scholarly journals Economic Impacts of FTAs on Trade in Services: Some Empirics in East Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550011
Author(s):  
Hikari Ishido
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Commercial Presence ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Mode 3 ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ◽  
The Impact

While the positive impacts of free trade agreements (FTAs) on liberalization in the services sector are widely noted, detailed quantitative analyses are rather scant. This paper takes a first step in analyzing the impact of ASEAN-related FTAs on mode 3 (commercial presence)-based trade in services. Overall, the results reveal some positive correlations between the degree of service trade liberalization in the host country and the service firms' commercial presence in that country. This points to a need to further promote service trade liberalization possibly under the auspices of the proposed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).

PELUANG EKSPOR JASA INDONESIA KE JEPANG MELALUI MODE 3 (COMMERCIAL PRESENCE) DAN MODE 4 (MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS) PADA KERJASAMA IJEPA

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fawaiq
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Natural Person ◽  
Economic Partnership Agreement ◽  
Commercial Presence ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Mode 3

Kemitraan ekonomi Indonesia dan Jepang (IJEPA) telah diratifikasi pada tahun 2008. Dalam lima tahun implementasinya, pemanfaatan sektor jasa Jepang oleh Indonesia hanya terbatas pada jasa perawat dan caregiver. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi mengenai komitmen Jepang dan identifikasi sektor jasa yang dibuka oleh Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk membandingkan komitmen antara Indonesia dengan Jepang dan metode Indeks Hoekman untuk memetakan tingkat komitmen sektor jasa kedua negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jepang membuka 137 sub sektor dan rata-rata sebanyak 100 sub sektor diantaranya dibuka tanpa persyaratan. Peluang ekspor tertinggi Indonesia ke Jepang pada moda 3 dan moda 4 yaitu 27 sub sektor jasa bisnis, lima sub sektor jasa komunikasi, dua sub sektor jasa pendidikan, empat sub sektor jasa lingkungan, tiga sub sektor jasa pariwisata, empat sub sektor jasa rekreasi, budaya dan olah raga, enam sub sektor jasa transportasi dan lima sub sektor jasa lainnya. Untuk dapat memanfaatkan peluang tersebut maka pemerintah Indonesia perlu mempromosikan sektor jasanya ke Jepang dan melakukan negosiasi lanjutan terkait penghapusan hambatan-hambatan lain di sektor jasa. Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) has been ratified in 2008. During the 5 years-implementation, Indonesia has been utilizing nurse and caregiver sectors. This research aims to review Japan’s commitment on trade in services and to identify which sectors/sub-sectors that could benefit Indonesia. Descriptive analysis is used to compare the commitments in services sector between Indonesia and Japan and Hoekman Index to map the degree of commitments. The results showed that Japan has committed to open 137 subsectors and to give full commitment to 100 subsectors. Among the services subsectors that can be utilized by Indonesia through Mode 3 (commercial presence) and Mode 4 (movement of natural person) are 27 in businesses, five in communication, two in education, four in recreation, six in transportation and five in other services. This study recommends Indonesia to promote her services sector to Japan and to negotiate in reducing other barriers in services sector.

Investment will drive solid Taiwanese growth in 2020

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ◽  
The Impact

Subject Taiwan growth prospects. Significance Taiwan’s GDP grew by 3.38% year-on-year in October-December 2019. This is an acceleration from 2.6% year-on-year growth in the second quarter to 3.0% in the third. Consumer spending has grown steadily, while investment reshoring and exports to the United States have grown even more strongly due to trade diversion designed to mitigate the impact of US-China trade tensions. Impacts Taiwan is not currently part of the Asia Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and its exclusion may limit its trade opportunities. If Taiwan learns from Japan’s experience of adjusting to an ageing population, automated social services could emerge as leading sectors. The president has a renewed mandate to introduce reforms aimed at raising wages and creating jobs, especially in high-skill industries.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Potential Impact of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership on the ASEAN Member Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Makmun Syadullah ◽  
Miftahudin ◽  
Benny Gunawan Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to analyze the potential impacts of the RCEP concept developed in the working group and the potential impact on market expansion. Based on the results achieved in the working group dis-cussions, we used a qualitative approach. We put together a simulation of how the impact on trade and mar-ket development has been the goal of the establishment of RCEP. We concluded that the unification of the 16 countries in the RCEP expected to reduce the spaghetti bowl effect caused by a number of free trade agree-ments followed by a country. However, because RCEP does not eliminate regional free trade agreements that exist, RCEP tend to add to the chain's new spaghetti bowl. In addition, the opening of market access among partner countries in the ASEAN-expected results in increased trade intra-ASEAN partner countries so that the impact on economic growth in the region in general and ASEAN in particular.

scholarly journals AFTA DAN PENINGKATAN LIBERALISASI AKSES PASAR JASA KOREA DAN INDONESIA PADA MODA COMMERCIAL PRESENCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-185
Author(s):  
Herlitah Herlitah
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Commercial Presence ◽  
Mode 3 ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Average Index

This study aims to measure the degree of liberalization of the services sector in Korea and Indonesia Mode 3(CommercialPresence)in the WTO and cooperation as well as test singnifikansi AKFTA improvement. The method used to measure the level of liberalization is Hoekman index and the average difference test with t-test was used for testing out sigfikansi increased liberalization between the two countries of the WTO to AKFTA. The results showed that Korea has been more liberal than in Indonesia on the second of this cooperation. In cooperation WTO, Korea open as many as 104 sub-sectors with an average level of liberalization of 0.53 (scale 1), while Indonesia only open as many as 56 sub-sectors with an average index of 0.18. In cooperation AKFTA, Korea increase the number of sub-sectors to 147 with price liberalization level of 0.76. The number of sub-sectors of Indonesia also increased to 72 with an average level of liberalization of 0.22. Increasing the number of sub-sectors and the level of liberalization of Korea and Indonesia from the WTO to AKFTA based on the t-statistic is significant at the 5% level. This means that both countries berliberalisasi significantly to liberalize the services sector. Keywords: Trade in Services, Improved Rate Liberalization, WTO, AKFTA

scholarly journals How Does Industrial Structure Upgrading Affect the Global Greenhouse Effect? Evidence From RCEP and Non-RCEP Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Dong ◽  
Yue Dou ◽  
Qingzhe Jiang ◽  
Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

This study empirically investigates the impact of industrial structure upgrading on global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by employing a balanced dataset of 73 countries over the period 1990–2019. After conducting a series of empirical tests, we used the fixed effect (FE) and random effect (RE) methods to estimate the econometric model, and divided the full sample data into two subsamples, i.e., Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) countries and non-RCEP countries, for heterogeneous analysis. This study also examines the mediating role of technological innovation in the relationship between industrial structure upgrading and global CO2 emissions. The main findings indicate that: (1) both industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation show significant negative impacts on CO2 emissions in the global panel, the RCEP countries, and the non-RCEP countries; (2) industrial structure upgrading not only affects CO2 emissions directly, but also has an indirect impact on global CO2 emissions by promoting technological innovation; and (3) the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is verified in this study; in other words, both economic growth and CO2 emissions exhibit a significant inverted U-shaped relationship in the global panel, the RCEP countries, and the non-RCEP countries. Finally, we highlighted some important policy implications with respect to promoting industrial structure upgrading and mitigating the greenhouse effect.

Trade in Services

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Alan Williams ◽  
Jeff Loder
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Impact

Compared to trade in goods, there hasn’t been much attention given to international exchange in services and efforts to promote liberalization of those exchanges. Despite considerable efforts to promote global and regional services liberalization since the 1980s, much of the study of “trade in services” remains somewhat underdeveloped. Governments maintain foreign direct investment (FDI) restrictions on the ownership and operation of financial services and media companies, and most countries continue to insist on strict limitations on the rights of workers to trade their services across borders. While the revolution in communications and transportation technology in recent decades has intensified interest in services, services are still highly regulated and the removal of traditional trade barriers is inadequate to promote liberalization. The initiatives undertaken to promote the removal of service trade barriers include the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) General Agreement on Trade In Services (GATS); the European Union’s (EU) Services Directive; and the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) signed by member states of the Association of South Eastern Asian Nation members (ASEAN) in 1995. These initiatives have generated a range of academic controversies and investigation, which has explored three themes: explaining the process by which the issue of liberalization came to the forefront of the global trade agenda, deploying a range of theoretical perspectives; assessing the impact and effectiveness of services liberalization agreements; and explaining why it has proven more difficult to promote liberalization in the services sector.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ICT ON SERVICE TRADE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
TUAN ANH LUONG ◽  
THU HANG NGUYEN
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Modified Gravity ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact

While trade in goods has been investigated extensively over decades, studies on trade in services are relatively new. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) on trade in services. We measured ICT by four dimensions, including the subscriptions to broadband, fixed telephones, mobile phones and Internet. Our sample covered more than 200 countries from 2005 to 2015. We employed the modified gravity model and found that all four dimensions had significant impacts on the expansion trade in services, but mobile subscriptions are the most consistent dimensions. Finally, the effects of ICT in exporting and importing countries are similar.

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