Single Image Façade Segmentation and Computational Rephotography of House Images Using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dilawar Ali ◽  
Steven Verstockt ◽  
Nico Van De Weghe
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
Over Time

Rephotography is the process of recapturing the photograph of a location from the same perspective in which it was captured earlier. A rephotographed image is the best presentation to visualize and study the social changes of a location over time. Traditionally, only expert artists and photographers are capable of generating the rephotograph of any specific location. Manual editing or human eye judgment that is considered for generating rephotographs normally requires a lot of precision, effort and is not always accurate. In the era of computer science and deep learning, computer vision techniques make it easier and faster to perform precise operations to an image. Until now many research methodologies have been proposed for rephotography but none of them is fully automatic. Some of these techniques require manual input by the user or need multiple images of the same location with 3D point cloud data while others are only suggestions to the user to perform rephotography. In historical records/archives most of the time we can find only one 2D image of a certain location. Computational rephotography is a challenge in the case of using only one image of a location captured at different timestamps because it is difficult to find the accurate perspective of a single 2D historical image. Moreover, in the case of building rephotography, it is required to maintain the alignments and regular shape. The features of a building may change over time and in most of the cases, it is not possible to use a features detection algorithm to detect the key features. In this research paper, we propose a methodology to rephotograph house images by combining deep learning and traditional computer vision techniques. The purpose of this research is to rephotograph an image of the past based on a single image. This research will be helpful not only for computer scientists but also for history and cultural heritage research scholars to study the social changes of a location during a specific time period, and it will allow users to go back in time to see how a specific place looked in the past. We have achieved good, fully automatic rephotographed results based on façade segmentation using only a single image.

Introduction

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Albjerg Graham
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
School Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Musical Scores ◽  
American Children ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Schools in America have danced to different drummers during their long history. Sometimes the drumbeat demanded rigidity in all programs; sometimes it wanted academic learning for only a few. Sometimes it encouraged unleashing children’s creativity, not teaching them facts. Sometimes it wanted children to solve the social problems, such as racial segregation, adults could not handle. Sometimes it tacitly supported some schools as warehouses, not instructional facilities. Sometimes it sought schooling to be the equalizer in a society in which the gap between rich and poor was growing. Sometimes the principal purpose of schooling seemed to be teaching citizenship and developing habits of work appropriate for a democratic society, while at other times its purpose seemed to be preparation for employment, which needed the same habits of work but also some academic skills. Now, the drumbeat demands that all children achieve academically at a high level and the measure of that achievement is tests. The rhythm and tempo of the drumbeats have shifted relatively frequently, but the schools have not adjusted to the new musical scores with alacrity. They are typically just beginning to master the previous drummers’ music when new drummers appear. Many, though not all, of the new beats have been improvements both for the children and for the nation. All drummers have sought literacy in English for American children, though very modest literacy levels have been acceptable in the past. Drummers have always sought a few students who attained high levels of academic achievement, including children from disparate social, economic, and racial backgrounds. Beyond that consensus, however, what we have wanted from schooling has changed dramatically over time. These expectations for schools typically have been expressed through criticisms—often virulent—of current school practices, and the responses that followed inevitably were slower and less complete than the most ardent critics demanded. These are the shifting assignments given to schools. The following chapters of this book describe these shifting assignments given to schools and then to colleges during the last century: “Assimilation: 1900– 1920”; “Adjustment: 1920–1954”; “Access: 1954–1983”; and “Achievement: 1983–Present.”

The ‘land–family bond’ in East Sussex, c. 1580–1770

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID R. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Demographic Context ◽  
Over Time

This article contributes to debates over the ‘land–family bond’ in Early Modern England, in which social historians have engaged periodically during the past decade. It examines the work of Jane Whittle, Govind Sreenivasen and Alan Macfarlane and adds new archival evidence from my own study of three East Sussex villages, circa 1580–1770. Its focus is on the factors that influenced the land–family bond over time. It argues that a more nuanced understanding of individual tenant behaviour during this period cannot be reached without also charting the social, economic and demographic context in which such behaviour operated.

scholarly journals Confession and the Cultural Turn: Revising the Historical Critique of Lídia Jorge’s The Murmuring Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Historical Fiction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Historiography ◽  
Cultural Turn ◽  
Over Time

Lídia Jorge’s A costa dos murmúrios (1988) has been primarily theorized as a subversion of historical discourse. Similar to a number of Jorge’s examinations of social changes emerging as the Estado Novo declined, the novel juxtaposes two competing versions of the past, in this case a fictional representation of the colonial wars and a woman’s testimonial account twenty years later. This article reconsiders the novel’s status as historical deconstruction, arguing that its oral and visual strategies instead correspond to the methodology of cultural historiography that emerged during the 1970s and 1980s. Expanding Helena Kaufman’s reading of the testimonial as “deliterarization,” I analyze how a slippage of critical terminology over time has equated historical fiction with narrative history. After examining the competing agendas of cultural history and literary postmodernism, I demonstrate how reconceiving Jorge’s historical “annulment” as a productive revision of fiction provides a model of complementary history facilitating interdisciplinary engagement.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for Visual SLAM in Transportation Robotics: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Chao Duan ◽  
Steffen Junginger ◽  
Jiahao Huang ◽  
Kairong Jin ◽  
Kerstin Thurow
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Visual Slam ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Challenging Environment

Abstract Visual SLAM (Simultaneously Localization and Mapping) is a solution to achieve localization and mapping of robots simultaneously. Significant achievements have been made during the past decades, geography-based methods are becoming more and more successful in dealing with static environments. However, they still cannot handle a challenging environment. With the great achievements of deep learning methods in the field of computer vision, there is a trend of applying deep learning methods to visual SLAM. In this paper, the latest research progress of deep learning applied to the field of visual SLAM is reviewed. The outstanding research results of deep learning visual odometry and deep learning loop closure detect are summarized. Finally, future development directions of visual SLAM based on deep learning is prospected.

Hidden Within, Imported from Without

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Leite
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Category ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Portuguese Society ◽  
Over Time

This chapter pursues two interrelated aims. The first is to track the complex social category of being Jewish in Portugal across centuries, teasing apart its various meanings and subcategories over time. For to be “Jewish” in Portugal is no straightforward matter: while the social category “Jews” (judeus) has existed in Portuguese society for well over a millennium, its meaning has varied continuously over the past five hundred years. In addition, the chapter aims to provide the broad historical context—as recorded by historians and as remembered by diverse stakeholders in the present—for the emergence and rapid growth of urban Marrano associations in the late 1990s and 2000s.

Schizophrenia—A Hundred Years Ago and Today

1961 ◽  
Vol 107 (450) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin S. Klaf ◽  
John G. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Search For Information

Have there been changes in the clinical picture of schizophrenic illness over the past hundred years? Or, to put the question more precisely, are the schizophrenic patients of the 1950s any different phenomenologically from their counterparts in the 1850s?Recent studies (4, 5, 9, 14, 20) have aimed at determining the presence or absence of an increased incidence of psychosis in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Opinion is evenly divided as to whether the social changes of the twentieth century have significantly altered the epidemiology of psychotic illness. In spite of an increasing preoccupation with social psychiatry (13), the psychiatric literature is silent on the vital question “Have the changes of the past hundred years altered the clinical picture of schizophrenic illness itself?”The present study, comparing a selected group of schizophrenics of both sexes from the 1850s and 1950s, begins the search for information on the change or lack of change in this important condition over the past hundred years.

Ladders and Bushes: The Problem of Caseloads and Studying Court Activities over Time

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Social Development Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Over Time

The “litigation explosion” has been a frequent topic of concern in both academic circles and the popular press. This idea draws its polemical power from the assumption that litigation rates were lower in the past. But we presently know little about long-term trends in court activity. This article is a critical review of the existing literature on long-term litigation trends and the social development model which scholars have posited to explain changes in litigation patterns. Whether courts are indeed facing imminent crisis because of an explosion is still very much an open question; the extant literature offers no proof of an explosion. The available data do suggest, however, that previous studies may have been overly optimistic in expecting litigation trends to follow any single pattern. The questions about litigation rates will remain open until we are able to gain a fuller understanding of the trends in court activity over time.

Intersecting Generations: Burying the Old in a Neolithic Hunter-fisher Community

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Fahlander
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Past ◽  
Composite Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle ◽  
Over Time

This article explores the potential of studying the social dimensions of old age and aged bodies in the past. Because old age is relative to life-expectancy figures, diet and lifestyle, calendric years are avoided when defining old age. Instead a composite approach is advocated that includes, for example, traces of wear and joint diseases to identify a threshold between adulthood and a period of seniority. The approach is applied to the Middle Neolithic burial ground Ajvide on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. Eleven individuals (six men, five women, or 18 per cent of the 62 analysed burials) are regarded as ‘aged bodies’. At Ajvide a majority of these individuals are buried in graves that overlap earlier burials containing younger individuals of the same sex. It is argued that this pattern is due to eschatological ideas of ‘generational merging’ of bodies. This practice changes over time, which is suggested to be a part of the overall hybridization processes at the site.

scholarly journals Pedestrian and Vehicle Detection in Autonomous Vehicle Perception Systems—A Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7267
Author(s):  
Luiz G. Galvao ◽  
Maysam Abbod ◽  
Tatiana Kalganova ◽  
Vasile Palade ◽  
Md Nazmul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perception System ◽  
Good Detection

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have the potential to solve many traffic problems, such as accidents, congestion and pollution. However, there are still challenges to overcome, for instance, AVs need to accurately perceive their environment to safely navigate in busy urban scenarios. The aim of this paper is to review recent articles on computer vision techniques that can be used to build an AV perception system. AV perception systems need to accurately detect non-static objects and predict their behaviour, as well as to detect static objects and recognise the information they are providing. This paper, in particular, focuses on the computer vision techniques used to detect pedestrians and vehicles. There have been many papers and reviews on pedestrians and vehicles detection so far. However, most of the past papers only reviewed pedestrian or vehicle detection separately. This review aims to present an overview of the AV systems in general, and then review and investigate several detection computer vision techniques for pedestrians and vehicles. The review concludes that both traditional and Deep Learning (DL) techniques have been used for pedestrian and vehicle detection; however, DL techniques have shown the best results. Although good detection results have been achieved for pedestrians and vehicles, the current algorithms still struggle to detect small, occluded, and truncated objects. In addition, there is limited research on how to improve detection performance in difficult light and weather conditions. Most of the algorithms have been tested on well-recognised datasets such as Caltech and KITTI; however, these datasets have their own limitations. Therefore, this paper recommends that future works should be implemented on more new challenging datasets, such as PIE and BDD100K.

The Changing Nature of Consent

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Trathen
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Philosophical Basis ◽  
Foundational Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Philosophical Standpoint ◽  
Over Time

Consent is a foundational principle of medical and dental ethics. The importance of the concept has changed over time and it is now viewed as more important than it has ever been, both within the profession and by wider society. This article looks at the nature of consent historically, the changes it has undergone, and some of the contemporary challenges in this area. The philosophical basis of consent is considered, looking at two lines of thought relating to autonomy and prevention of harm. The difficulty and appropriateness of providing ‘fully-informed’ consent is then considered along with some of the modern problems relating to consumerist culture, and the social changes that have caused them. By looking at consent from a social and philosophical standpoint, we can broaden our thinking to give context to the day-to-day practicalities of obtaining consent in practice. These practicalities are addressed in subsequent articles within this issue of the Primary Dental Journal.

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