The Effect of Expanded and Natural Flake Graphite Additives on Positive Active Mass Utilization of the Lead-Acid Battery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Kosacki ◽  
Fatih Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Flake Graphite ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Active Mass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Powder Characteristics ◽  
Lead Acid

Abstract The effects of expanded and not expanded (natural flake) graphite additives were evaluated on the discharge utilization of the positive active material (PAM) in the lead-acid battery. Graphite powders were added to the paste at 2.20 vol. % and tested in model 2V battery cells under a wide range of discharge currents from 8C to C/20. The effects of graphite on the PAM pore volume and pore size distribution were measured with mercury porosimetry, and a good correlation was found between the pore volume of the PAM and utilization performance of the cells. It was shown that the powder characteristics of graphite can affect the PAM pore volume. A correlation was found between the graphite additives’ structural order and PAM utilization.

scholarly journals Porosity Measurements of Positive of Lead-Acid Battery Plates by Mercury PSorosimetry

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187-1192
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Pore Area ◽  
Mercury Porosimeter ◽  
Porosity Measurements ◽  
Lead Acid

A mercury porosimeter has been used to measure the intrusion volume of the three types mercury positive lead acid-battery plates. The intrusion volumes were used to calculate the pore diameter, pore volume, pore area, and pore size distribution. The variation of the pore area in positive lead acid-battery plates as well as of the pore volume has the following sequence. Paste positive > Uncured positive > Cured positive

A Model of the Structure of the Positive Lead‐Acid Battery Active Mass

1984 ◽  
Vol 131 (7) ◽  
pp. 1468-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pavlov ◽  
E. Bashtavelova
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Active Mass ◽  
Lead Acid

scholarly journals Modification of Graphite Felt with Lead (II) Formate and Acetate—An Approach for Preparation of Lightweight Electrodes for a Lead-Acid Battery

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Arminas Ilginis ◽  
Egidijus Griškonis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Graphite Felt ◽  
Electrochemically Active ◽  
Proposed Modification ◽  
Lead Acid

Lead-acid battery (LAB) weight is a major downside stopping it from being adapted to electric/hybrid vehicles. Lead grids constitute up to 50% of LAB electrode’s weight and it only ensures electric connection to electrochemically active material and provides structural integrity. Using graphite felt (GF) as a current collector can reduce the electrode’s weight while increasing the surface area. Modification of GF with lead (II) oxide using impregnation and calcination techniques and lead (II) formate and acetate as precursors was conducted to produce composite electrodes. It was found that lead (II) formate is not a viable material for this purpose, whereas multiple impregnation in lead (II) acetate saturated solution and calcination in air leads to thermal destruction GF. However, impregnation and calcination under nitrogen atmosphere in three cycles produced a sample of good quality with a mass loading of lead (II) oxide that was 17.18 g g−1 GF. This equates to only 5.5% of the total mass of composite electrode to be GF, which is immensely lower than lead grid mass in traditional electrodes. This result shows that a possible lightweight alternative of LAB electrode can be produced using the proposed modification method.

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