scholarly journals Computational Models of Memory Search

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kahana
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Context Theory

The capacity to search memory for events learned in a particular context stands as one of the most remarkable feats of the human brain. How is memory search accomplished? First, I review the central ideas investigated by theorists developing models of memory. Then, I review select benchmark findings concerning memory search and analyze two influential computational approaches to modeling memory search: dual-store theory and retrieved context theory. Finally, I discuss the key theoretical ideas that have emerged from these modeling studies and the open questions that need to be answered by future research.

Computational Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Itti ◽  
Ali Borji
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

This chapter reviews recent progress in computational modelling of visual attention. The authors start with early concepts and models, which have emphasized stimulus-driven guidance of attention towards salient objects in the visual world. They then present a taxonomy of the many different approaches which have emerged in recent research efforts. They then turn to the more complex problem of modelling top-down, task- and goal-driven influences on attention. While early top-down models have been more qualitative in nature, the authors describe several recent fully computational approaches that address top-down biasing in space, over features, and towards objects. This chapter finally provides an outlook and describes promising future research directions.

Recent Advances on the Semi-Supervised Learning for Long Non-Coding RNA-Protein Interactions Prediction: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
Lin Zhong ◽  
Zhong Ming ◽  
Guobo Xie ◽  
Chunlong Fan ◽  
Xue Piao
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

: In recent years, more and more evidence indicates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a significant role in the development of complex biological processes, especially in RNA progressing, chromatin modification, and cell differentiation, as well as many other processes. Surprisingly, lncRNA has an inseparable relationship with human diseases such as cancer. Therefore, only by knowing more about the function of lncRNA can we better solve the problems of human diseases. However, lncRNAs need to bind to proteins to perform their biomedical functions. So we can reveal the lncRNA function by studying the relationship between lncRNA and protein. But due to the limitations of traditional experiments, researchers often use computational prediction models to predict lncRNA protein interactions. In this review, we summarize several computational models of the lncRNA protein interactions prediction base on semi-supervised learning during the past two years, and introduce their advantages and shortcomings briefly. Finally, the future research directions of lncRNA protein interaction prediction are pointed out.

Further investigations on Fujimoto type strong uniqueness polynomials

Filomat ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (16) ◽  
pp. 5203-5216
Author(s):  
Abhijit Banerjee ◽  
Bikash Chakraborty ◽  
Sanjay Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Meromorphic Functions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Uniqueness ◽  
Open Questions

Taking the question posed by the first author in [1] into background, we further exhaust-ably investigate existing Fujimoto type Strong Uniqueness Polynomial for Meromorphic functions (SUPM). We also introduce a new kind of SUPM named Restricted SUPM and exhibit some results which will give us a new direction to discuss the characteristics of a SUPM. Moreover, throughout the paper, we pose a number of open questions for future research.

scholarly journals Hepatic stellate cells: current state and open questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Kordes ◽  
Hans H. Bock ◽  
Doreen Reichert ◽  
Petra May ◽  
Dieter Häussinger
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heinrich Heine ◽  
Current State ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Sinusoidal Endothelium ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Space Of Disse

Abstract This review article summarizes 20 years of our research on hepatic stellate cells within the framework of two collaborative research centers CRC575 and CRC974 at the Heinrich Heine University. Over this period, stellate cells were identified for the first time as mesenchymal stem cells of the liver, and important functions of these cells in the context of liver regeneration were discovered. Furthermore, it was determined that the space of Disse – bounded by the sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes – functions as a stem cell niche for stellate cells. Essential elements of this niche that control the maintenance of hepatic stellate cells have been identified alongside their impairment with age. This article aims to highlight previous studies on stellate cells and critically examine and identify open questions and future research directions.

scholarly journals Sonority projection effect in French: A signal detection theory approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anahita Basirat ◽  
Cédric Patin ◽  
Jérémie Jozefowiez
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Projection Effect ◽  
Measure Sensitivity

Abstract Focusing on the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP), we investigated the extent to which adult native speakers of French are sensitive to sonority-related constraints compared to lexical attestedness. In a non-word acceptability task, participants were asked to rate the acceptability of three types of non-words using a 6-point scale: non-words with attested sonority rising onset, non-words with unattested sonority rising onset, and non-words with unattested sonority falling onset. Data analysis was done using the signal detection theory approach to measure sensitivity of participants to lexical attestedness and to phonological well-formedness (i.e., respecting or violating the SSP). The results showed that speakers distinguished well-formed and ill-formed forms even when lexical attestedness was controlled for. This is consistent with previous findings on sonority projection effects. Participants were more sensitive to lexical attestedness than phonological well-formedness. Future research using computational models should investigate mechanisms that could account for these findings, namely whether a similar result would be obtained without including any assumption about the SSP in these models.

The DEAH helicase DHX36 and its role in G-quadruplex-dependent processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Schult ◽  
Katrin Paeschke
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Nucleic Acid Structures ◽  
Dependent Processes

AbstractDHX36 is a member of the DExD/H box helicase family, which comprises a large number of proteins involved in various cellular functions. Recently, the function of DHX36 in the regulation of G-quadruplexes (G4s) was demonstrated. G4s are alternative nucleic acid structures, which influence many cellular pathways on a transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. In this review we provide an overview of the current knowledge about DHX36 structure, substrate specificity, and mechanism of action based on the available models and crystal structures. Moreover, we outline its multiple functions in cellular homeostasis, immunity, and disease. Finally, we discuss the open questions and provide potential directions for future research.

Second language structural priming: A critical review and directions for future research

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Priming ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
State Of Research

The last 15 years has seen a tremendous growth in research on structural priming among second language (L2) speakers. Structural priming is the phenomenon whereby speakers are more likely to repeat a structure they have recently heard or produced. Research on L2 structural priming speaks to key issues regarding the underlying linguistic and cognitive mechanisms that support L2 acquisition and use, and the extent to which lexical and grammatical information are shared across an L2 speaker’s languages. As the number of researchers investigating L2 priming and its implications for L2 learning continues to grow, it is important to assess the current state of research in this area and establish directions for continued inquiry. The goal of the current review is to provide an overview of recent research on within-language L2 structural priming, with an eye towards the open questions that remain.

scholarly journals The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 5155-5236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hallquist ◽  
J. C. Wenger ◽  
U. Baltensperger ◽  
Y. Rudich ◽  
D. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Tropospheric Aerosol ◽  
Emerging Issues

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a significant fraction of ambient tropospheric aerosol and a detailed knowledge of the formation, properties and transformation of SOA is therefore required to evaluate its impact on atmospheric processes, climate and human health. The chemical and physical processes associated with SOA formation are complex and varied, and, despite considerable progress in recent years, a quantitative and predictive understanding of SOA formation does not exist and therefore represents a major research challenge in atmospheric science. This review begins with an update on the current state of knowledge on the global SOA budget and is followed by an overview of the atmospheric degradation mechanisms for SOA precursors, gas-particle partitioning theory and the analytical techniques used to determine the chemical composition of SOA. A survey of recent laboratory, field and modeling studies is also presented. The following topical and emerging issues are highlighted and discussed in detail: molecular characterization of biogenic SOA constituents, condensed phase reactions and oligomerization, the interaction of atmospheric organic components with sulfuric acid, the chemical and photochemical processing of organics in the atmospheric aqueous phase, aerosol formation from real plant emissions, interaction of atmospheric organic components with water, thermodynamics and mixtures in atmospheric models. Finally, the major challenges ahead in laboratory, field and modeling studies of SOA are discussed and recommendations for future research directions are proposed.

Retrospective: “culture shocks” in inter-cultural service encounters?

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Stauss
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Cultural Service

Purpose The article “Culture shocks” in inter-cultural service encounters was published in 1999. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the scientific discussion about this issue has developed and which open research questions are still awaiting solutions. Design/methodology/approach The main contributions of the original article are evaluated in the light of the current state of research. Simultaneously, the scientific development is commented on the basis of the original theoretical and empirical insights. Findings The original article belongs to those that initiated an extraordinary development of the research field. Aspects of inter-cultural encounters have found increasing attention in service marketing research. However, some fundamental problems of inter-cultural studies are still unresolved, and some of the theoretical and management oriented stimuli of the 1999 paper still seem worthy of consideration. Originality/value The retrospective analysis gives insight into the scientific development of the research on inter-cultural service encounters. It identifies relevant development lines, new perspectives and open questions for future research.

Reframing Climate-Induced Socio-Environmental Conflicts: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare M Scartozzi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Changement Climatique ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract This article draws a comprehensive map of conflict climate change scholarship. It uses visualizations and descriptive statistics to trace the temporal, spatial, and topical evolution of the field of study via a bibliometric analysis of more than six hundred publications. It then proceeds to summarize findings, theoretical explanations, and methodological approaches. Overall, this systematic review shows a remarkable inconsistency of evidence among publications. As a way forward, this article recommends future research to use computational models, informed by a social-ecological perspective, to better explore the link between climate change and conflict. Resumen En este artículo se traza un mapa integral de la erudición conflictiva del cambio climático. Se utilizan visualizaciones y estadísticas descriptivas para rastrear la evolución temporal, espacial y temática del campo de estudio mediante un análisis bibliométrico de más de seiscientas publicaciones. Luego, continúa con un resumen de los hallazgos, las explicaciones teóricas y los enfoques metodológicos. En términos generales, esta revisión sistemática muestra una notable incoherencia de evidencias entre las publicaciones. En este artículo se recomiendan investigaciones a futuro para utilizar los modelos computacionales, informados con una perspectiva socioecológica, a fin de explorar mejor la conexión entre el cambio climático y los conflictos. Extrait Cet article offre une représentation complète des recherches portant sur les conflits liés au changement climatique. Il utilise des visualisations et des statistiques descriptives pour retracer l’évolution temporelle, spatiale et thématique de ce domaine d’étude via une analyse bibliométrique de plus de six cents publications. Il résume ensuite les constatations, explications théoriques et approches méthodologiques. Globalement, cette synthèse systématique montre une incohérence remarquable des preuves entre les publications. Pour aller de l'avant, cet article recommande que les recherches futures passent par des modèles informatiques éclairés par une perspective socio-écologique pour mieux explorer le lien entre le changement climatique et les conflits.

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