Responsible conduct of scientific research: a one-semester course for graduate students.

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. S8
Author(s):  
T Hoshiko
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Scientific Misconduct ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Responsible Conduct ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This course was developed to satisfy in part the requirement that "a program in the principles of scientific integrity" be a part of any training program funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (NIH "Guide for Grants and Contracts," vol. 18, no. 45, 1989). The booklet On Being A Scientist (National Academy of Sciences, 1989) was chosen as required reading. The issues were presented in 15 1-h sessions. Public policy issues were not addressed. A danger was to be overly critical of scientific misconduct and stimulate a cynical skepticism of the integrity of the working scientist. One problem is that there are only general procedures a student can follow when encountering misconduct. Numerous guest speakers provided depth, objectivity, and authenticity to the discussion.

Salem Comes to the National Institutes of Health: Notes From Inside the Crucible of Scientific Integrity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-981
Author(s):  
Herbert L. Needleman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Scientific Misconduct ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Investigative Process

Many readers of Pediatrics may have only a dim idea of the combative arena in which environmental research is conducted. Probably, very few have had the experience of being investigated for scientific misconduct. My aim in reviewing these two topics is to provide a preventive road map to others and to reveal some inadequacies and inequities in the investigative process. It is necessary, to accomplish this, to be direct and specific. Tact is sacrificed here for the sake of clear instruction. In 1972 I published 700 words in Nature reporting that Philadelphia inner-city children had higher dentine lead levels than suburban children.1 The paper suggested that the tooth might be a useful marker to estimate body lead burden after exposure had ended. I did not know then that I was taking the first step toward being investigated for scientific misconduct by my university and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Scientific Integrity. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) asked me to present the 1972 tooth lead paper in Amsterdam at an international meeting on lead. I was unprepared by my past attendance at pediatric meetings for what I encountered there. This was no scholarly debate on the toxicology and epidemiology of lead; this was war. The speakers did not behave like academics hoping to embellish their reputations by parading the results of their last 6 months in the lab. These stakes were much higher. Arrayed against each other were a small and defensive group of environmentalists and health scientists on one side, and on the other the representatives of the gasoline companies, including such formidable entities as EI DuPont, Associated Octel, Dutch Shell, and Ethyl Corporation of America.

Progress in Meeting Protein Needs of Infants and Preschool Children, Publication 843, Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1961, 569 pp. $5.00

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-910
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The World ◽  
Nutrition Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This book represents an interesting and very useful compilation of the proceedings of an international conference on the subject, held in Washington, August 21-24, 1960, under the auspices of the Committee on Protein Malnutrition of the Food and Nutrition Board and the Nutrition Study Section of the National Institutes of Health. The book contains all the original papers presented as well as the discussion following each presentation. Participants were those co-operating in the world-wide program conducted by the Committee on Protein Malnutrition in order to develop protein products from indigenous sources, which could be inexpensive and meet the needs of infants.

Development and Testing of the Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory-Short Form

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Sanzero Eller ◽  
Elise L. Lev ◽  
Lori L. Bakken
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Short Form ◽  
First Year ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Doctoral Study ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Social Cognitive Career

Background and Purpose: The National Academy of Sciences stressed the need for a doctorally prepared workforce and earlier entry into doctoral study in nursing and the behavioral, social, and basic sciences. Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) suggests that self-efficacy for career related skills informs career choices. Thus, increasing clinical research self-efficacy early in students’ studies could increase their choice of a research career. To test interventions, a psychometrically sound measure of clinical research self-efficacy is needed. Methods: We examined the psychometrics of the Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory-Short Form (CRAI-SF) in undergraduate and first-year graduate students (N = 268). This scale is a modification of the Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory, which measures physician–scientists’ clinical research self-efficacy. Results: Content validity was supported by external review. Factor analysis revealed six factors explaining 75% of scale variance. Internal consistency of subscales and total scale ranged from .84 to .98. Differences in scores by gender (p = .016) and discipline of study (p = .000) supported construct validity. Conclusions: The CRAI-SF is a useful measure of undergraduate and first-year graduate students’ perceived clinical research self-efficacy.

Gene Therapy and AIDS: A Constitutional Politics Report

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-280
Author(s):  
Ira H. Carmen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Constitutional Politics ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On May 11, 1993, the National Academy of Sciences hosted a workshop convened to address the scientific, medical, and social issues arising from attempts to enlist gene therapy experimentation in the fight against AIDS. The 100 participants represented a cross-section of federal governmental, industrial, academic, and research-practitioner expertise. I was invited presumably because I am a member of the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC), an arm of the National Institutes of Health, which oversees (in effect, licenses) human gene therapy protocols, and because I have recently published reports bearing on that policy process (Carmen, 1992, 1993).

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