Climate Change and the Financial System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Monasterolo
Keyword(s):  
Value At Risk ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Deep Uncertainty ◽  
Climate Risks

The financial system could help achieve the global climate targets by aligning investments to sustainability. However, investors are largely exposed to carbon-intensive assets that could become stranded, thus delaying the low-carbon transition and bringing new sources of risk for financial stability, i.e., climate-related financial risks. Here, we discuss climate-related financial risks, the challenges they pose to traditional economic and financial risk assessment, and the implications for the implementation and feasibility of climate policies. We then present science-based approaches that introduce forward-looking climate risks and their deep uncertainty in financial risk management (e.g., via the climate value at risk, climate spread, climate stress-test). Finally, we present results of applications aimed at pricing climate risks in investors’ portfolios and calculating the largest losses that could lead to systemic risk, in collaboration with leading financial institutions.

Financial Risks of the Bank: Assessment and Mechanism of Neutralization

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Nelia Volkova ◽  
◽  
Alina Mukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Banking Institution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction. The issue of financial risk management of commercial banks is quite relevant today, because the activity of banks is the most risky of all. The presence of risks in banking can lead to unexpected losses, namely the loss of own resources. That’s why for the stable operation of the bank without loss the priority is to assess the financial risks, which is the basis for their further neutralization. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop conceptual provisions for assessment financial risks and justifying the need to neutralize them. Results. The article analyzes the impact of risks on the financial stability of a banking institution. The main methods of bank risk assessment are considered. All these include the statistical method, the analytical method, the expert method, the analogue method and the combined method. The necessity of neutralization of financial risks in order to avoid negative consequences is substantiated. Also the methods of bank risks neutralization are considered. It should be noted that these methods of neutralization can not only be used, but also supplement the list with new methods must be done, which in the future will protect the bank from the influence of undesirable factors. A conceptual approach to the assessment and neutralization of financial risks is proposed. This conceptual approach aims to ensure effective assessment of the level of risk with their subsequent neutralization Conclusions. Use of a conceptual approach will allow an effective risk assessment and decision-making to avoid or accept risk. Thanks to using this approach, the banking institution will be able to react swiftly to the presence of financial risks and to prevent the occurrence of negative consequences, which may lead to a violation of the financial stability of the bank.

scholarly journals Financial Stability and Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Nikola Fabris
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Sea Levels

AbstractFighting climate change is one of the biggest challenges in the 21st century. Climate change that leads to global warming has been increasingly visible in our environment. Extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts have been escalating and their acceleration can be expected in the future. They cause changes in sea levels, epidemics, large fires, etc. Increasingly, we are witnessing minor or major damage caused by these extreme weather conditions. Numerous studies have proven that climate change has negative impact on economic growth and prosperity. However, this paper starts from the premise that in addition to unequivocally identified threats, climate change also creates opportunities.The paper reaches a conclusion that climate change can adversely affect balance sheets of financial institutions. Therefore, climate change is a source of financial risk and thus a part of the mandate of central banks and supervisors in preserving financial stability. This type of risk has not been given enough attention by either supervisors or financial institutions over the past period. This paper develops a model for managing financial risks as a result of climate change.

Financial risk in the contemporary environment of enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumír Kulhánek ◽  
Adam Sulich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
External Environment ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Historical Data Analysis ◽  
Tremendous Impact

This article discusses the importance of the financial system stability and em¬phasises the risks in the contemporary environment of enterprises. Financial systems, with their opportunities and threats, have a tremendous impact on economic growth. Therefore, enterprises have to measure the risks coming from their external environment. The aim of this paper is to analyse historical data related to financial risks and to propose a new tool based on well-known solutions. The literature review and historical data analysis are the main methods used in this paper. The global financial stability map can be implemented as one of many tools of assessing risk, with some modifications.

What do the value-at-risk measure and the respective legislative framework really offer to financial stability? Critical views and pro-cyclicality

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Evangelos Vasileiou ◽  
Themistoclis Pantos
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Counterparty Risk ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Legislative Framework

In this paper, we examine how value at risk (VaR) contributes to the financial market's stability. We apply the Guidelines on Risk Measurement and the Calculation of Global Exposure and Counterparty Risk for UCITS of the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR 2010) to the main indices of the 12 stock markets of the countries that have used the euro as their official currency since its initial circulation. We show that gaps in the legislative framework give incentives to investment funds to adopt conventional models for the VaR estimation in order to avoid the increased costs that the advanced models involve. For this reason, we apply the commonly used historical simulation VaR (HVaR) model, which is: (i) taught at most finance classes; (ii) widely applied in the financial industry; and (iii) accepted by CESR (2010). The empirical evidence shows the HVaR does not really contribute to financial stability, and the legislative framework does not offer the appropriate guidance. The HVaR model is not representative of the real financial risk, and does not give any signal for trends in the near future. The HVaR is absolutely backward-looking and this increases the stock market's overreaction. The fact that the suggested confidence level in CESR (2010) is set at 99 percent leads to hidden pro-cyclicality. Scholars and researchers should focus on issues such as the abovementioned, otherwise the VaR estimations will become, sooner or later, just a formality, and such conventional statistical measures rarely contribute to financial stability.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
T. Vasilyeva ◽  
N. Antoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Financial Risk Management ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Constituent Elements

The article is devoted to the issue of financial risk management of industrial enterprises, which is relevant in the modern realities of the Ukrainian economy. The Google Trends web application analyzes the popularity of search queries in business and industry for phrases such as "financial risk" and "financial risk management" in Ukraine and in the world as a whole over the past 12 months. Based on official statistics, the analysis of the dynamics of the main financial indicators of industrial enterprises of Sumy region for 5 years, namely financial results before tax, financial results from operating activities and operating profitability. Based on the coefficient of variation, the level of financial risk that accompanies the activities of industrial enterprises of Sumy region is determined. The essence of financial risks of an industrial enterprise is revealed and its constituent elements are presented. The main existing approaches to the quantitative assessment of financial risks are presented, which are mainly based on probabilistic assessment. A methodical approach to financial risk management of industrial enterprises is proposed, which provides for constant monitoring of deviations of the integrated indicator, calculated on the basis of financial statements of the enterprise and includes indicators of liquidity, financial stability, profitability, cash flow from financial activities. At the same time, the company is recommended to set clear boundaries of possible deviations of the integrated financial indicator. Emphasis is also placed on the need to form and implement an integrated financial risk management system at industrial enterprises of Ukraine in the modern economic realities of Ukraine. A clear system of financial risk management will allow industrial enterprises to respond in a timely manner to potential threats, neutralize financial risks and avoid possible losses.

scholarly journals Financial Risks in the Conditions of Unstable Market Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Ellina Pakhucha ◽  
Iryna Sievidova ◽  
Iryna Siadrysta ◽  
Leonid Mohilevsky ◽  
Tamila Oliynik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Constant Factor ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Medium And Small Enterprises ◽  
Final Block

The necessity and significance of financial risks, which are a constant factor in the activity of any enterprise, are substantiated. It is established that for a broader understanding of the essence of financial risk it is necessary to consider it as a cumulative risk of the enterprise. The growing impact of financial risks on the results of financial and economic activities is associated with the uncertain economic situation, the instability of financial market conditions, the rapid introduction of new financial technologies and financial instruments, expanding the scope of financial relations of the enterprise. A system of financial ratios has been formed to quantify the risk of enterprises of different sizes, namely for large, medium and small enterprises, which most accurately reflect the current financial situation. Has been proven that the growing pressure of the crisis and insecurity on the part of the state will lead to the transition from the crisis in which enterprises are today, to a state of economic bankruptcy. It is established that the first place among the blocks of financial coefficients of risk assessment of enterprises is occupied by the block of business activity, then the block of profitability indicators, the block of liquidity indicators, the final block of capital structure. For each of the defined blocks the directions of increase, or optimization that will provide financial stability of the enterprise are presented.

scholarly journals Фінансові ризики: економічна природа та класифікація різновидів

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Виклюк М.І. ◽  
Мірошник Р.О. ◽  
Майор О.В.
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Financial Losses

The article presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of the content of the definition of “financial risk”. The existing scientific approaches to understanding the economic nature of the concept under study have been generalized on the basis of morphological analysis. It has been noted that the first approach treats financial risk in the context of the financial results of the enterprise, in particular as a risk, the possibility of financial losses due to negative events; the second approach defines financial risk as a cost estimation of the probability of an event leading to financial losses of the enterprise; the third approach defines financial risk as a complex of cause and effect relationships, that is, a set of types of financial risks that affect not only the financial activity but also the production and commercial activity of the entity. It have been presented an author’s interpretation of financial risk as a certain probability of avoiding financial results in the form of loss of profit, income, assets or capital in the conditions of objective unpredictability of financial and economic activity. It has been noted that financial risk as an economic category is characterized by a number of basic and specific properties that are manifested in the interaction of such elements of financial risk as uncertainty, losses, consequences and opportunities. The types of financial risk have been classified into two groups: external financial risks (inflation, deposit, tax, interest, currency); internal financial risks (risks of business processes: risk of insolvency, risk of reduction of financial stability, profitability, turnover, liquidity; investment risk: portfolio, interest, credit, dividend; other financial risks: risk of missed profit, structural, new. Basic methods and tools used to manage and implement financial risk mitigation policies in the operations of enterprises have been summarized.

scholarly journals A MODERN APPROACH TO ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL RISKS OF AN ENTERPRISE IN THE SPHERE OF CIRCULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
N.V. Tsopa ◽  
A.A. Sytnik ◽  
A.V. Khramova ◽  
Yu.S. Titova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
Negative Factors

Financial risk assessment is an integral part of the company’s financial analysis. The ability to effectively influence risks makes it possible for an enterprise to function successfully, have financial stability, high competitiveness and stable profitability. The level of financial risk is the main indicator of assessing the level of financial security of an enterprise, which characterizes the degree of protection of its financial activities from external and internal threats. Timely identification and response to negative factors is necessary to maintain effective operation and stable profit of any enterprise. The method recommended by the authors for use includes an analysis of two components: business risks-risks associated with the conditions of functioning of the enterprise in the market environment, and directly financial risks. This method takes into account the assessment as the degree of influence, the weight of each factor, as well as possible adjustments to the assessment indicators. In the process of writing this research, financial risks were calculated for the enterprise in the sphere of circulation, and the riskiness of its activities was assessed on the basis of the proposed methodology.

Shadow banking's effects in the Chilean financial system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana López Avilés ◽  
Paula Piñeira ◽  
Víctor Andrés Roco Cáceres ◽  
Felipe Vergara ◽  
Nicolas Araya
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Conditional Value At Risk ◽  
Shadow Banking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe Financial Stability Board (FSB) determined that entities classified as shadow banking are of a credit nature because they are capable of affecting the financial system through the entry and exit of capital. This study aims at measuring the impact of shadow banking in the systemic risk in Chile. A sample of 91 institutions (Run) belonging to the mutual funds was used, with a series showing a continuous behaviour between 2004 and 2018.Design/methodology/approachThe measurement is carried out using the conditional value at risk (CoVaR) methodology, which analyses the behaviour of an institution in a regular state against the same institution in a state of stress.FindingsThe results obtained reflect that liquidity mismatches do not have a relevant effect on the systemic risk, while the 2008 crisis does contribute to its decline.Originality/valueThere are less number of literature studies that apply statistical models regarding shadow banking, at least at a quantitative level, so this research is a beginning for other studies, supporting future authors in their new research as a basis.

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