In-network optimal rate reduction for packetized MPEG video

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guntur Ravindra ◽  
Joseph Thaliath ◽  
Ian D. Chakeres
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Rate Reduction

Severe Drooling and Treatment With Botulinum Toxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Merete Bakke ◽  
Allan Bardow ◽  
Eigild Møller
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Severe drooling is associated with discomfort and psychosocial problems and may constitute a health risk. A variety of different surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to diminish drooling, some of them with little or uncertain effect and others more effective but irreversible or with side effects. Based on clinical evidence, injection with botulinum toxin (BTX) into the parotid and submandibular glands is a useful treatment option, because it is local, reversible, and with few side effects, although it has to be repeated. The mechanism of BTX is a local inhibition of acetylcholine release, which diminishes receptor-coupled secretion and results in a flow rate reduction of 25–50% for 2–7 months.

On the Causes of Socio-Economic Inequality Reproduction: What Does Resources Approach Show?

2014 ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
E. Avraamova ◽  
T. Maleva
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Rational Models ◽  
Information Database ◽  
Vertical Mobility

This paper presents an attempt at answering the question of why the scope of socio-economic inequality stays the same in Russia despite the poverty rate reduction. The authors are looking for the causes of this phenomenon in the domain of social dynamics, i.e., in the nature of current vertical mobility mechanisms. To study these mechanisms the authors use resources approach. The information database of the research is the representative sample survey carried by the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting at RANEPA in 2013. The majority of the respondents have, in fact, vague idea of general parameters of the economic development of the country and of their personal prospects to adapt to possible changes. This state of things hinders the development of rational models of socio-economic behavior directed towards the growth of personal and family welfare and productive in terms of national economy development - these, eventually, would advance the reduction of socio-economic inequality. Various groups of population are predominantly oriented towards converting social capital viewed not in terms of trust and solidarity, but in terms of ties or connections and of personal loyalty.

Oscillating conditions for influencing the composition of mixed biological cultures

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne R. Horntvedt ◽  
Morten Rambekk ◽  
Rune Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Similar Strategy ◽  
Sinusoidal Oscillations ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Concentration Levels

This paper presents a strategy in which mixed biological cultures are exposed to oscillating concentration levels, to improve the potential for coexistence of desired bacterial species. A mechanistic mathematical model is constructed to investigate and illustrate this strategy. This paper is focused on competition between nitrifying, denitrifying and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in a CSTR with sludge recycle. For nitrifying and aerobic heterotrophic cultures, the effect of sinusoidal oscillations in DO levels with an amplitude of 1.0 mg/l is a 16% specific growth rate reduction compared to that at a constant DO level. The denitrifiers growth rate is increased by an average of 59%, compared to the constant DO level situation. A similar strategy has been tested in a pilot plant. It is concluded that the influence on specific growth rates is a function of the amplitude of the oscillations. The effects are greatest when concentrations fluctuate around the half saturation concentration of the rate limiting component(s).

Role of Heart Rate Reduction in the Management of Myocarditis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Guang-Yi ◽  
Ge Li-Sha ◽  
Li Yue-Chun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Heart Rate Reduction ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Biological Technique

The morbidity of myocarditis demonstrates an upward tendency by years, is commonly defined as the inflammation of myocytes and is caused by multiple factors. With the development of the molecular biological technique, great breakthroughs in the diagnosis and understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of myocarditis have recently been achieved. Several questions remain unresolved, however, including standard treatment approaches to myocarditis, which remain controversial and ambiguous. Heart rate, as an independent risk factor, has been shown to be related to cardiac disease. Recent studies also show that the autonomic nervous system is involved in immunomodulatory myocarditis processes. Heart rate reduction treatment is recommended in myocarditis based on a number of animal experiments and clinical trials. It is possible that heart rate-lowering treatments can help to attenuate the inflammatory response and myocyte injury and reverse ventricular remodeling. However, how to execute the protective effects of heart rate reduction on myocarditis is still not clear. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis and pathophysiological process of viral myocarditis and propose heart rate lowering as a therapeutic target for myocarditis, especially in light of the third-generation β-blockade carvedilol and funny channel blocker ivabradine. We also highlight some additional beneficial effects of such heart rate reduction agents, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, anti-nitrosative stress, anti-fibrosis and antiapoptosis properties.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Reduction Strategy Improves Survival in Children with Severe Dilated Cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. S122
Author(s):  
R. Adorisio ◽  
E. Mencarelli ◽  
N. Cantarutti ◽  
L. Amato ◽  
M. Ciabattini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Heart Rate Reduction ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Reduction Strategy

scholarly journals Convergence and quasi-optimal cost of adaptive algorithms for nonlinear operators including iterative linearization and algebraic solver

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Haberl ◽  
Dirk Praetorius ◽  
Stefan Schimanko ◽  
Martin Vohralík
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Algorithm ◽  
Adaptive Mesh Refinement ◽  
Elliptic Boundary ◽  
Mesh Refinement ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Picard Iteration ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Stopping Criteria ◽  
Element Discretization ◽  
Fully Adaptive

AbstractWe consider a second-order elliptic boundary value problem with strongly monotone and Lipschitz-continuous nonlinearity. We design and study its adaptive numerical approximation interconnecting a finite element discretization, the Banach–Picard linearization, and a contractive linear algebraic solver. In particular, we identify stopping criteria for the algebraic solver that on the one hand do not request an overly tight tolerance but on the other hand are sufficient for the inexact (perturbed) Banach–Picard linearization to remain contractive. Similarly, we identify suitable stopping criteria for the Banach–Picard iteration that leave an amount of linearization error that is not harmful for the residual a posteriori error estimate to steer reliably the adaptive mesh-refinement. For the resulting algorithm, we prove a contraction of the (doubly) inexact iterates after some amount of steps of mesh-refinement/linearization/algebraic solver, leading to its linear convergence. Moreover, for usual mesh-refinement rules, we also prove that the overall error decays at the optimal rate with respect to the number of elements (degrees of freedom) added with respect to the initial mesh. Finally, we prove that our fully adaptive algorithm drives the overall error down with the same optimal rate also with respect to the overall algorithmic cost expressed as the cumulated sum of the number of mesh elements over all mesh-refinement, linearization, and algebraic solver steps. Numerical experiments support these theoretical findings and illustrate the optimal overall algorithmic cost of the fully adaptive algorithm on several test cases.

scholarly journals Mutually unbiased bases and symmetric informationally complete measurements in Bell experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. eabc3847
Author(s):  
Armin Tavakoli ◽  
Máté Farkas ◽  
Denis Rosset ◽  
Jean-Daniel Bancal ◽  
Jedrzej Kaniewski
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Random Number Generation ◽  
Bell Inequalities ◽  
Extremal Point ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Quantum Nonlocality ◽  
Space Structures ◽  
Mutually Unbiased Bases ◽  
Practical Relevance

Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) and symmetric informationally complete projectors (SICs) are crucial to many conceptual and practical aspects of quantum theory. Here, we develop their role in quantum nonlocality by (i) introducing families of Bell inequalities that are maximally violated by d-dimensional MUBs and SICs, respectively, (ii) proving device-independent certification of natural operational notions of MUBs and SICs, and (iii) using MUBs and SICs to develop optimal-rate and nearly optimal-rate protocols for device-independent quantum key distribution and device-independent quantum random number generation, respectively. Moreover, we also present the first example of an extremal point of the quantum set of correlations that admits physically inequivalent quantum realizations. Our results elaborately demonstrate the foundational and practical relevance of the two most important discrete Hilbert space structures to the field of quantum nonlocality.

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