SPLASH: semi-empirical prediction of landslide-generated displacement wave run-up heights

2018 ◽  
Vol 477 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Oppikofer ◽  
Reginald L. Hermanns ◽  
Nicholas J. Roberts ◽  
Martina Böhme
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Large Error ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Landslide Volume ◽  
Displacement Wave ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Semi Empirical

AbstractDisplacement waves (or tsunamis) generated by sub-aerial landslides cause damage along shorelines over long distances, making run-up assessment a crucial component of landslide risk analysis. Although site-specific modelling provides important insight into the behaviour of potential waves, more general approaches using limited input parameters are necessary for preliminary assessments. We use a catalogue of landslide-generated displacement waves to develop semi-empirical relationships linking displacement wave run-up (R in metres) to distance from landslide impact (x in kilometres) and to landslide volume (V in millions of cubic metres). For individual events, run-up decreases with distance according to power laws. Consideration of ten events demonstrates that run-up increases with landslide volume, also according to a power law. Combining these relationships gives the SPLASH equation: R = aVbxc, with best-fitted parameters a = 18.093, b = 0.57110 and c = −0.74189. The 95% prediction interval between the calculated and measured run-up values is 2.58, meaning that 5% of the measured run-up heights exceed the predicted value by a factor of 2.58 or more. This relatively large error is explained by local amplifications of wave height and run-up. Comparisons with other displacement wave models show that the SPLASH equation is a valuable tool for the first-stage preliminary hazard and risk assessment for unstable rock slopes above water bodies.

scholarly journals Semi-empirical prediction of dam height and stability of dams formed by rock slope failures in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3179-3196
Author(s):  
Thierry Oppikofer ◽  
Reginald L. Hermanns ◽  
Vegard U. Jakobsen ◽  
Martina Böhme ◽  
Pierrick Nicolet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Semi Empirical

Abstract. Based on an inventory of 69 dams formed by rock slope failures in southwestern Norway and published inventories from other parts of the world, we developed semi-empirical relationships linking the maximum dam height (HD.max in metres) to dam volume (VD in 106 m3) and other relevant parameters such as valley width (WV in metres) or dam area (AD in square kilometres). Power laws are obtained for HD.max=f(VD) and HD.max=f(VD, WV), while a linear relationship links HD.max to the ratio VD∕AD. For dams in southwestern Norway, the linear relationship HD.max=1.75×VD/AD has the least uncertainties and provides the best results when comparing predicted dam heights with a validation dataset composed of existing dams in northern Norway and numerically modelled dams for possible rock slope failures. To assess the stability of future dams, we use the predicted dam heights in the dimensionless blockage index (DBI) and relating this index to the probability of dam failure derived from our dataset and other published databases on landslide dams. This study underlines the potential of semi-empirical relationships for assessing dam height and stability that needs to be included in preliminary hazard and risk assessment for unstable rock slopes, because damming of a river is an important secondary effect of landslides due to upstream flooding and possible outburst floods in the case of dam failure.

The Quantification of Internal Noise Levels and Wall Pressure Spectra in Industrial Gas Pipelines

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Norton ◽  
A. Pruiti
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Internal Noise ◽  
Wall Pressure ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Wall Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Semi Empirical

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of quantifying the internal noise levels/wall pressure fluctuations in industrial gas pipelines. This quantification of internal noise levels/wall pressure fluctuations allows for external noise radiation from pipelines to be specified in absolute levels via appropriate noise prediction models. Semi-empirical prediction models based upon (i) estimated vibration levels and radiation ratios, (ii) semi-empirical transmission loss models, and (iii) statistical energy analysis models have already been reported on by Norton and Pruiti 1,3 and are not reported on here.

Semi-Empirical Prediction of Shape-Memory Effect in FeMnSi-Based Alloys

2002 ◽  
Vol 394-395 ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Wan ◽  
Shipu Chen ◽  
T.Y. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Effect ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Semi Empirical

scholarly journals Elastic constants and optical phonon frequencies of BX (X= P, As, and Sb) semiconductors: Semi-empirical prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Salah Daoud ◽  
Pawan Kumar Saini ◽  
Hamza Rekab-Djabri
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Longitudinal Optical ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Boron Compounds ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Zinc Blende ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Good Agreement

Based on some simple empirical formulas established by Adachi in, Properties of group-IV, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (2005), and the experimental lattice constants reported in the literature; the present work aims to predict the elastic constants and some other significant properties of cubic zinc-blende boron compounds (BP, BAs and BSb). The obtained values of C12and C44 are in general good agreement with other data of the literature, while C11 and B are slightly lower. The zone-center longitudinal optical (LO) and transverse optical (TO) phonon frequencies are also obtained. The LO and TO phonon frequencies of BP compound were found at 866.6and 834.5 cm–1, respectively; these of BAs were found at 731.3 and 727.1 cm–1, respectively; while for the BSb narrow-gap semiconducting compound were found at around 598.3and 586.2 cm–1, respectively. These two later values are in general slightly lower than the calculated values, and the observed Raman spectroscopy values reported in the literature. 

scholarly journals Simulating tsunami propagation in fjords with long wave models

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 4857-4887
Author(s):  
F. Løvholt ◽  
S. Glimsdal ◽  
P. Lynett ◽  
G. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Steep Slopes

Abstract. Tsunamis induced by rock slides constitute a severe hazard towards coastal fjord communities. Fjords are narrow and rugged with steep slopes, and modeling the short-frequency and high-amplitude tsunamis in this environment is demanding. In the present paper, our ability (and the lack thereof) to simulate tsunami propagation and run-up in fjords for typical wave characteristics of rock slide induced waves is demonstrated. The starting point is a 1 : 500 scale model of the topography and bathymetry of Storfjorden fjord system in western Norway. Using measured wave data from the scale model as input to numerical simulations, we find that the leading wave is moderately influenced by non-linearity and dispersion. For the trailing waves, dispersion and dissipation from the alongshore inundation on the traveling wave become more important. Tsunami inundation were simulated at the two locations of Hellesylt and Geiranger, providing good match with the measurements in the former location. In Geiranger, the most demanding case of the two, discrepancies are larger, which may in part be explained by scale effects, and in part combinations of errors emerging from both wave propagation along large stretches of the fjord and the inundation model itself.

Semi-empirical prediction model of chloride-induced corrosion rate in uncracked reinforced concrete exposed to a marine environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 135376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhan Wang ◽  
Chenxi Liu ◽  
Yuchi Wang ◽  
Qingmei Li ◽  
Bochen Yan
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Chloride Induced Corrosion ◽  
Semi Empirical

scholarly journals Landslide hazard probability and risk assessment at the community level: a case of western Hubei, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Fu ◽  
Lixia Chen ◽  
Tsehaie Woldai ◽  
Kunlong Yin ◽  
Lei Gui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Landslide Volume ◽  
Western Hubei

Abstract. Small communities living in mountainous terrain in Hubei province are often affected by landslides. Previous studies by the China Geological Survey focused on the 1:100 000 scale. Therefore, a more detailed assessment, especially at the community level, is urgently required by local governments for risk management. In this study, we conducted a more detailed semiquantitative landslide and risk assessment at the community level using a scale of 1:10 000. We applied the probabilistic method to assess landslide spatial, temporal, and size probabilities, while the hazard and risk assessment were considered for four return periods (5, 10, 20, and 50 years) and two size scenarios (landslide volume). The spatial probability from susceptibility mapping with an accuracy of 84 % indicates that the major controlling factors are Quaternary deposits and weathered eluvium from Ordovician limestones. This study revealed that most building areas in hazard maps are at the foot of major slopes with very high hazard probabilities, and therefore we computed the potential loss of life and property for each slope. The results reveal that 1530 people and USD 18 million worth of property were at risk of landslides within a 50-year return period and a landslide volume of 50 000 m3. The longer the return period is, the higher the hazard probability is. Compared with the classic inverse gamma and power law distribution of landslide magnitude and frequency, the function by the ordinary least squares method is more suitable for landslide size probability analysis of the study area. According to these methods, the proposed procedure of landslide risk assessment proves more useful than the existing data from the 1:100 000 scale in western Hubei, China.

Semi-empirical prediction of moisture build-up in an electronic enclosure using analysis of variance (ANOVA)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parizad Shojaee Nasirabadi ◽  
Helene Conseil-Gudla ◽  
Sankhya Mohanty ◽  
Masoud Jabbari ◽  
Rajan Ambat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Semi Empirical

On the semi-empirical Prediction of Spoiler Noise

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pott-Pollenske
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Semi Empirical
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