scholarly journals Review of the dinoflagellate cyst <i>Subtilisphaera</i>? <i>inaffecta</i> (Drugg, 1978) Bujak & Davies, 1983 and <i>S.</i>? <i>paeminosa</i> (Drugg, 1978) Bujak & Davies, 1983

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Courtinat

Abstract. Research carried out on the Upper Jurassic dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of the Sub-Tethyan marine realm, show that populations of the dinoflagellate cysts Subtilisphaera? inaffecta and S.? paeminosa are predominant in shallow water marginal marine or brackish environments. The distribution of groups of dinoflagellate cysts, micrhystridid acritarchs and variations of terrestrial inputs represented by phytoclasts are presumed parameters of the salinity balance during such Late Jurassic depositional environments. In this context, the shagreenate to faintly granulate S.? inaffecta appears to be an opportunistic taxon with an ability to prosper in brackish environments. In contrast, the coarsely granulate to pustulate paeminosa form is seemingly less eurytopic and flourishes with success in shallow, marginal marine, environments. SEM studies reveals that the two morphotypes possess transapical archaeopyle sutures on what is usually considered the antapex. Following these observations the cysts are interpreted in a reverse sense. Consequently, the attribution to the genus Subtilisphaera becomes inappropriate. The two morphotypes, interpreted as variants of a single species, are attributed to the genus Corculodinium Batten &amp; Lister, 1988 for which a new emendation is proposed. The specific epithet inaffecta is considered legal over paeminosa.

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Snape

An allochthonous block of the Nordenskjöld Formation from north-west James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula has yielded a diverse marine palynoflora. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the 185 m thick sequence are described and compared with similar microfloras previously described from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Madagascar. A mid Tithonian (Late Jurassic) age is suggested for the section. One new genus, Helbydinium gen. nov. and four new species, Helbydinium scabratum sp. nov., Leptodinium acneum sp. nov., Leptodinium posterosulcatum sp. nov. and Rhynchodiniopsis foveata sp. nov. are described.


2004 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Piasecki ◽  
Michael Larsen ◽  
Jens Therkelsen ◽  
Henrik Vosgerau

Dinoflagellate cysts of the Middle–Upper Jurassic succession on northern Hold with Hope have been studied in order to establish a biostratigraphic framework and to date the succession. The Pelion Formation is characterised by abundant Chytroeisphaeridia hyalina and Sentusidinium spp., with some Ctenidodinium thulium and Paragonyaulacysta retiphragmata in the lower part. Mendicodinium groenlandicum appears higher in the formation followed by Trichodinium scarburghense in the upper part. The succeeding Payer Dal Formation contains Scriniodinium crystallinum, Rigaudella aemula and Leptodinium subtile in the lower part and Dingodinium jurassicum and Prolixosphaeridium granulosum in the uppermost part. The Bernbjerg Formation contains abundant Sirmiodinium grossii and Gonyaulacysta jurassica. Adnatospahaeridium sp., Cribroperidinium granuligerum, Glossodinium cf. dimorphum and Scriniodinium irregulare appear in the lower part of the formation, followed by Avellodinium spp. in the highest part. The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the Pelion Formation indicate an Early–Late Callovian age (C. apertum – P. athleta Chronozones). This is supported by ammonites in the lower part of the formation, which refer to the C. apertum and P. koenigi Chronozones. A significant hiatus, from Late Callovian to Middle Oxfordian, is present between the Pelion Formation and the overlying Payer Dal Formation. The age of the Payer Dal Formation is Middle Oxfordian to earliest Late Oxfordian (C. tenuiserratum – A. glosense Chronozones). The Payer Dal Formation is conformably overlain by the Bernbjerg Formation of Late Oxfordian to possibly earliest Kimmeridgian age (A. glosense – P. baylei Chronozones). The A. glosense Chronozone is also documented by abundant ammonites in the lowermost part of the formation.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Courgeon ◽  
Yasin Makhloufi ◽  
Lucas Vimpere ◽  
Michel Meyer ◽  
Elias Samankassou

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Chemostratigraphy has become a key tool to study shallow-water carbonate systems and propose insightful time correlations where biostratigraphic markers are limited. However, the bulk geochemical signal of shallow-water carbonate deposits commonly results from the superposition of local and global trends. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;dditionally, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;the shallow-water carbonate deposits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; frequently undergo intense diagenetic alteration obliterating the original seawater signature.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Based on three well-constrained Upper Jurassic sections of the French Jura, this study aims at discussing the control of the original depositional environment on the bulk geochemical signature of ancient shallow-water carbonates. Using isotope ratios &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;C, &lt;/span&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;O, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;87&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sr/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;86&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sr), elemental concentrations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Sr, Al, U) and statistical methods, this paper shows that two main processes, closely linked to the depositional environments and associated conditions, control the overall signature of bulk samples of the studied deposits: the detrital input and the diagenetic effects. The detrital input, identified by increase in Fe, Al, Mn and U concentrations, is the highest in very proximal areas (supra- and intertidal domains) affected by terrestrial organic matter and pedogenetic material influx, and in distal realms (open sea) characterized by fine terrigenous fraction deriving from continental landmass erosion. The diagenetic effect&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; can be subdivided into two processes: the dolomitization and the diagenetic imprint. The dolomitization, associated to increase in Mg and &lt;/span&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;O, mostly concerns supra- and intertidal deposits affected by refluxing evaporitic-derived brines. The diagenetic imprint, mainly associated to decrease of &lt;/span&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;C, &lt;/span&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;O and increase in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;87&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sr/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;86&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sr, is the most important in platform margin deposits associated to high primary porosities enhancing fluid-rock interactions during burial &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;/or meteoric&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; diagenesis. Because of these processes, time correlations are overall very difficult to establish between the studied sections.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The combined analyses of depositional environments and geochemical signal finally led to the conclusion that the concept of &amp;#8220;geochemical facies&amp;#8221; might represent an interesting tool to discuss depositional conditions and diagenetic effects along specific depositional models.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; This integrated study provides (1) relevant results to step back on challenging chemostratigraphic interpretations in shallow-water carbonate settings and (2) new insights into the complex sedimentological, diagenetic and geochemical interactions in shallow-water carbonate depositional systems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen LOUWYE

A palynological investigation of the Miocene Zonderschot Sands (Berchem Formation) from the type locality Zonderschot (northern Belgium) has revealed the presence of a diverse dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch association. The dinoflagellates reflect a shallow marine environment, although the oceanic species Nematosphaeropsis and Impagidinium are prominent in the association and indicate the presence of an oceanic influence. This can be explained only by the depositional area being located at the very southern margin of the relatively isolated North Sea Basin during a period of maximum landward extent of the marine realm. A precise biostratigraphical correlation of the Zonderschot Sands with the Antwerpen Sands (Berchem Formation) from the Antwerp area is established. Biostratigraphical evaluation of key dinoflagellate cyst species indicates a latest Burdigalian (latest Early Miocene) - (earliest?) Langhian (early Middle Miocene) age for the Zonderschot Sands.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANZHE FU ◽  
DIYING HUANG

Herein, two recently described nominal genera of Sinoalidae, Juroala Chen & Wang, 2019a, with a single species, and Parasinoala Fu & Huang, 2019a with three species from the Middle to Upper Jurassic Daohugou Bed, are revised. Parasinoala is considered a junior synonym of Juroala syn. nov., and Parasinoala minuta is transferred to Juroala comb. nov.; and because of also transferring P. daohugouensis to Juroala, it is preoccupied and is given the new replacement name Juroala daidaleos nom. nov.. A new fossil horizon yielding very rich sinoalid assemblage was recently discovered at the topmost Daohugou Bed with many specimens of Juroala collected. On the basis of these well-preserved new materials, the morphological details of three described species of Juroala are revised and intraspecific variation is discussed. The new fossil horizon has a geological age distinctly younger than other described sinoalid assemblages. All the three species of Juroala present extremely limited morphological changes but slightly larger sizes than the previously described specimens. The new fossil horizon is rich in sinoalids, unlike other layers from the Daohugou Bed that are dominated by the procercopids, suggesting a possible different high altitude adaptability of Jurassic cercopoids.


Author(s):  
Peter Alsen ◽  
Stefan Piasecki

The Hareelv Formation in the Blokelv-1 core is biostratigraphically subdivided by means of ammonite and dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy. The succession ranges from the Oxfordian C. densiplicatum Chronozone to the Volgian P. elegans Chronozone. The mudstones of the Blokelv-1 core are characterised by large amounts of amorphous organic matter. This hampers the preparation and identification of dinoflagellate cysts, which are also commonly degraded and corroded. Ammonites, on the other hand, are common and well-preserved in the core, contrasting with that observed in the equivalent facies and stratigraphic interval at outcrop. Integration of the ammonite and dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphical data yields a robust chronostratigraphic subdivision of the middle Oxfordian – lowermost Volgian cored section.


2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mindszenty ◽  
J. Ferenc Deák ◽  
Mária Fölvári

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Taylor ◽  
Roger G. Walker

The marine Moosebar Formation (Albian) has a currently accepted southerly limit at Fall Creek (Ram River area). It consists of marine mudstones with some hummocky and swaley cross-stratified sandstones indicating a storm-dominated Moosebar (Clearwater) sea. We have traced a tongue of the Moosebar southward to the Elbow River area (150 km southeast of Fall Creek), where there is a brackish-water ostracod fauna. Paleoflow directions are essentially northwestward (vector mean 318°), roughly agreeing with turbidite sole marks (329°) in the Moosebar of northeastern British Columbia.The Moosebar sea transgressed southward over fluvial deposits of the Gladstone Formation. In the Gladstone, thick channel sands (4–8 m) are commonly multistorey (up to about 15 m), with well developed lateral accretion surfaces. The strike of the lateral accretion surfaces and the orientation of the walls of channels and scours indicate northwestward flow (various vector means in the range 307–339°). The Moosebar transgression was terminated by construction of the Beaver Mines floodplain, with thick, multistorey sand bodies up to about 35 m thick. Flow directions are variable, but various vector means roughly cluster in the north to northeast segment. This indicates a major change in dispersal direction from the Gladstone and Moosebar formations.A review of many Late Jurassic and Cretaceous units shows a dominant dispersal of sand parallel to regional strike. This flow is mostly north-northwestward (Passage beds, Cadomin, Gladstone, Moosebar, Gates, Chungo), with the southeasterly dispersal of the Cardium being the major exception. Only at times of maximum thickness of clastic input (Belly River and higher units, and possibly Kootenay but there are no published paleocurrent data) does the sediment disperse directly eastward or northeastward from the Cordillera toward the Plains.


Fossil Record ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-D. Heinrich

Tendaguru is one of the most important dinosaur localities in Africa. The Tendaguru Beds have produced a diverse Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian to Tithonian) dinosaur assemblage, including sauropods (<i>Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus, Dicraeosaurus, Janenschia</i>), theropods (e.g., <i>Elaphrosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus</i>), and ornithischians (<i>Kentrosaurus, Dryosaurus</i>). Contrary to the well studied skeletal anatomy of the Tendaguru dinosaurs, the available taphonomic information is rather limited, and a generally accepted taphonomic model has not yet been established. Assessment of unpublished excavation sketches by the German Tendaguru expedition (1909–1913) document bone assemblages of sauropod and ornithischian dinosaurs from the Middle Saurian Bed, Upper Saurian Bed, and the Transitional Sands above the <i>Trigonia smeei</i> Bed, and shed some light on the taphonomy of the Tendaguru dinosaurs. Stages of disarticulation range from incomplete skeletons to solitary bones, and strongly argue for carcass decay and post-mortem transport prior to burial. The sauropod bone accumulations are dominated by adult individuals, and juveniles are rare or missing. The occurrence of bones in different superimposed dinosaur-bearing horizons indicates that skeletal remains were accumulated over a long time span during the Late Jurassic, and the majority of the bone accumulations are probably attritional. These accumulations are likely to have resulted from long-term bone imput due to normal mortality events caused by starvation, seasonal drought, disease, old age and weakness. The depositional environment of the Middle and Upper Saurian Bed was mainly limnic to brackish in origin, while the palaeoenvironment of the Transitional Sands was marginal marine. <br><br> Tendaguru zählt zu den bedeutendsten Dinosaurier-Lagerstätten Afrikas. Aus den Tendaguru-Schichten sind zahlreiche Skelettreste von Sauropoden (<i>Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus, Dicraeosaurus, Janenschia</i>), Theropoden (z.B. <i>Elaphrosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus</i>) und Ornithischiern (<i>Kentrosaurus, Dryosaurus</i>) geborgen worden. Sie stammen aus der späten Jura-Zeit (Kimmeridge — Tithon). Während der Skelettbau der Tendagurusaurier gut untersucht ist, wirft die Taphonomie des Sauriervorkommens von Tendaguru noch immer Fragen auf. Unklar ist bislang, wie die enormen Anreicherungen von Dinosaurierknochen in den Tendaguru-Schichten zustandekamen. Unveröffentlichte Grabungsskizzen der Deutschen Tendaguru Expedition (1909–1913) erweitern unsere Kenntnisse über die Taphonomie der Tendagurusaurier. In den ausgewerteten Grabungsskizzen sind Knochenansammlungen von Sauropoden und Ornithischiern aus dem Mittleren und Oberen Sauriermergel sowie aus den Übergangsschichten über der <i>Trigonia smeei</i>-Schicht dokumentiert. Die Lage und der Erhaltungszustand der Funde lassen auf erheblichen Zerfall der Kadaver und post-mortalen Transport von Skelettelementen vor der Einbettung schließen. Das Vorkommen von Saurierknochen in mehreren übereinanderliegenden Profilabschnitten der Tendaguru-Schichten zeigt, daß Skelettreste während der späten Jura-Zeit über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg akkumuliert wurden. Die Ansammlungen von Skelettresten gehen wahrscheinlich auf „normale” Sterbe-Ereignisse zurück, wie z. B. Verhungern, Verdursten, Kankheit, Altersschwäche und jahreszeitliche Dürre. Als Ablagerungsraum der Mittleren und Oberen Saurierschicht kommt ein küstennaher limnischer, zeitweise wohl auch brackischer Küstenstreifen in Betracht. Die knochenführenden Übergangsschichten unter- und oberhalb der Saurierschichten sind randlich marine Ablagerungen. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020102" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020102</a>


Geosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I. Ejembi ◽  
Sally L. Potter-McIntyre ◽  
Glenn R. Sharman ◽  
Tyson M. Smith ◽  
Joel E. Saylor ◽  
...  

Middle to Upper Jurassic strata in the Paradox Basin and Central Colorado trough (CCT; south­western United States) record a pronounced change in sediment dispersal from dominantly aeolian deposition with an Appalachian source (Entrada Sandstone) to dominantly fluvial deposi­tion with a source in the Mogollon and/or Sevier orogenic highlands (Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation). An enigmatic abundance of Cambrian (ca. 527–519 Ma) grains at this prove­nance transition in the CCT at Escalante Canyon, Colorado, was recently suggested to reflect a local sediment source from the Ancestral Front Range, despite previous interpretations that local base­ment uplifts were largely buried by Middle to Late Jurassic time. This study aims to delineate spatial and tem­poral patterns in provenance of these Jurassic sandstones containing Cambrian grains within the Paradox Basin and CCT using sandstone petrog­raphy, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, and detrital zircon trace elemental and rare-earth ele­mental (REE) geochemistry. We report 7887 new U-Pb detrital zircon analyses from 31 sandstone samples collected within seven transects in west­ern Colorado and eastern Utah. Three clusters of zircon ages are consistently present (1.53–1.3 Ga, 1.3–0.9 Ga, and 500–300 Ma) that are interpreted to reflect sources associated with the Appalachian orogen in southeastern Laurentia (mid-continent, Grenville, Appalachian, and peri-Gondwanan terranes). Ca. 540–500 Ma zircon grains are anom­alously abundant locally in the uppermost Entrada Sandstone and Wanakah Formation but are either lacking or present in small fractions in the overlying Salt Wash and Tidwell Members of the Morrison Formation. A comparison of zircon REE geochem­istry between Cambrian detrital zircon and igneous zircon from potential sources shows that these 540–500 Ma detrital zircon are primarily magmatic. Although variability in both detrital and igneous REE concentrations precludes definitive identifica­tion of provenance, several considerations suggest that distal sources from the Cambrian granitic and rhyolitic provinces of the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen is also likely, in addition to a proximal source identified in the McClure Mountain syenite of the Wet Mountains, Colorado. The abundance of Cambrian grains in samples from the central CCT, particularly in the Entrada Sandstone and Wana­kah Formation, suggests northwesterly sediment transport within the CCT, with sediment sourced from Ancestral Rocky Mountains uplifts of the southern Wet Mountains and/or Amarillo-Wichita Mountains in southwestern Oklahoma. The lack of Cambrian grains within the Paradox Basin sug­gests that the Uncompahgre uplift (southwestern Colorado) acted as a barrier to sediment transport from the CCT.


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