scholarly journals Digital cultural heritage standards: from silo to semantic web

AI & Society ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda O’Neill ◽  
Larry Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Institutional Knowledge ◽  
Digital Cultural Heritage ◽  
Machine Readable

AbstractThis paper is a survey of standards being used in the domain of digital cultural heritage with focus on the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) created by the Library of Congress in the United States of America. The process of digitization of cultural heritage requires silo breaking in a number of areas—one area is that of academic disciplines to enable the performance of rich interdisciplinary work. This lays the foundation for the emancipation of the second form of silo which are the silos of knowledge, both traditional and born digital, held in individual institutions, such as galleries, libraries, archives and museums. Disciplinary silo breaking is the key to unlocking these institutional knowledge silos. Interdisciplinary teams, such as developers and librarians, work together to make the data accessible as open data on the “semantic web”. Description logic is the area of mathematics which underpins many ontology building applications today. Creating these ontologies requires a human–machine symbiosis. Currently in the cultural heritage domain, the institutions’ role is that of provider of this  open data to the national aggregator which in turn can make the data available to the trans-European aggregator known as Europeana. Current ingests to the aggregators are in the form of machine readable cataloguing metadata which is limited in the richness it provides to disparate object descriptions. METS can provide this richness.

scholarly journals A Survey of Geospatial Semantic Web for Cultural Heritage

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1471-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikrom Nishanbaev ◽  
Erik Champion ◽  
David A. McMeekin
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Digital Cultural Heritage ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Resource Description

The amount of digital cultural heritage data produced by cultural heritage institutions is growing rapidly. Digital cultural heritage repositories have therefore become an efficient and effective way to disseminate and exploit digital cultural heritage data. However, many digital cultural heritage repositories worldwide share technical challenges such as data integration and interoperability among national and regional digital cultural heritage repositories. The result is dispersed and poorly-linked cultured heritage data, backed by non-standardized search interfaces, which thwart users’ attempts to contextualize information from distributed repositories. A recently introduced geospatial semantic web is being adopted by a great many new and existing digital cultural heritage repositories to overcome these challenges. However, no one has yet conducted a conceptual survey of the geospatial semantic web concepts for a cultural heritage audience. A conceptual survey of these concepts pertinent to the cultural heritage field is, therefore, needed. Such a survey equips cultural heritage professionals and practitioners with an overview of all the necessary tools, and free and open source semantic web and geospatial semantic web platforms that can be used to implement geospatial semantic web-based cultural heritage repositories. Hence, this article surveys the state-of-the-art geospatial semantic web concepts, which are pertinent to the cultural heritage field. It then proposes a framework to turn geospatial cultural heritage data into machine-readable and processable resource description framework (RDF) data to use in the geospatial semantic web, with a case study to demonstrate its applicability. Furthermore, it outlines key free and open source semantic web and geospatial semantic platforms for cultural heritage institutions. In addition, it examines leading cultural heritage projects employing the geospatial semantic web. Finally, the article discusses attributes of the geospatial semantic web that require more attention, that can result in generating new ideas and research questions for both the geospatial semantic web and cultural heritage fields.

scholarly journals TULIP: A Five-Star Table and List - From Machine-Readable to Machine-Understandable Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julthep Nandakwang ◽  
Prabhas Chongstitvatana
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Original Form ◽  
New Information ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Machine Readable

Currently, Linked Data is increasing at a rapid rate as the growth of the Web. Aside from new information that has been created exclusively as Semantic Web-ready, part of them comes from the transformation of existing structural data to be in the form of five-star open data. However, there are still many legacy data in structured and semi-structured form, for example, tables and lists, which are the principal format for human-readable, waiting for transformation. In this chapter, we discuss attempts in the research area to transform table and list data to make them machine-readable in various formats. Furthermore, our research proposes a novel method for transforming tables and lists into RDF format while maintaining their essential configurations thoroughly. And, it is possible to recreate their original form back informatively. We introduce a system named TULIP which embodied this conversion method as a tool for the future development of the Semantic Web. Our method is more flexible compared to other works. The TULIP data model contains complete information of the source; hence it can be projected into different views. This tool can be used to create a tremendous amount of data for the machine to be used at a broader scale.

Linked Metadata and New Discoveries

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julienne Pascoe
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Linked Open Data ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Heritage Collections

This article examines the opportunities and challenges surrounding the creation and use of linked open data (LOD) for cultural heritage resources in libraries, archives, and museums. With a specific focus on the metadata projects at Canadiana.org, this article explores LOD principles and strategies for implementation within the context of cultural heritage collections, highlighting the significance of the Semantic Web for research and engagement with cultural heritage resources across disciplines and communities.

Trends in digital cultural heritage in Japan, 1980-2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Norio Togiya
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Tablet Devices ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Digital Cultural Heritage ◽  
The World

In Japan, many different organisations have played a part in creating the digital content that we now see being shared on the internet. Starting in the 1980s, developments in digital cultural heritage took place mainly in five kinds of institution: museums, libraries, archives, university and research institutes, plus the world of business. Museums and libraries played a leading role in the 1980s, and they were joined in the 1990s by universities and commercial enterprises, which developed digital content in a variety of ways. In the 2000s archival institutions became involved, and museums, libraries and archives began to form networks to enable seamless retrieval of digital cultural heritage. In the 2010s, the focus moved to the sharing of data and specifically the need to establish a common approach for the exchange of metadata for the ‘Semantic Web’. Creating content for tablet devices also became important, as did the question of standardising technology. The Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 brought a keen awareness of the need to create digital records to preserve and share memories of disasters.

scholarly journals A Web GIS-Based Integration of 3D Digital Models with Linked Open Data for Cultural Heritage Exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Ikrom Nishanbaev ◽  
Erik Champion ◽  
David A. McMeekin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Linked Open Data ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Digital Cultural Heritage ◽  
Interactive Map

In recent years, considerable efforts have been made by cultural heritage institutions across the globe to digitise cultural heritage sites, artifacts, historical maps, etc. for digital preservation and online representation. On the other hand, ample research projects and studies have been published that demonstrate the great capabilities of web-geographic information systems (web-GIS) for the dissemination and online representation of cultural heritage data. However, cultural heritage data and the associated metadata produced by many cultural heritage institutions are heterogeneous. To make this heterogeneous data more interoperable and structured, an ever-growing number of cultural heritage institutions are adopting linked data principles. Although the cultural heritage domain has already started implementing linked open data concepts to the cultural heritage data, there are not many research articles that present an easy-to-implement, free, and open-source-based web-GIS architecture that integrates 3D digital cultural heritage models with cloud computing and linked open data. Furthermore, the integration of web-GIS technologies with 3D web-based visualisation and linked open data may offer new dimensions of interaction and exploration of digital cultural heritage. To demonstrate the high potential of integration of these technologies, this study presents a novel cloud architecture that attempts to enhance digital cultural heritage exploration by integrating 3D digital cultural heritage models with linked open data from DBpedia and GeoNames platforms using web-GIS technologies. More specifically, a digital interactive map, 3D digital cultural heritage models, and linked open data from DBpedia and GeoNames platforms were integrated into a cloud-based web-GIS architecture. Thus, the users of the architecture can easily interact with the digital map, visualise 3D digital cultural heritage models, and explore linked open data from GeoNames and DBpedia platforms, which offer additional information and context related to the selected cultural heritage site as well as external web resources. The architecture was validated by applying it to specific case studies of Australian cultural heritage and seeking expert feedback on the system, its benefits, and scope for improvement in the near future.

Linking Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Linked Open Data ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Heterogeneous Knowledge

The growth and population of the Semantic Web, especially the Linked Open Data (LOD) Cloud, has brought to the fore the challenges of ordering knowledge for data mining on an unprecedented scale. The LOD Cloud is structured from billions of elements of knowledge and pointers to knowledge organization systems (KOSs) such as ontologies, taxonomies, typologies, thesauri, etc. The variant and heterogeneous knowledge areas that comprise the social sciences and humanities (SSH), including cultural heritage applications are bringing multi-dimensional richness to the LOD Cloud. Each such application arrives with its own challenges regarding KOSs in the Cloud. With contributions by Sören Auer, Gerard Coen, Kathleen Gregory, Mohamad Yaser Jaradeh, Daniel Martínez Ávila, Philipp Mayr, Allard Oelen, Cristina Pattuelli, Tobias Renwick, Andrea Scharnhorst, Ronald Siebes, Aida Slavic, Richard P Smiraglia, Markus Stocker, Rick Szostak, Marnix van Berchum, Charles van den Heuvel, J. Bradford Young, Veruska Zamborlini and Marcia Zeng.

PEER-TO-PEER REASONING FOR INTERLINKED ONTOLOGIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE SCHLICHT ◽  
HEINER STUCKENSCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Distributed Query Processing ◽  
Distributed Reasoning ◽  
Distributed Query ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Logic Reasoning ◽  
The Web

The Semantic Web is commonly perceived as a web of partially-interlinked machine readable data. This data is inherently distributed and resembles the structure of the web in terms of resources being provided by different parties at different physical locations. A number of infrastructures for storing and querying distributed semantic web data, primarily encoded in RDF have been developed. While there are first attempts for integrating RDF Schema reasoning into distributed query processing, almost all the work on description logic reasoning as a basis for implementing inference in the Web Ontology Language OWL still assumes a centralized approach where the complete terminology has to be present on a single system and all inference steps are carried out on this system. We have designed and implemented a distributed reasoning method that preserves soundness and completeness of reasoning under the original OWL import semantics and has beneficial properties regarding parallel computation and overhead caused by communication effort and additional derivations. The method is based on sound and complete resolution methods for the description logic [Formula: see text] that we modify to work in a distributed setting.

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