scholarly journals Multiscale Patterning from Competing Interactions and Length Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
A.R. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Competing Interactions ◽  
Multiphysics Modeling ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
And Control

We live in a research era marked by impressive new tools powering the scientific method to accelerate the discovery, prediction, and control of increasingly complex systems. In common with many disciplines and societal challenges and opportunities, materials and condensed matter sciences are beneficiaries. The volume and fidelity of experimental, computational, and visualization data available, and tools to rapidly interpret them, are remarkable. Conceptual frameworks, including multiscale, multiphysics modeling of this complexity, are fueled by the data and, in turn, guide directions for future experimental and computational strategies. In this spirit, I discuss the importance of competing interactions, length scales, and constraints as pervasive sources of spatiotemporal complexity. I use representative examples drawn from materials and condensed matter, including the important role of elasticity in some technologically important quantum materials.

Incorporating fungal community ecology into invasion biology: challenges and opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Eleonora Egidi ◽  
Ashley E Franks
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Control

Recently, the role of the plant-associated mycobiome (i.e. the fungal community) in influencing the competitive success of invasive plant species has received increasing attention. Fungi act as primary drivers of the plant invasion process due to their ability to form both beneficial and detrimental relationships with terrestrial plant species. Here we review the role of the plant mycobiome in promoting or inhibiting plant species invasion into foreign ecosystems. Moreover, the potential to exploit these relationships for invasive plant control and restoration of native communities is discussed. Incorporating fungal community ecology into invasion and restoration biology will aid in the management and control of invasive plant species in Australia.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF THE EXPLANATORY PRACTICES OF MENTALISM AND BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Moore
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Causal Explanation ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Behavior Analysts ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
Behavioral Domain ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Key Words Behavior

Mentalism is an orientation to the causal explanation of behavior in which the causes are inferred to be unobservable structures from a non-behavioral domain. Typically, the structures are held to underlie behavior, and the domain is that of “mind.” In some but not all cases, mentalism subscribes to traditional psychophysical or substance dualism. Arguments that mental explanations are at the theoretical or conceptual level fail to consider the source of the explanation in question. Behavior analysts oppose mentalism on pragmatic, rather than ontological grounds: mentalism impedes a genuine science of behavior contributing to prediction and control by misleading scientists and inducing them to accept ineffective explanations of their subject matter. Key words: behavior analysis, explanation, mentalism, scientific method, theory, verbal behavior. 

scholarly journals Thermal Transport across Solid Interfaces with Nanoscale Imperfections: Effects of Roughness, Disorder, Dislocations, and Bonding on Thermal Boundary Conductance

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Transport ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Thermal Boundary Conductance ◽  
Nanoscale Interfaces ◽  
And Control

The efficiency in modern technologies and green energy solutions has boiled down to a thermal engineering problem on the nanoscale. Due to the magnitudes of the thermal mean free paths approaching or overpassing typical length scales in nanomaterials (i.e., materials with length scales less than one micrometer), the thermal transport across interfaces can dictate the overall thermal resistance in nanosystems. However, the fundamental mechanisms driving these electron and phonon interactions at nanoscale interfaces are difficult to predict and control since the thermal boundary conductance across interfaces is intimately related to the characteristics of the interface (structure, bonding, geometry, etc.) in addition to the fundamental atomistic properties of the materials comprising the interface itself. In this paper, I review the recent experimental progress in understanding the interplay between interfacial properties on the atomic scale and thermal transport across solid interfaces. I focus this discussion specifically on the role of interfacial nanoscale “imperfections,” such as surface roughness, compositional disorder, atomic dislocations, or interfacial bonding. Each type of interfacial imperfection leads to different scattering mechanisms that can be used to control the thermal boundary conductance. This offers a unique avenue for controlling scattering and thermal transport in nanotechnology.

Prediction and Control: The Specific Role of Business Angels in the Investment Process

2022 ◽  
Vol Prépublication (0) ◽  
pp. I-XXXIII
Author(s):  
Kirsten Burkhardt-Bourgeois ◽  
Laurence Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Specific Role ◽  
Business Angels ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
And Control

On the Role of Competing Interactions in Charged Colloids with Short-Range Attraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ruiz-Franco ◽  
Emanuela Zaccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Competing Interactions ◽  
Charged Colloids ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Cluster Phase

In this review, we discuss recent advances in the investigation of colloidal systems interacting via a combination of short-range attraction and long-range repulsion. The prototypical examples of this phenomenology are charged colloids with depletion interactions, but the results apply, to a large extent, also to suspensions of globular proteins, clays, and, in general, to systems with competing attractive (hydrophobic) and repulsive (polar) contributions. After a brief introduction to the problem, we focus on the three disordered states that characterize these systems: equilibrium cluster phase, equilibrium gel, and Wigner glass of clusters. We provide a comparison of their static and dynamic observables, mainly by means of numerical simulations. Next, we discuss the few available studies on their viscoelastic properties and on their response to an external shear. Finally, we provide a summary of the current findings and also raise the main open questions and challenges for the future in this topic. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 12 is March 10, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Prediction- and Control-Based Strategies in Entrepreneurship: The Role of Information

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Kuechle ◽  
Beatrice Boulu-Reshef ◽  
Sean D. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Prediction And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Role Of Information

scholarly journals Ditlhohlo t�e Malutere a Borwa bja Afrika a lebanego nat�o

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elelwani B. Farisani
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Lutheran Theology ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Racial Lines

The challenges facing Lutherans in South(ern) Africa. This article seeks to discuss what the future appears to hold for Lutheranism in South Africa. In order to do this, it is important to look at the past through the history and involvement of Lutheranism in South Africa. This will show the strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and opportunities for Lutheran theology and the Lutheran churches in South Africa in relation to Lutheranism in its global context. Accordingly the article starts off by providing a brief history of Lutheranism in South Africa, examining the role of missionaries from Germany, Norway and Sweden in establishing Lutheranism in South Africa. The article also looks at how apartheid divided the faithful along racial lines, thereby pointing to the challenges, weaknesses, as well as the strengths of the mission of Lutheran churches in this part of Africa. It then moves on to discuss some challenges before Lutheranism in South Africa today. Some of the challenges discussed in this article are as follows: (1) efforts to unite the Black and White Lutherans have so far not succeeded, (2) the role of Lutheran theological education in equipping ministers to address current societal challenges, (3) financial sustainability, (4) African Religious Pluralism, (5) the promotion of gender sensitivity and equality amongst Lutheran congregants, (6) ethnicity and (7) the role and status of self-supporting ministry. And, finally, the article highlights few issues about the changing world of Lutheranism globally.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Moore
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Radical Behaviorism ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Methodological Behaviorism ◽  
New Science ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
And Control

Early approaches to psychology assumed that mental life was the appropriate subject matter of the new science, and that introspective verbal reports and reaction times were the appropriate methods to support inferences about that subject matter. The problem was that these early approaches were vague, unreliable, and generally ineffective. Methodological behaviorism arose as an attempt to deal with this problem by asserting that theories and explanations in psychology, as well as the concepts they deployed, should be agreed upon. The key to agreement was that psychologists should talk only about observables, although talk of mental unobservables was later permitted if they were designated as theoretical constructs that were operationally defined through their relation to observables. This later view remains prominent in traditional psychology. The radical behaviorism of B. F. Skinner’s behavior analysis offers an alternative based on a critical analysis of the behavioral sources of control over a given term. In particular, the radical behaviorist concept of private behavioral events provides a unified account of nature in behavioral terms. Key words: verbal behavior, methodological behaviorism, radical behaviorism, operationism, prediction and control, private behavioral events, covering law, scientific method 

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