Territory Democratization and Institutional Design in Urban Green Innovation

Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández

This chapter has the objective to analyze the elements of urban green innovation based on the guarantee of the public interest to decentralize the infrastructure to democratize the territory and innovate the institutional design to address the complexity of the challenges in the city. The method employed is the critical analysis supported by a review of the literature and consultation of experts in the field. It is concluded that the urban green innovation capacity planning has a critical role in urban innovation development in specific areas of economic growth, social inclusion and equality, environmental sustainability, health, education, business, etc. To achieve these aims, urban green innovation requires one to guarantee the public interest, the democratization of the territory, and the new institutional design.

Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández

This chapter has the objective to analyze the elements of urban green innovation based on the guarantee the public interest, decentralize the infrastructure to democratize the territory, and innovating the institutional design to address the complexity of the challenges in the city. The method employed is the critical analysis supported by a review of the literature and consult to experts in the field. It is concluded that the urban green innovation capacity planning has a critical role in urban innovation development in specific areas of economic growth, social inclusion and equality, environmental sustainability, health, education, business, etc. To achieve these aims, urban green innovation requires to guarantee the public interest, the democratization of the territory, and the new institutional design.


Author(s):  
José G Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Karina Pallagst

This article analyzes the elements of urban green innovation based on the public interest, decentralizing the infrastructure to democratize the territory and innovating the institutional design to address the complexity of the challenges in cities. The method employed is the critical analysis supported by a review of the literature and consulting experts in the field. It is concluded that the urban green innovation capacity planning has a critical role in urban innovation development in specific areas of economic growth, social inclusion and equality, environmental sustainability, health, education, business, etc. To achieve these aims the propose actions are required.


Author(s):  
Jose Vargas-Hernandez

This chapter analyzes the elements of an environmentally sustainable regional trade and development under the NAFTA based on the decentralization of the infrastructure. The author assesses how the democratization of the territory and innovations in the sphere of institutional design address the complexity of the trade and development challenges. The method employed is the critical analysis supported by a review of the literature and consultation with the experts in the field. It is concluded that the environmentally sustainable capacity planning has a critical role in regional innovation development in specific areas of regional trade and development, economic growth, social inclusion and equality, environmental sustainability, health, education, and business. To achieve these aims, environmentally sustainable regional trade and development require the democratization of the territory and the new institutional design.


2020 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mario Engler Pinto Junior

<p><span>The public interest of Brazilian mixed-capital company: approach to US benefit corporations</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>RESUMO<br />O artigo faz um paralelo entre a figura da benefit corporation do direito norte-americano e a sociedade de economia mista brasileira, com o propósito de apontar semelhanças entre as duas estruturas societárias e lançar luzes sobre a racionalidade das soluções de governança adotadas em cada caso. A reflexão resgata inicialmente o conceito de interesse da companhia, destacando sua relevância como referencial jurídico para se aferir a legitimidade das decisões empresariais. Observa-se ainda que o entendimento sobre o tema varia conforme a abordagem teórica adotada, podendo se resumir na maximização dos lucros para partilha entre os sócios, ou combinar o atendimento a outros interesses não financeiros. Por sua vez, os desafios e soluções em matéria de governança corporativa também variam em função da amplitude do escopo atribuído à companhia. A benefit corporation procura combinar a consecução de algum objetivo de interesse público com a manutenção da finalidade lucrativa. A existência do escopo mais amplo permite questionar a adequação do desenho institucional para lidar com os conflitos inerentes ao novo tipo societário. Além disso, propicia uma análise comparativa com o modelo de sociedade de economia mista no direito brasileiro, que também está imbuída de uma missão pública, cuja consecução não afasta a necessidade de remunerar adequadamente o investimento acionário. Conclui-se que algumas medidas contidas na Lei nº 13.303/2016, para fortalecer o controle e gestão das empresas estatais brasileiras, guardam simetria com o tratamento aplicável às benefit corporation no direito norte-americano.</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>ABSTRACT<br />The paper compares benefit corporations in the US with mixed-capital corporations in Brazil, in order to point the similarities and differences between both corporate structures. The paper also intends to shed light on the rationale of the governance solutions adopted in each case. The paper restates the concept of company’s interest and highlights it as a key legal reference for assessing the legitimacy of business decisions. Different readings of this concept are likely to translate into markedly different positions, from holding that the idea of interest refers solely to the purpose of profit maximization on behalf of shareholders to affirming the need to simultaneously accomplishing non-financial goals interests. The challenges and solutions concerning corporate governance also vary according to the extent of the corporation’s scope. Benefit corporations in the US seek to </span><span>simultaneously attain some goal of public interest and make profit for </span><span>its shareholders. The existence of a broader scope allows questioning </span><span>the suitability of their institutional design to deal with conflicts that are </span><span>inherent to this new corporate type. Their structure invites a comparison </span><span>to State owned enterprise (SOE) in Brazil. According to Brazilian Law, a </span><span>company controlled by the State is invested with a public mission while </span><span>needing to assure proper return to shareholders’ investment. The paper </span><span>concludes that some measures adopted by Brazilian Law No. 13.303/2016, </span><span>for strengthening the corporate governance of Brazilian SOE’s are similar </span><span>the U.S. Model Benefit Corporation Legislation (MBCL) concerning benefit </span><span>corporations.</span></p>


2021 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Karina Pallagst ◽  
Jessica Davalos

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802092783
Author(s):  
Glen Searle ◽  
Crystal Legacy

In Western liberal democracies the planning of mega transport infrastructure projects is guided by public interest claims typically expressed through legislation and political mandates. But with the infrastructure boom being observed in many cities since the Global Financial Crisis, and the need to address unprecedented levels of urbanisation, the level of politicisation directed at infrastructure projects draws attention to how the public interest is treated in the planning and management of complex mega transport infrastructure projects in diverse local contexts. Looking to Sydney, an advanced neoliberal city building the largest transport infrastructure project in Australian history, we examine how public interest is asserted in a way that reinforces legitimacy of the process and consensus for the project. Under these conditions, planners fail or are unwilling to raise additional or new public interest issues. The vagaries of public interest mean that in being open to interpretation the public interest can be easily captured by the interests of capital and of ruling politicians. This raises important questions for urban studies about the role governments and, in particular, public-sector planners can play in advocating for actually existing public interest issues such as environmental sustainability without it amounting to just rhetoric with no follow through.


This chapter is aimed to analyze the relationships between environmental sustainability, urban ecosystems, and green innovation. The method employed is the critical analytical review of literature and further discussion on the issues focusing the city´s experience on managing the formulation, generation, development, implementation and evaluation of new behaviors and ideas in green innovation. It is concluded that the green innovation is directly related with the environmental sustainability and urban ecosystems. The interest of this analysis lies in providing support to urban settlements in managing the risks inherent in green area innovation, incremental or radical as a community’s management would experience in relation to the environmental sustainability in urban ecosystems.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6380
Author(s):  
Filippo Carlo Pavesi ◽  
Anna Richiedei ◽  
Michele Pezzagno

Sand and gravel quarry planning must guarantee the public interest in the procurement of raw materials while ensuring environmental sustainability. An Analyzing Planning Support System for sand and gravel quarry plan can assist decision-makers during the planning process. The proposed Analyzing PSS uses integrating geologic, economic, environmental, and geographic information to quantify raw materials and the size of quarries. This kind of tool is useful to support public authority decisions. The study provides the results of an experience conducted in the province of Brescia (NUT 3 in Northern Italy).


1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia W. Ingraham ◽  
Carolyn Ban

This analysis examines existing models of career bureaucrat and political appointee relationships and asks: to what extent is the broader purpose of public service for both politicals and careerists considered? Because most current models focus on career responsibilities, but exclude the special public responsibilities of political managers, a new “Public Service Model” is proposed. The new-model proposes a joint political-career commitment to serving the public interest and a heightened recognition of the value of both sets of public executives. Both have a critical role to play in democratic policy processes; joint action and cooperation are essential to effective governance.


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