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) created by the Library of Congress in the United States of America. The process of digitization of cultural heritage requires silo breaking in a number of areas—one area is that of academic disciplines to enable the performance of rich interdisciplinary work. This lays the foundation for the emancipation of the second form of silo which are the silos of knowledge, both traditional and born digital, held in individual institutions, such as galleries, libraries, archives and museums. Disciplinary silo breaking is the key to unlocking these institutional knowledge silos. Interdisciplinary teams, such as developers and librarians, work together to make the data accessible as open data on the “semantic web”. Description logic is the area of mathematics which underpins many ontology building applications today. Creating these ontologies requires a human–machine symbiosis. Currently in the cultural heritage domain, the institutions’ role is that of provider of this  open data to the national aggregator which in turn can make the data available to the trans-European aggregator known as Europeana. Current ingests to the aggregators are in the form of machine readable cataloguing metadata which is limited in the richness it provides to disparate object descriptions. METS can provide this richness.

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