BUSINESS RESTORATION RELATED TO LIFELINE AFTER TSUNAMI DISASTER

2010 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASUKO KUWATA ◽  
SHIRO TAKADA
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Damage Estimation ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Survey Results

This paper proposes a method to evaluate functionality of a business after a tsunami disaster. This method has several modules such as damage estimation of business base (building, equipments, and lifeline) caused by tsunami hazard, restoration ratio-to-time model for business base, and the functionality of the business introduced by facility restoration and its influence to the business. As a case study, the tsunami impact to industries and its subsequent restoration process were studied based on an interview survey in southern Sri Lanka after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, and the survey results were applied to the proposed model. Results of application showed that buildings and equipments were slowly restored when they were extensively damaged or flooded. Further, the business restoration depends more heavily on the business facilities restoration than the lifeline restoration, when the business facilities are flooded with tsunami inundation higher than 1 m.

scholarly journals Case study: mapping the tsunami-hazard zone in the Pasir Jambak sub-district, in Padang, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Leli Honesti ◽  
Meli Muchlian
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Nested Grid ◽  
Inundation Map ◽  
Run Up

A tsunami hazard is an adverse event that causes damage to properties and loss of life. The problem in assessing a tsunami risk zone for a small area is significant, as available tsunami inundation zone data does not give detailed information for tsunami inundation and run-up in every nested grid. Hence, this study aims to establish a tsunami risk map in the Pasir Jambak sub-district, Padang, Indonesia. The map was carried out in every nested grid point of the area and on a large scale (1:5,000). The TUNAMI N3 program was used for the simulation of the tsunami inundation. A tsunami assessment was made through simulations in nine scenarios of fault parameter data for Sipora block earthquakes. The result of the study provides a tsunami inundation map. Furthermore, this tsunami inundation map can be used for communities, local authorities, government, and others for many studies, and decision-makers can come up with mitigation plans for a small study area.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Tsunami Hazard Modeling in Gunungkidul Coastal Area using UAV Photogrammetry and GIS. Case Study: Drini Coastal Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 09005
Author(s):  
Muh Aris Marfai ◽  
Hendy Fatchurohman ◽  
Ahmad Cahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Elements At Risk

In recent years, Tourism activities in Gunungkidul Coastal Area rapidly increased. A large number of tourists visiting the coast considered as elements at risk that are exposed to tsunami hazards. Disaster infrastructures provided by the government e.g. hazard maps, evacuation routes, and locations for assembly points are inadequate. The tsunami inundation models provided by the government are based on national topographic maps (RBI), resulting in inaccurate models. DEM generation using UAV Photogrammetry produces high spatial resolution data that results in more accurate tsunami inundation model. The results of the model using UAV photogrammetry are also capable of producing several inundation scenarios and determine the safe areas that can be used for temporary evacuation sites. The use of UAV photogrammetry for tsunami inundation models provides many advantages including low cost and accurate model results. Evaluation of hazard maps and assembly points using UAV Photogrammetry modeling lead to more effective and less time-consuming on the evacuation process.

Development and Validation of a Tsunami Numerical Model with the Polygonally Nested Grid System and its MPI-Parallelization for Real-Time Tsunami Inundation Forecast on a Regional Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Inoue ◽  
Takashi Abe ◽  
Shunichi Koshimura ◽  
Akihiro Musa ◽  
Yoichi Murashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Damage Estimation ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Tsunami Damage ◽  
Rti Model

We have developed a new numerical model suitable for rapid and wide-area estimation of tsunami inundation and damage. The model is based on the world-renowned TUNAMI code solving the two-dimensional nonlinear shallow water equations, and enables one-stop simulation of the initial tsunami distribution based on a fault model, tsunami propagation and inundation, and damage estimation. It extends the configuration of the grid system from conventional rectangular regions to polygonal regions so that deployment of high-resolution grids can be confined to the coastal lowland, resulting in remarkably improved efficiency in computation and better precision. For the purpose of real-time implementation of tsunami inundation simulation using a high-performance computing infrastructure, vectorization and MPI parallelization have also been conducted. Moreover, the model was verified and validated through several benchmark problems that the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, organized by federal agencies and states in the U.S., developed as the quality standards for simulating and assessing tsunami hazard and risk. The newly-developed model is named “Real-time Tsunami inundation (RTi) model,” and its computational performance was examined using the SX-ACE, a vector supercomputer installed at Tohoku University. The results show that it requires only 128 cores of the SX-ACE for implementing six-hour tsunami inundation simulation with a 10-meter grid resolution within 10 minutes for the 700 km long coastline of Kochi Prefecture, Japan. This means that the RTi model is over 10 times more efficient as the conventional tsunami model with the rectangular domains, and it can be inferred that 2,451 cores of the SX-ACE are the overall computational resources needed for real-time tsunami inundation forecast on the whole coastal regions along the Nankai Trough subduction zone, corresponding to the computational performance of 170 Tflop/s. The resources required are equivalent to 24% of all the SX-ACE resources at Tohoku University, indicating the feasibility of real-time tsunami inundation forecast on a regional scale by using the RTi model. Since the Disaster Information System operated by the Cabinet Office of the Japanese Government adopted a function of tsunami damage estimation using the aforementioned numerical model, at the end of this paper, a brief overview of the subsystem for rapidly estimating tsunami damage on a regional scale is described.

scholarly journals Exposures of Building and Population to Tsunami Hazard in Pangandaran Beach, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
Martha Alvianingsih ◽  
Willy Ivander Pradipta ◽  
Intan Hayatiningsih ◽  
Nuraini Rahma Hanifa
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Intraplate Earthquake ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
The Government

Abstract Pangandaran and Pananjung villages are located in the southern coast of Java Island, prone to tsunami hazard originating from a megathrust earthquake off south of Java Island. Those villages experience a tsunami earthquake on 2006 from an M7.8 earthquake. The National Center for Earthquake Studies released a map of the sources and hazards of Indonesia’s earthquake in 2017 with a potential earthquake of magnitude 8.7-9.2 in the megathrust of Java Island. This research aims to estimate the potential number of buildings and the population affected by tsunami inundation from two scenario; first scenario is based on historical event of a M7.8 intraplate earthquake, and second scenario is based on a plausible M8.7 intraplate earthquake. The first scenario tsunami modeling resulted an inundation of 108.606 ha, while in the second scenario estimate an 867.351 ha of inundation area. Building data is obtained by digitizing aerial photographs taken in November 2021. The calculation of potential affected buildings is carried out by overlaying the tsunami inundation data with the existing building data in the study area. Meanwhile, the population data used is obtained from the local government in 2021. To obtain the number of the affected population, population distribution is first carried out in each class of land cover, overlaid with the tsunami inundation data. The estimated number of buildings and population affected by scenario 1 and 2 in Pangandaran Village is 1,040 buildings along with 2,765 people, and 4,216 buildings with 11,209 people respectively. While in Pananjung Village, it is estimated a total of 149 buildings with 350 people affected, and 4,039 buildings with 9,493 people affected respectively. This indicate that scenario 2 impact is potentially 4 times greater than scenario 1 in Pangandaran village, and 27 times greater in Pananjung village, implying a different strategy of tsunami risk reduction should be taken to save more lives. The results of this study can be used as a basis for policymaking by the government in carrying out a more effective tsunami disaster mitigation efforts in Pangandaran and Pananjung Villages. This study also calls for reevaluation of coastal villages tsunami risk based on each plausible scenario.

Cyber crimes in the banking sector: Case study of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Thanh Tam ◽  
Nguyen Minh Chau ◽  
Pham Ngoc Mai ◽  
Ngo Ha Phuong ◽  
Vu Khanh Huyen Tran
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Cyber Crimes

The technological revolution 4.0 brings great opportunities, but also cybercrimes to economic sectors, especially to banks. Using secondary data and survey results of 305 bank clients, the main findings of this paper are: (i) there are several types of cybercrimes in the banking sector; (ii) Vietnam is one of the top countries worldwide having hackers and being attacked by hackers, especially the banking sector. Three most common attacks are skimming, hacking and phishing. Number of cybercrime attacks in Vietnam are increasing rapidly over years; (iii) Vietnamese customers are very vulnerable to cybercrime in banking, as more than 58% seem to hear about cybercrimes, and how banks provide services to let them know about their transactions. However, more than 50% do not have any deep knowledge or any measures for preventing cybercrime; (iii) Customers believe in banks, but do not think that banks can deal with cybercrime issues well. They still feel traditional transactions are more secure than e-transactions; (iv) the reasons for high cybercrimes come from commercial banks (low management and human capacity), supporting environment (inadequate), legal framework (not yet strong and strict enough on cybercrimes), and clients (low level of financial literacy). Therefore, several solutions should be carried out, from all stakeholders, for improving the cybersecurity in Vietnamese banks. 

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CASE STUDY OF 2012 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKES ON THAILAND’S

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household, and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that disaster related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness. In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.

TSUNAMI ACEH 2004 SEBAGAI DASAR PENATAAN RUANG KOTA MEULABOH

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisyanto Wisyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tsunami Mitigation ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
The Impact

Tsunami which was generated by the 2004 Aceh eartquake has beenhaunting our life. The building damage due to the tsunami could be seenthroughout Meulaboh Coastal Area. Appearing of the physical loss wasclose to our fault. It was caused by the use dan plan of the land withoutconsidering a tsunami disaster threat. Learning from that event, we haveconducted a research on the pattern of damage that caused by the 2004tsunami. Based on the analysis of tsunami hazard intensity and thepattern of building damage, it has been made a landuse planning whichbased on tsunami mitigation for Meulaboh. Tsunami mitigation-based ofMeulaboh landuse planning was made by intergrating some aspects, suchas tsunami protection using pandanus greenbelt, embankment along withhigh plants and also arranging the direction of roads and setting of building forming a rhombus-shaped. The rhombus-shaped of setting of the road and building would reduce the impact of tsunamic wave. It is expected that these all comprehensive landuse planning will minimize potential losses in the future .

Contentious Rituals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Good Friday ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Identity Expression

Why do people participate in controversial symbolic events that drive wedges between groups and occasionally spark violence? This book examines this question through an in-depth case study of Northern Ireland. Protestant organizations perform over 2,500 parades across Northern Ireland each year. Protestants tend to see the parades as festive occasions that celebrate Protestant history and culture. Catholics, however, tend to see them as hateful, intimidating, and triumphalist. As a result, parades have been a major source of conflict in the years since the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement. This book examines why, given the often negative consequences, people choose to participate in these parades. Drawing on theories from the study of contentious politics and the study of ritual, the book argues that paraders are more interested in the benefits intrinsic to participation in a communal ritual than the external consequences of their action. The book presents analysis of original quantitative and qualitative data to support this argument and to test it against prominent alternative explanations. Interview, survey, and ethnographic data are also used to explore issues central to parade participation, including identity expression, commemoration, tradition, the pleasures of participation, and communicating a message to outside audiences. The book additionally examines a paradox at the center of parading: while most observers see parades as political events, the participants do not. Altogether, the book offers a new perspective on politics and culture in the aftermath of ethnic violence.

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