Advances in the Science of Asking Questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Cate Schaeffer ◽  
Jennifer Dykema
Keyword(s):  
Target Object ◽  
Ordered Categories ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Response Dimension ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Question Form ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Practical Recommendations

In recent decades, research about survey questions has emphasized decision-based approaches. Current research focuses on identifying and systematizing characteristics of questions that are key in researchers’ decisions. We describe important classes of decisions and question characteristics: topic, type of question (e.g., event or behavior, evaluation or judgment), response dimension (e.g., occurrence, frequency, intensity), conceptualization and operationalization of the target object (e.g., how to label the object being asked about and the response dimension), question structure (e.g., use of a filter question, placement in a battery), question form or response format (e.g., yes–no, selection from ordered categories, choice from a list, discrete value), response categories, question wording, and question implementation. We use the framework of question characteristics to summarize key results in active research areas and provide practical recommendations. Progress depends on recognizing how question characteristics co-occur, using a variety of methods and appropriate models, and implementing study designs with strong criteria.

Application of Nanotechnology in Civil Engineering

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 520-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nabizadeh Rafsanjani ◽  
Mehdi Kadivar
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Characteristic Dimension ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Broad Overview

Nanotechnology is a science concerned with the design, construction and utilization of functional structures with at least one characteristic dimension measured in nanometres. Nanotechnology initially developed in the fields of physics and chemistry, and most fundamental developments still occur in these fields. Nanotechnology also needs to be applied in areas such as the engineering field. Obviously, the application of nanotechnology to science and engineering has increased in other fields over the years. One area which is one of the most active research areas in the field of nanotechnology is civil engineering. This paper presents a broad overview of the application of nanotechnology in the civil engineering.

A Survey of Contemporary Identity and Access Management Architectures

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-128
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Access Management ◽  
Sole Purpose ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Active Research

This chapter provides a summary of a number of organisations which are active in IAM researches. The technological and application contributions from each of the IAM contributing organisations, their key deliverables and the active research areas are discussed with the sole purpose in enlightening the knowledge base of the readers.

scholarly journals Review of Clinical Research Informatics

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Anthony Solomonides
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Data Models ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Personal Awareness ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Clinical Research Informatics ◽  
Active Research

Objectives: Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) declares its scope in its name, but its content, both in terms of the clinical research it supports—and sometimes initiates—and the methods it has developed over time, reach much further than the name suggests. The goal of this review is to celebrate the extraordinary diversity of activity and of results, not as a prize-giving pageant, but in recognition of the field, the community that both serves and is sustained by it, and of its interdisciplinarity and its international dimension. Methods: Beyond personal awareness of a range of work commensurate with the author’s own research, it is clear that, even with a thorough literature search, a comprehensive review is impossible. Moreover, the field has grown and subdivided to an extent that makes it very hard for one individual to be familiar with every branch or with more than a few branches in any depth. A literature survey was conducted that focused on informatics-related terms in the general biomedical and healthcare literature, and specific concerns (“artificial intelligence”, “data models”, “analytics”, etc.) in the biomedical informatics (BMI) literature. In addition to a selection from the results from these searches, suggestive references within them were also considered. Results: The substantive sections of the paper—Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and “Big Data” Analytics; Common Data Models, Data Quality, and Standards; Phenotyping and Cohort Discovery; Privacy: Deidentification, Distributed Computation, Blockchain; Causal Inference and Real-World Evidence—provide broad coverage of these active research areas, with, no doubt, a bias towards this reviewer’s interests and preferences, landing on a number of papers that stood out in one way or another, or, alternatively, exemplified a particular line of work. Conclusions: CRI is thriving, not only in the familiar major centers of research, but more widely, throughout the world. This is not to pretend that the distribution is uniform, but to highlight the potential for this domain to play a prominent role in supporting progress in medicine, healthcare, and wellbeing everywhere. We conclude with the observation that CRI and its practitioners would make apt stewards of the new medical knowledge that their methods will bring forward.

Distributed Approach for QoS Guarantee to Wireless Multimedia

2007 ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
K. Chetan ◽  
P. Venkataram ◽  
R. Sircar
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Wireless Multimedia ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Access Method ◽  
Qos Guarantee ◽  
Distributed Approach ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Distributed Coordination Function ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Coordination Function

Providing support for QoS at the MAC layer in the IEEE 802.11 is one of the very active research areas. There are various methods that are being worked out to achieve QoS at MAC level. In this article we describe a proposed enhancement to the DCF (distributed coordination function) access method to provide QoS guarantee for wireless multimedia applications.

Status of wetland research in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Shuqing An ◽  
Xin Leng
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Biological Remediation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Wetland Resources ◽  
Bibliometric Approach ◽  
Science Citation Index Expanded

This study used a bibliometric approach to quantitatively evaluate the status of wetland research in China using detailed information from 31794 articles retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database and published from 1999 to 2019. We outline the progress of wetland research in China in terms of the number of articles published, active research institutions, funding provided, research directions, dynamic changes in the focus of the research and development trends. By analysing high-frequency keywords, we conclude that there are four focus areas of wetlands research in China: (1) climate change; (2) wetland pollution; (3) wetland plants and microorganisms; and (4) the conservation and management of wetlands. By combining focus area and high-citation analysis, we show that carbon storage and organic carbon mineralisation, biological remediation, constructed wetlands for the treatment of waste water and the sustainable use of ecological services are currently the most notable research areas, with a marked increase since 2009. These topics are in line with the focus of research globally over the past 6 years and are likely to become a primary research focus in future. The results of this study provide a useful theoretical basis and directions for further research in the sustainable development of wetland resources in China.

Novel Scalable Deep Learning Approaches for Big Data Analytics Applied to ECG Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
Rostom Mennour ◽  
Mohamed Batouche
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Gradient Descent Algorithm ◽  
Big Data Technologies ◽  
Active Research

Big data analytics and deep learning are nowadays two of the most active research areas in computer science. As the data is becoming bigger and bigger, deep learning has a very important role to play in data analytics, and big data technologies will give it huge opportunities for different sectors. Deep learning brings new challenges especially when it comes to large amounts of data, the volume of datasets has to be processed and managed, also data in various applications come in a streaming way and deep learning approaches have to deal with this kind of applications. In this paper, the authors propose two novel approaches for discriminative deep learning, namely LS-DSN, and StreamDSN that are inspired from the deep stacking network algorithm. Two versions of the gradient descent algorithm were used to train the proposed algorithms. The experiment results have shown that the algorithms gave satisfying accuracy results and scale well when the size of data increases. In addition, StreamDSN algorithm have been applied to classify beats of ECG signals and provided good promising results.

Social Economics

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Social Economics ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Social Motivations ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
Active Research

The growing field of social economics explores how individual behavior is affected by group-level influences, extending the approach of mainstream economics to include broader social motivations and incentives. This book offers a rich and rigorous selection of current work in the field, focusing on some of the most active research areas. Topics covered include culture, gender, ethics, and philanthropic behavior. Social economics grows out of dissatisfaction with a purely individualistic model of human behavior. This book shows how mainstream economics is expanding its domain beyond market and price mechanisms to recognize a role for cultural and social factors. Some chapters, in the tradition of Gary Becker, attempt to extend the economics paradigm to explain other social phenomena; others, following George Akerlof’s approach, incorporate sociological and psychological assumptions to explain economic behavior. Loosely organized by theme—Social Preferences; Culture, Values, and Norms; and Networks and Social Interactions”—the chapters address a range of subjects, including gender differences in political decisions, “moral repugnance” as a constraint on markets, charitable giving by the super-rich, value diversity within a country, and the influence of children on their parents’ social networks. Contributors Mireia Borrell-Porta, Sjoerd Beugelsdijk, Joan Costa-Font, Elwyn Davies, Julio Jorge Elias, Marcel Fafchamps, Luigi Guiso, Odelia Heizler, Ayal Kimhi, Mariko J. Klasing, Martin Ljunge, Mario Macis, Mark Ottoni-Wilhelm, Abigail Payne, Kelly Ragan, Jana Sadeh, Azusa Sato, Kimberley Scharf, Sarah Smith, Mirco Tonin, Michael Vlassopoulos, Evguenia Winschel, Philipp Zahn

scholarly journals A Fusion of Multiagent Functionalities for Effective Intrusion Detection System

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan ◽  
Kannapiran Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Intrusion Detection System ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
The Real ◽  
Common Path ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
Active Research

Provision of high security is one of the active research areas in the network applications. The failure in the centralized system based on the attacks provides less protection. Besides, the lack of update of new attacks arrival leads to the minimum accuracy of detection. The major focus of this paper is to improve the detection performance through the adaptive update of attacking information to the database. We propose an Adaptive Rule-Based Multiagent Intrusion Detection System (ARMA-IDS) to detect the anomalies in the real-time datasets such as KDD and SCADA. Besides, the feedback loop provides the necessary update of attacks in the database that leads to the improvement in the detection accuracy. The combination of the rules and responsibilities for multiagents effectively detects the anomaly behavior, misuse of response, or relay reports of gas/water pipeline data in KDD and SCADA, respectively. The comparative analysis of the proposed ARMA-IDS with the various existing path mining methods, namely, random forest, JRip, a combination of AdaBoost/JRip, and common path mining on the SCADA dataset conveys that the effectiveness of the proposed ARMA-IDS in the real-time fault monitoring. Moreover, the proposed ARMA-IDS offers the higher detection rate in the SCADA and KDD cup 1999 datasets.

scholarly journals The Sources of Knowledge of the Economic and Social Value in Sport Industry Research: A Co-citation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Torres-Pruñonosa ◽  
Miquel Angel Plaza-Navas ◽  
Francisco Díez-Martín ◽  
Camilo Prado-Roman
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Intellectual Structure ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Research Opportunity ◽  
Active Research

The aim of this article is to map the intellectual structure of scholarship on economic and social value in the sport industry. Given that bibliometric techniques are specially appropriate for identifying the intellectual structures of a field of knowledge and complement traditional literature reviews, a co-citation bibliometric analysis has been applied. This kind of analysis identifies networks of interconnections. Therefore, we aim to detect both the most and the least active research areas in this field, as well as their sub-disciplinary composition. There is an abundance of literature on sport efficiency and economic efficiency in the sport industry, our main conclusion is the identification of a literature gap in regard to social value in sport organisations, which is expected to be a research opportunity for scholars. This is in line with the lack of standardisation in the measurement for social value in sport organisations. In fact, similar to analysis undertaken in the past few decades of other industries with contributions to stakeholders and the multi-fiduciary theory of stakeholders, both the creation of social value indicators for sport entities and the empirical analysis of social efficiency in sport institutions, are identified and outlined as future areas of research. Therefore, this bibliometric analysis will contribute to determine the future challenges that this area of research will face in the following years so as to fill the literature gap identified.

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