Insect-Resistant Genetically Engineered Crops in China: Development, Application, and Prospects for Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhe Li ◽  
Eric M. Hallerman ◽  
Kongming Wu ◽  
Yufa Peng
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Insect Resistant

With 20% of the world's population but just 7% of the arable land, China has invested heavily in crop biotechnology to increase agricultural productivity. We examine research on insect-resistant genetically engineered (IRGE) crops in China, including strategies to promote their sustainable use. IRGE cotton, rice, and corn lines have been developed and proven efficacious for controlling lepidopteran crop pests. Ecological impact studies have demonstrated conservation of natural enemies of crop pests and halo suppression of crop-pest populations on a local scale. Economic, social, and human health effects are largely positive and, in the case of Bt cotton, have proven sustainable over 20 years of commercial production. Wider adoption of IRGE crops in China is constrained by relatively limited innovation capacity, public misperception, and regulatory inaction, suggesting the need for further financial investment in innovation and greater scientific engagement with the public. The Chinese experience with Bt cotton might inform adoption of other Bt crops in China and other developing countries.

An Expert Ranked List of Pro-nature Conservation Behaviours for Public Use

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Barbett ◽  
Edward Stupple ◽  
Michael Sweet ◽  
Miles Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ranked List

The planet is facing an anthropogenic mass extinction of wildlife, which will have a grave impact on the environment and humans. Widespread human action is needed to minimize the negative impact of humans on biodiversity and support the restoration of wildlife. In order to find effective ways to promote pro-nature conservation behaviours to the general population, there is a need to provide a list of behaviours which will have worthwhile ecological impact and are worth encouraging. In a novel collaboration between psychologists and ecologists, 70 experts from practical and academic conservation backgrounds were asked to review and rate 48 conservation related behaviours. According to their judgement, this short paper presents a ranked list of pro-nature conservation behaviours for the public in the UK and similar landscapes. This includes behaviours people can engage in in their homes, their gardens, on their land, and in their roles as citizens.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Research of Information Support of Sustainable Agricultural Landscapes Formation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Creation

Purpose. To characterize the methodological approaches that we develop in the formation of a system of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes and to show the results of their implementation on the example of the territory of some agricultural enterprises of the Kharkiv region. Methods. Cartographic, geoinformation analysis, calculation, statistical and mathematical. Results. Some results of the work of the collective on the issues of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes. Namely, verification of erosion models, studies of the functionality of shelter belts, the formation of an agroeconet (an extensive network of natural and quasi-natural landscapes) on agricultural land massifs, which ensures the maintenance of stable functioning of meso and macrolevel agrolandscapes, as well as the experience of using magnetic prospecting methods to verify the results of mathematical modeling of erosion processes. Conclusions. A number of methodological approaches to information support of the formation of sustainable agricultural landscapes in the natural and socio-economic conditions of Ukraine have been developed. They relate to the functioning of anti-erosion measures of permanent action, the processes of modern transformation of agro-landscapes, the ecological impact of erosion processes on the environment. The connection between the length of forest belts per unit of arable land and soil erosion is shown. A methodical approach has been developed to estimate the amount of soil washed away from arable land and to calculate the measures necessary to eliminate its harmful effects on the environment.

scholarly journals Implementation of the principle of sale and purchase transactions through MLM in Brand Branch (BC) PT. Herba Penawar Alwahida Indonesia (HPAI) Tanjungbalai

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 3376-3385
Author(s):  
Asmuni Asmuni ◽  
Syahnan Syahnan ◽  
Asyura Asyura
Keyword(s):  
Food Product ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
Product Certification ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Used Goods ◽  
Current Reality

Products are "goods and / or services related to food, beverages, drugs, cosmetics, chemical products, biological products, genetically engineered products, as well as used goods that are used, used or utilized by the public", while the halal certificate is a certificate issued by the Central or Provincial MUI regarding the case of a food product, foodstuff, beverage and medicine and cosmetics produced by the company after being examined and declared halal by an institution authorized to issue a halal product certification. In Article 4 of Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning the guarantee of halal products it states that "Products that enter, circulate and are traded in the territory of Indonesia must be certified halal". Normatively, the article clearly stipulates that drugs that enter, circulate and are traded in the territory of Indonesia must be guaranteed halal. However, the halal certification process for medicines in Indonesia is waiting for a long time due to various dynamics, this is the content of researchers seeing the gap between Law Number 33 of 2014 and the current reality, we should be able to reflect on other countries as well. Which is more advanced than Indonesia regarding halal certification?

Public Information Service for the Disadvantaged in China’s Towns

2013 ◽  
pp. 182-199
Author(s):  
Jianbin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Distribution

This study uses the methods of questionnaire and group discussion to conduct field research in A and B towns, which are located in the eastern developed region and the western undeveloped region of China, respectively. According to comparative study on the status of providing public information service for the disadvantaged between A and B towns, the author finds that the public in A town are superior to the ones in B in terms of information literacy, public information service expenditure, and satisfaction rate of public information service. Similarities exist in terms of differences in accessing public information service between town and village, among social groups, and the causes resulting in imbalance of public information service and features of the information-poor’s group distribution. The author discusses the differences in development policies between city and village, as well as differences in financial investment of public information service, education, and individual’s income level between A and B towns.

Urban Green Innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Capacity

This chapter has the objective to analyze the elements of urban green innovation based on the guarantee the public interest, decentralize the infrastructure to democratize the territory, and innovating the institutional design to address the complexity of the challenges in the city. The method employed is the critical analysis supported by a review of the literature and consult to experts in the field. It is concluded that the urban green innovation capacity planning has a critical role in urban innovation development in specific areas of economic growth, social inclusion and equality, environmental sustainability, health, education, business, etc. To achieve these aims, urban green innovation requires to guarantee the public interest, the democratization of the territory, and the new institutional design.

Public Information Service for the Disadvantaged in China's Towns

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jianbin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Distribution

This study uses the methods of questionnaire and group discussion to conduct field research in A and B towns, which are located in the eastern developed region and the western undeveloped region of China, respectively. According to comparative study on the status of providing public information service for the disadvantaged between A and B towns, the author finds that the public in A town are superior to the ones in B in terms of information literacy, public information service expenditure, and satisfaction rate of public information service. Similarities exist in terms of differences in accessing public information service between town and village, among social groups, and the causes resulting in imbalance of public information service and features of the information-poor’s group distribution. The author discusses the differences in development policies between city and village, as well as differences in financial investment of public information service, education, and individual’s income level between A and B towns.

Territory Democratization and Institutional Design in Urban Green Innovation

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Capacity

This chapter has the objective to analyze the elements of urban green innovation based on the guarantee of the public interest to decentralize the infrastructure to democratize the territory and innovate the institutional design to address the complexity of the challenges in the city. The method employed is the critical analysis supported by a review of the literature and consultation of experts in the field. It is concluded that the urban green innovation capacity planning has a critical role in urban innovation development in specific areas of economic growth, social inclusion and equality, environmental sustainability, health, education, business, etc. To achieve these aims, urban green innovation requires one to guarantee the public interest, the democratization of the territory, and the new institutional design.

Commercialising genetically engineered animal biomedical products

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie J. Sullivan ◽  
Jerry Pommer ◽  
James M. Robl
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cell Banking ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Founder Animal

Research over the past two decades has increased the quality and quantity of tools available to produce genetically engineered animals. The number of potentially viable biomedical products from genetically engineered animals is increasing. However, moving from cutting-edge research to development and commercialisation of a biomedical product that is useful and wanted by the public has significant challenges. Even early stage development of genetically engineered animal applications requires consideration of many steps, including quality assurance and quality control, risk management, gap analysis, founder animal establishment, cell banking, sourcing of animals and animal-derived material, animal facilities, product collection facilities and processing facilities. These steps are complicated and expensive. Biomedical applications of genetically engineered animals have had some recent successes and many applications are well into development. As researchers consider applications for their findings, having a realistic understanding of the steps involved in the development and commercialisation of a product, produced in genetically engineered animals, is useful in determining the risk of genetic modification to the animal v. the potential public benefit of the application.

Issues in agricultural and environmental biotechnology: identifying and comparing biotechnology issues from public opinion surveys, the popular press and technical/regulatory sources

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hagedorn ◽  
Susan Allender-Hagedorn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Biotechnology ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
The Social ◽  
Genetically Engineered Foods ◽  
International Aspects

The formation of public perceptions of science is a very complex and problematic process, but a major factor is the information that is available and presented most frequently to the public. Issues of public concern over agricultural and environmental biotechnology were identified from opinion surveys, the popular press and technical/regulatory sources. A frequency index based on content analysis was used to rank issues within categories of genetically engineered foods, plants, animals and microorganisms; and the social/legal, risk assessment/regulation, science education and international aspects. These issues were compared to those similarly identified from scientific/regulatory sources. Results revealed that the scientific/regulatory communities have dealt primarily with one subset of issues (research oriented), while the public is largely concerned with a different subset (issues of ethics, safety and value). This paper describes each issue in detail, and the implications of the two subsets of issues are briefly discussed.

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