scholarly journals Late Carboniferous dextral transpressional reactivation of the crustal-scale Walls Boundary Fault, Shetland: the role of pre-existing structures and lithological heterogeneities

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. jgs2020-078
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Armitage ◽  
Lee M. Watts ◽  
Robert E. Holdsworth ◽  
Robin A. Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
Strain Partitioning ◽  
Boundary Fault ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Tectonic Environment ◽  
Western Side ◽  
East West ◽  
Lithological Heterogeneity

The Walls Boundary Fault in Shetland, Scotland, formed during the Ordovician–Devonian Caledonian orogeny and underwent dextral reactivation in the Late Carboniferous. In a well-exposed section at Ollaberry, westerly verging, gently plunging regional folds in the Neoproterozoic Queyfirth Group on the western side of the Walls Boundary Fault are overprinted by faults and steeply plunging Z-shaped brittle–ductile folds that indicate contemporaneous right-lateral and top-to-the-west reverse displacement. East of the Walls Boundary Fault, the Early Silurian Graven granodiorite complex exhibits fault-parallel fractures with Riedel, P and conjugate shears indicating north–south-striking dextral deformation and an additional contemporaneous component of east–west shortening. In the Queyfirth Group, the structures are arranged in geometrically and kinematically distinct fault-bounded domains that are interpreted to result from two superimposed tectonic events, the youngest of which displays evidence for bulk dextral transpressional strain partitioning into end-member wrench and contractional strain domains. During dextral transpressional deformation, strain was focused into pelite horizons and favourably aligned pre-existing structures, leaving relicts of older deformation in more competent lithologies. This study highlights the importance of pre-existing structures and lithological heterogeneity during reactivation and suggests the development of a regional transpressional tectonic environment during the Late Carboniferous on the Shetland Platform.

scholarly journals Structural Control of Ore Deposits: The Role of Pre-Existing Structures on the Formation of Mineralised Vein Systems

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chauvet A.
Keyword(s):  
Structural Control ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Iberian Pyrite Belt ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Quadrilátero Ferrífero

The major role played by pre-existing structures in the formation of vein-style mineral deposits is demonstrated with several examples. The control of a pre-existing decollement level on the formation of a crustal extension-related (collapse) gold deposit is first illustrated in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero from Brazil. Shear zone and decollement structures were also examined and shown to control veins formation by three distinct processes: (i) re-aperture and re-using of wrench shear zones in the case of Shila gold mines (south Peru); (ii) remobilisation of metal in volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposit by subsequent tectonic events and formation of a secondary stockwork controlled by structures created during this event (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain); (iii) formation of economic stockwork by contrasting deformation behaviours between ductile black schist versus brittle more competent dolomite (Cu-Ifri deposit, Morocco). Two examples involve changing of rheological competence within zones affected by deformation and/or alteration in order to receive the mineralisation (case studies of Achmmach, Morocco, and Mina Soriana, Spain). The last case underscores the significance of the magmatic–hydrothermal transition in the formation of mesothermal gold deposits (Bruès mine, Spain). All these examples clearly demonstrate the crucial role played by previously formed structures and/or texture in the development and formation of ore deposits.

PLACE AND ROLE OF NON-ACADEMIC EDUCATION IN THE SUBJECT FIELD OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Galyna Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Academic System ◽  
The Subject

Growing problem of inconsistency of the academic system of education with the new needs of society and individual, lack of existing structures of education contribute to the emergence of a different approach for the organization of educational activities, which is non-academic. As a philosophical phenomenon, it fully complies with the students' diverse interests and possibilities. Nonacademic education functions outside the academic education, free from strict rules and regulations, it focuses on specific educational requests of different social, professional, demographic groups.

Designing an Indigenous Voice that empowers: How constitutional recognition could strengthen First Nations sovereignty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1037969X2110096
Author(s):  
Jason O’Neil
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
First Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Voice

This article considers how a First Nations Voice to Parliament, if carefully designed, could strengthen the land-based sovereignty and autonomy of First Peoples in Australia. It critiques the proposals presented in the Indigenous Voice Co-design Process' Interim Report released January 2021 for its emphasis on the role of government and existing structures. It responds to Indigenous critiques of the Uluru Statement from the Heart, while arguing for a constitutionally enshrined Voice to Parliament that respects and defers to First Nations' Country-based authority.

Role of rigid block in tectonic transformation zone at east Tibet 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuo Shen ◽  
Xiwei Xu ◽  
Shiyong Zhou ◽  
Shaogang Wei ◽  
Xiaoqiong Lei
Keyword(s):  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Rigid Block ◽  
Strain Partitioning ◽  
Transformation Models ◽  
Transformation Zone ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Eastern Margin ◽  
Bayan Har ◽  
The Tibet Plateau

<p>In recent decades, plateau margins have attracted attention because the understanding of their dynamics and history provides insights into the modes of crustal deformation responsible for the plateau structure and morphology and more widely into the deformation of continental lithosphere. The slip transformation and strain partitioning mechanism at the eastern termination of the Kunlun fault system remain unclear. Geophysics investigations revealed the Ruoergai Basin as a rigid block; however, insufficient information is available on the role of this block in tectonic transformation zone at east Tibet. We employed the finite element method in our simulations to delimitate the presence of the Ruoergai block and determine how it affects the surrounding area. We found that the Ruoergai block moves independently to the east or northeast, and its motion differs from that of the Bayan Har block in the eastward escape process of this last-named block. The formation and behavior of Awancang fault and Longriba fault seems to impact by the Ruoergai block. The influence of the Ruoergai block in the east margin should not be ignored. The Awancang fault and Ruoergai block absorbed the north vector velocity of the Bayan Har block, after which the Bayan Har block started moving southeast. The strain partitioning at the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau is progressively complete[A1]  from the Awancang fault, Ruoergai block, and Longriba fault area to the Longmenshan block. The presence of the Ruoergai block could decrease the strike-slip rate of the Maqin–Maqu section of the Kunlun fault. Given its influence in the region, the Ruoergai block should be incorporated in future studies on regional deformation and in deformation and tectonic transformation models. Then we compared the deformation and tectonic transformation models in the northern margin of the Tibet Plateau. Proposed a rigid block compression pattern unite the tectonic transformation and deformation issue, further explain most of the fault behaviors in the northern margin and eastern margin of Tibet.</p><p> </p>

Contribution a l'etude tectonique de la presqu'ile de Brogger (Spitsberg)

1966 ◽  
Vol S7-VIII (4) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucien Barbaroux
Keyword(s):  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Metamorphic Complex

Abstract New observations on the Brogger peninsula (Spitsbergen) show that the Hecla Hoek (Caledonide) geosynclinal metamorphic complex, reactivated by successive orogenies, overlaps Paleozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary formations in a northwest direction along a continuous front. The role of northwest-southeast-trending deformation in the Hercynian (late Paleozoic) and north-south deformation in the Tertiary assume greater importance than was heretofore accorded them. The existence of an Erzgebirgian (late Carboniferous) and a Saalian (mid-Permian) phase of Paleozoic orogeny can be shown.

Persistent but adaptable – the path dependent development of German cost accounting

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Weber ◽  
Leona Wiegmann
Keyword(s):  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Multiple Case Studies ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how and why German cost accounting prevails and develops in German multinational organisations despite the various indications in the literature that it will converge towards an anglophone system over time. To analyse this, the authors draw on the ideas of professional practices (Jarzabkowski et al., 2016) and their path dependency (Schreyögg and Sydow, 2011) as a method theory. Design/methodology/approach The authors deploy an exploratory method using multiple case studies to determine similarities and differences between organisations concerning how cost accounting practices developed over time. They conducted interviews with cost accountants, group controllers and managers of German multinational organisations as well as experts from higher education institutions and consultancies. Findings This paper shows the path-dependent development of German cost accounting. It identifies self-reinforcing learning and complementary effects that seem to make it inefficient for organisations to deviate from the learned path as well as economic and normative pressures that affect the design of cost accounting systems. Originality/value By considering German cost accounting a path-dependent professional practice, this paper illustrates how and why the core of German cost accounting prevails, although organisations make adjustments within the existing structures to respond to the pressures they face. This paper hereby highlights the role of cost accountants in defining (and consequently bringing about or preventing changes to) the design of cost accounting systems.

Bridging East and West

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglė Rindzevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Lyndon Johnson ◽  
East And West ◽  
East West

This chapter details the establishment of International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) to demonstrate the crucial role of East-West cooperation in shaping global governance. IIASA as a diplomatic initiative was the result of actions by top governmental officials: US president Lyndon Johnson proposed creating an East-West think tank and Soviet Prime Minister Aleksei Kosygin accepted his proposal, both sides considering this step as part of cultural diplomacy or an exercise of “soft power” in the presumably less ideological areas of science and technology. The chapter then suggests that the establishment of IIASA can be interpreted as precisely such a forward-oriented arrangement to enable a certain form of cooperation between the opposing great powers: mutual predictability was enhanced by bringing together leading policy scientists from East and West, whereas shared goals were articulated through applied systems research.

scholarly journals Some Key Aspects in the Mechanics of Stress Transfer Between SRG and Masonry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7303
Author(s):  
Giulia Baietti ◽  
Tommaso D’Antino ◽  
Christian Carloni
Keyword(s):  
Stress Transfer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Direct Shear Tests ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Mortar Matrix

The use of composite materials to strengthen masonry structures has become common practice within the civil engineering community. Steel-reinforced grout (SRG), which comprises high-strength steel fibers embedded in a mortar matrix, is part of the family of the fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites that represent a suitable alternative to fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for strengthening existing structures. Although studies on FRCMs have already reached a certain level of maturity, some key issues remain open, such as the role of matrix type and layout, substrate properties, and test rate. This paper focuses on some of these issues. The results of single-lap direct shear tests on masonry blocks strengthened with SRGs are presented to analyze the bond behavior between the composite material and the substrate. Four aspects are considered: (1) the change in the width of the SRG mortar matrix while keeping the width of the fiber sheet fixed; (2) the type of mortar used for the SRG; (3) the influence of the test rate, and (4) the type of substrate (i.e., concrete vs. masonry). The results obtained indicate the active role of the matrix layout and the importance of the test rate, encouraging further investigations to clarify these aspects.

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