Understanding the influencing factors of porous cathode contributions to the impedance of a sodium–nickel chloride (ZEBRA) battery

2020 ◽  
pp. 2141002
Author(s):  
Yingying Hu ◽  
Wenping Zha ◽  
Yanpei Li ◽  
Xiangwei Wu ◽  
Zhaoyin Wen
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Material Interface ◽  
Porous Cathode

Molten-sodium beta-alumina batteries including sodium–sulfur (NAS) and sodium-metal chloride (ZEBRA) batteries have been considered as promising candidates for reliable low-cost stationary energy storage devices. The structural parameters of the porous cathode wetted by NaAlCl4 have been proved to be one of the important reasons for the degradation of ZEBRA batteries. Herein, the influencing factors of porous cathode on the impedance of Na–NiCl2 battery are investigated in detail. The interface between the NaAlCl4 catholyte and Ni/NaCl cathode material and the ratio of the conductive components in the cathode are discussed in this paper. Based on the wettability results of each component of the cathode material at different porosities and temperatures, the wetting behavior between NaAlCl4 and the porous cathode is summarized. Both the porosity and metal ratio of the cathode need to be considered in order to achieve the optimal catholyte/cathode material interface and minimum operating impedance. The proposed cathode parameters are porosity greater than 24% and conductive component ratio of 1.5 at NaAlCl4 ratio of 1.75. This work provides a quantitative guidance and deep understanding for the material design of ZEBRA battery cathodes.

scholarly journals DFT-Guided Design and Fabrication of Carbon-Nitride-Based Materials for Energy Storage Devices: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Adekoya ◽  
Shangshu Qian ◽  
Xingxing Gu ◽  
William Wen ◽  
Dongsheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Design Synthesis

Abstract Carbon nitrides (including CN, C2N, C3N, C3N4, C4N, and C5N) are a unique family of nitrogen-rich carbon materials with multiple beneficial properties in crystalline structures, morphologies, and electronic configurations. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review on these materials properties, theoretical advantages, the synthesis and modification strategies of different carbon nitride-based materials (CNBMs) and their application in existing and emerging rechargeable battery systems, such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium and potassium-ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, lithium oxygen batteries, lithium metal batteries, zinc-ion batteries, and solid-state batteries. The central theme of this review is to apply the theoretical and computational design to guide the experimental synthesis of CNBMs for energy storage, i.e., facilitate the application of first-principle studies and density functional theory for electrode material design, synthesis, and characterization of different CNBMs for the aforementioned rechargeable batteries. At last, we conclude with the challenges, and prospects of CNBMs, and propose future perspectives and strategies for further advancement of CNBMs for rechargeable batteries.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Microstructure of Magnetorheological Fluid

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Ji ◽  
Yiping Luo ◽  
Hongjuan Ren ◽  
Dan Wei ◽  
Jun Shao
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Macroscopic Properties ◽  
New Type ◽  
Numerical Calculation Method

Magnetorheological fluid is a new type of smart material that is sensitive to magnetic fields and has controllable performance. It is widely regarded for its unique magnetorheological effect and good rheological properties. For materials, the microstructure determines its macroscopic properties. In order to better study its macroscopic properties, it is necessary to have a more comprehensive understanding and deep understanding of its microstructure. In this paper, the magnetization process of magnetorheological fluid is analyzed from a microscopic point of view. Based on Newton’s second law, the dynamic model of particle motion is established. The magnetic force, repulsive force, and viscous resistance of magnetic particles are analyzed. The finite difference numerical calculation method is used. The velocity-Verlet algorithm simulates the static microstructure chaining process of the magnetorheological fluid and the dynamic chaining process under shear force under different influencing factors. At the same time, a static observation device and a shear observation device were developed to observe the microstructure chaining morphology of magnetorheological fluid under different influencing factors, and to study the dynamic chaining law of magnetorheological fluid under the action of a shear force. Therefore, a reasonable contrast index is established, and the numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental observation results.

Maximizing the utilization of Fe–NxC/CNx centres for an air-cathode material and practical demonstration of metal–air batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (38) ◽  
pp. 20252-20262 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nandan ◽  
A. Gautam ◽  
K. K. Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Cathode Material ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Air Cathode ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Practical Demonstration ◽  
Maximum Exposure ◽  
Oxygen Electrochemistry ◽  
Electrochemical Energy

Maximum exposure of electroactive sites in NCNTs via opening of nitrogen-enriched bamboo compartments for excellent overall oxygen electrochemistry and practical viability in electrochemical energy storage devices.

Detection of Bearing Spalling Faults Using IAS Monitoring System - Experimental Studies on the Influence of Operating and Environmental Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 433-440
Author(s):  
Adeline Bourdon ◽  
Hugo André ◽  
Didier Rémond
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Bearing Fault

Experimental works carried out in recent years have demonstrated the feasibility of detecting a bearing fault through the spectral analysis of the Instantaneous Angular Speed (IAS) in the angular domain. Since these works have been carried out on complex mechanical systems (automotive gearboxes, vehicle wheels, wind turbines), neither the influence of operating parameters, nor the influence of structural parameters over the observed angular speed variations have been clearly identified. However, the implementation of effective tools for condition monitoring prospects requires a deep understanding of these interactions. In this regard, a test bench has been designed to allow defective bearing monitoring through IAS observation of a simple shaft running under varying loads and speeds, the system being simple enough to be easily described in various kind of mechanical or phenomenological models. The aim of this paper is to present a better understanding of the relationships between the speed variation induced by the monitored fault, the structural response and the observed phenomena. In the first part results obtained for a healthy bearing will be analyzed. These initial results serve as a reference for analysis of the results obtained with bearing defects. Coupled with dynamic modeling, they will also highlight the existence of a low frequency torsion mode. The results of this first part also highlight the wider interest of the IAS analysis for the study of rotating systems. In a second part, the measurements are performed with bearings having spalling type defects on their outer ring. The aim of this section is to estimate the influence of operating conditions on IAS monitored indicators. All these results will provide further phenomenological explanations of coupling between bearing fault and rotating speed.

scholarly journals Novel Resistive Sensor Design Utilizing the Geometric Freedom of Additive Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Hagen Watschke ◽  
Marijn Goutier ◽  
Julius Heubach ◽  
Thomas Vietor ◽  
Kay Leichsenring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Sensor Design ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Resistive Sensor ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
Definition Of

Direct additive manufacturing (AM) of sensors has in recent years become possible, but still remains a largely unexplored area. This work proposes a novel resistive sensor design that utilizes the geometric freedom offered by AM, especially by material extrusion, to enable a customizable and amplified response to force and deformation. This is achieved by using a multi-material design made of an elastomer and an electrically conductive polymer that enables a physical shortening of the conductive path under compressive load through a specific definition of shape. A number of different variants of this novel sensor design are tested, measuring their mechanical and electrical behavior under compression. The results of these tests confirm a strong resistive response to mechanical loading. Furthermore, the results provide insight into the influencing factors of the design, i.e., the gap size between the conductive pathing and the stiffness of the sense element support structure are found to be primary influencing factors governing sensor behavior.

Study on the Pressure Distribution on Solid-Plug Conveying of Centrifugal Extruder

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2928-2932
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Shi Jie Wang ◽  
Xiao Ren Lv
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Centrifugal Force Field

In this paper, a new polymer process machine--- centrifugal extruder is introduced. The performance of centrifugal extruder had been studied by theoretical analysis. The analysis shows that the centrifugal force field can provide the solid-plug conveying pressure sufficiently and stably, which can prove the industry practicability of centrifugal extrude. By further discussion, it shows that the important influencing factors on the pressure comprise the structural parameters of the rotors and the rotation velocity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document