Early Deprivation Revisited: Contemporary Studies of the Impact on Young Children of Institutional Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan R. Gunnar ◽  
Brie M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Neuroendocrine Regulation ◽  
Early Deprivation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Impact

There is clear evidence that early deprivation in the form of early institutional care affects children both immediately and long after they are removed from the institution. This article reviews the modern literature on the impact of institutional care from animal models to longitudinal studies in humans. Importantly, we examine the current understanding of neuroendocrine regulation in the context of early deprivation. We discuss the opportunities and limitations of studying the effects of deprivation in previously institutionalized children, review behavioral findings and related neurobiological studies, and address the physical health ramifications of institutional care. Finally, we touch on future directions for both science and intervention.

The impact of institutionalization on child development

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIM MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Canadian Study ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Early Deprivation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conceptual Difficulties

During the past 10 years researchers studying children adopted from Romanian orphanages have had the opportunity to revisit developmental questions regarding the impact of early deprivation on child development. In the present paper the effects of deprivation are examined by reviewing both the early and more recent literature on studies of children who spent the first few years of life in institutions. Special attention is given to the Canadian study of Romanian adoptees in which the author has been involved. Findings across time and studies are consistent in showing the negative impact of institutionalization on all aspects of children's development (intellectual, physical, behavioral, and social–emotional). Results of studies show, however, that institutionalization, although a risk factor for less optimal development, does not doom a child to psychopathology. However, the impact of institutionalization is greater when coupled with risk factors in the postinstitutional environment. Methodological and conceptual difficulties in research with institutionalized samples of children are discussed and future directions for research are considered.

Esophageal Atresia: Future Directions for Research on the Digestive Tract

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Rommel ◽  
Jan Tack ◽  
Jan Deprest ◽  
Karel Allegaert ◽  
Maissa Rayyan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Medical Morbidity ◽  
Function Assessment

AbstractEsophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital malformation defined by the discontinuity of the esophagus occurring in 2.4 in 10,000 births. As survival rates are high, the significant medical morbidity became more relevant. Short-term and long-term morbidities involve the respiratory and gastrointestinal system in the majority of the patients. The impact of this morbidity seems large enough to inspire researchers to develop experimental animal models that may help understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology. These models can also be used to explore potential surgical therapies. We reviewed the clinical and experimental literature focusing on esophageal morbidity in EA. Although the consequences of esophageal motility disorders are very relevant in the clinical setting, research remains largely underexplored. Consequently, we suggest integrating motility function assessment in the existing research models.

scholarly journals Threat to Citrus in a Global Pollinator Decline Scenario: Current Understanding of Its Pollination Requirements and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhankar Gurung ◽  
Arun Chettri
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Pollinator Decline ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Colony Collapse ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Impact

Pollinators are vital for world biodiversity and their contribution to agricultural productivity is immense. Pollinators are globally declining with reports such as colony collapse being documented. Citrus exhibits a varying degree of pollination requirements due to its vast cultivars being developed all the time. The article intends to understand the breeding system of a few commercially important Citrus groups and discern its dependency on pollination services. The threat related to pollinator decline to the Citrus industry is measured not only by its reliance on pollinators but also the requirement of the consumers and manufacturers who mostly seek seedless varieties. Therefore, the threat can be tackled by developing high-quality seedless varieties where pollination requirement is absent. Although the importance of pollinators on several self-incompatible varieties cannot be negated, the impact of pollinator decline on its production will entirely depend upon the demand of the market.

scholarly journals Neuroactive Steroids in Schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanina Shulman ◽  
Philip G Tibbo
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with a complicated pathophysiology, involving many biochemical abnormalities in the brain. Because neuroactive steroids (NASs) modulate neurotransmitter systems that are implicated in the pathology of schizophrenia, recent research has focused on examining the role that NASs play in the illness. Although research in this area is relatively new, it appears that NASs may potentially be implicated in the pathophysiology of the illness. This paper reviews the current understanding of NASs, the research literature on NASs in schizophrenia and in animal models of the illness (including the effects of antipsychotic medication on NASs) and on the potential antipsychotic role of NASs themselves and, finally, discusses future directions for this area of schizophrenia research.

Translating Principles of Speech Science to Clinical Practice: Current and Future Trends in Craniofacial Disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opinion Article

Abstract The purpose of this opinion article is to review the impact of the principles and technology of speech science on clinical practice in the area of craniofacial disorders. Current practice relative to (a) speech aerodynamic assessment, (b) computer-assisted single-word speech intelligibility testing, and (c) behavioral management of hypernasal resonance are reviewed. Future directions and/or refinement of each area are also identified. It is suggested that both challenging and rewarding times are in store for clinical researchers in craniofacial disorders.

The Impact of Classroom on the Attitudes and Actions of Young Children

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Baray ◽  
Stephen Wright ◽  
Jane Friesen ◽  
Jasmina Arifovic ◽  
Lisa Giamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
The Impact

The impact of Hurricane Katrina on Young Children

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Moore ◽  
Kristin Callahan ◽  
Tonya C. Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
The Impact

The impact of economic crisis on mental and physical health in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
S. Tomassi ◽  
M. Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Summary Background: The global crisis that began in 2007 has been the most prolonged economic recession since 1929. It has caused worldwide tangible costs in terms of cuts in employment and income, which have been widely recognised also as major social determinants of mental health (1, 2). The so-called “Great Recession” has disproportionately affected the most vulnerable part of society of the whole Eurozone (3). Across Europe, an increase in suicides and deaths rates due to mental and behavioural disorders was reported among those who lost their jobs, houses and economic activities as a consequence of the crisis.

Improving Outcomes for Young Children By Mitigating the Impact of Toxic Stress and Trauma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 154A-154A
Author(s):  
Blythe Berger ◽  
Ronald Seifer ◽  
Ailis Clyne
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Toxic Stress ◽  
The Impact
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