Alterations in Skeletal Muscle Repair in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Though preclinical models of type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibit impaired muscle regeneration, this has yet to be investigated in humans with T1D. Here we investigated the impact of damaging exercise (eccentric quadriceps contractions) in eighteen physically-active young adults with and without T1D. Pre- and post-exercise (48h and 96h), participants provided blood samples, vastus lateralis biopsies and performed maximal voluntary quadriceps contractions (MVC). Skeletal muscle sarcolemmal integrity, extracellular matrix content (ECM), and satellite cell (SC) content/proliferation were assessed by immunofluorescence. Transmission electron microscopy was used to quantify ultrastructural damage. MVC was comparable between T1D and controls before exercise. Post-exercise, MVC was decreased in both groups, but T1D subjects exhibited moderately lower strength recovery at both 48h and 96h. Serum creatine kinase, an indicator of muscle damage, was moderately higher in T1D participants at rest, and exhibited a small elevation 96h post-exercise. T1D participants showed lower SC content at all timepoints and demonstrated a moderate delay in SC proliferation after exercise. A greater number of myofibers exhibited sarcolemmal damage (disrupted dystrophin) and increased ECM (laminin) content in participants with T1D despite no differences between groups in ultrastructural damage as assessed by electron microscopy. Finally, transcriptomic analyses revealed dysregulated gene networks involving RNA translation and mitochondrial respiration, providing potential explanations for previous observations of mitochondrial dysfunction in similar T1D cohorts. Our findings indicate that skeletal muscle in young adults with moderately-controlled T1D is altered after damaging exercise; suggesting that longer recovery times following intense exercise may be necessary.

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Evidence for Altered Skeletal Muscle Repair in Healthy Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Canadian Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.09.052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. S16

Author(s):

Grace Grafham ◽

Cynthia Monaco ◽

Athan Dial ◽

Mark Tarnopolsky ◽

Thomas Hawke

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Adults ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Muscle Repair

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The impact of knowledge about diabetes, resilience and depression on glycemic control: a cross-sectional study among adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/1758-5996-5-55 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Fabio R Munhoz Santos ◽

Viviane Bernardo ◽

Monica A L Gabbay ◽

Sergio A Dib ◽

Daniel Sigulem

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Adults ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

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Home Telemedicine (CoYoT1 Clinic): A Novel Approach to Improve Psychosocial Outcomes in Young Adults With Diabetes

The Diabetes Educator ◽

10.1177/0145721719858080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 420-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Marwan Bakhach ◽

Mark W. Reid ◽

Elizabeth A. Pyatak ◽

Cari Berget ◽

Cindy Cain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Adults ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Group Home ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Diabetes Distress ◽

Control Group ◽

Distress Scale ◽

The Impact

Purpose To assess the impact of a home telemedicine clinic model (CoYoT1 Clinic) on psychosocial and behavioral outcomes designed for young adults (YAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods YAs self-selected to participate in the CoYoT1 Clinic or serve as a usual care control. CoYoT1 Clinic visits consisted of an individual appointment with a provider and a group appointment with other YAs with T1D using home telemedicine. Psychosocial and behavioral functioning was assessed by 4 measures: Diabetes Distress Scale, Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale, Self-Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adolescence Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results Forty-two patients participated in the CoYoT1 Clinic and 39 patients served as controls. CoYoT1 participants reported lower levels of distress ( P = .03), increased diabetes self-efficacy ( P = .01), and improved ability to communicate with others about diabetes ( P = .04) over the study period compared to controls. YA males in the control group reported increases in depressive symptoms ( P = .03) during the study period, but CoYoT1 participants showed no changes. Conclusion Group home telemedicine for YAs with T1D positively affects diabetes distress, self-efficacy, and diabetes-specific communication. These positive findings have the potential to also affect the YAs’ long-term diabetes outcomes. Further investigation of the model is needed.

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Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in response to type 1 diabetes

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00411.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 318 (1) ◽

pp. E44-E51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cynthia M. F. Monaco ◽

Catherine A. Bellissimo ◽

Meghan C. Hughes ◽

Sofhia V. Ramos ◽

Robert Laham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Respiratory Function ◽

Complex I ◽

Mitochondrial Protein ◽

Mitochondrial Bioenergetics ◽

The Impact ◽

Mitochondrial Respiratory

Sexual dimorphism in mitochondrial respiratory function has been reported in young women and men without diabetes, which may have important implications for exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if sexual dimorphism exists in skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A resting muscle microbiopsy was obtained from women and men with T1D ( n = 10/8, respectively) and without T1D (control; n = 8/7, respectively). High-resolution respirometry and spectrofluorometry were used to measure mitochondrial respiratory function, hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) emission and calcium retention capacity (mCRC) in permeabilized myofiber bundles. The impact of T1D on mitochondrial bioenergetics between sexes was interrogated by comparing the change between women and men with T1D relative to the average values of their respective sex-matched controls (i.e., delta). These aforementioned analyses revealed that men with T1D have increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial complex I sensitivity but reduced complex II sensitivity and capacity in comparison to women with T1D. mH2O2 emission was lower in women compared with men with T1D at the level of complex I (succinate driven), whereas mCRC and mitochondrial protein content remained similar between sexes. In conclusion, women and men with T1D exhibit differential responses in skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics. Although larger cohort studies are certainly required, these early findings nonetheless highlight the importance of considering sex as a variable in the care and treatment of people with T1D (e.g., benefits of different exercise prescriptions).

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Effect of Capsinoids Supplementation on Fat Oxidation and Muscle Glycogen Restoration During Post-exercise Recovery in Humans

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200824104856 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Su-Fen Liao ◽

Mallikarjuna Korivi ◽

Jung-Piao Taso ◽

Chun-Ching Huang ◽

Chia-Chen Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Young Adults ◽

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Exercise Recovery ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Glycogen Resynthesis ◽

Post Exercise Recovery

Background: Capsinoids (CSN), the novel non-pungent capsaicin analogs have been reported to promote metabolic health and exercise tolerance. However, the effect of CSN on fat oxidation and changes in skeletal muscle glycogen levels during post-exercise recovery has not been investigated in humans. Purpose: We examined the effect of CSN supplementation on energy reliance, glycogen resynthesis and molecular proteins in the skeletal muscle of young adults during post-exercise recovery. Methods: In this crossover-designed study, nine healthy adult male volunteers (aged 21.4±0.2 years, BMI 21.9±1.3 kg/m2 ) completed a 60-min cycling exercise at 70% VO2max. Participants consumed either CSN (12 mg, single dosage) or placebo capsules with a high-carbohydrate meal (2 g carb/kg bodyweight) immediately after exercise. Biopsied muscle samples (vastus lateralis), blood and gaseous samples were obtained during 3h post-exercise recovery period. Results: We found that oral CSN supplementation right after exercise significantly altered the energy reliance on fat oxidation during recovery. This was evidenced by lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and higher fat oxidation rate in CSN trial. Despite, acute CSN dosage does not contribute to enhance the glycogen replenishment in skeletal muscle during 3h recovery. We identified no significant differences in postprandial glucose and insulin area under the curve in both trials. Western blot data showed increased muscle GLUT4 expression, but no significant response of p-Akt/Akt ratio with CSN during post-exercise recovery. Conclusion: Our findings conclude that acute CSN intake could change energy reliance on fat oxidation, but unable to enhance muscle glycogen resynthesis during post-exercise recovery. Thus, ergogenic properties of CSN in relevance to muscle glycogen restoration following exercise needs to be further investigated in young adults.

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Does type 1 diabetes alter post-exercise thermoregulatory and cardiovascular function in young adults?

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports ◽

10.1111/sms.12344 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. e504-e514 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. McGinn ◽

M. R. Carter ◽

J. Barrera-Ramirez ◽

R. J. Sigal ◽

A. D. Flouris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cardiovascular Function ◽

Post Exercise

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The impact of type 1 diabetes on young adults’ health-related quality of life

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-020-01370-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Madelon B. Bronner ◽

Mariëlle A. C. Peeters ◽

Jane N. T. Sattoe ◽

AnneLoes van Staa

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Adults ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

The Impact

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Post-exercise glycemic control in type 1 diabetes is associated with residual ꞵ-cell function

10.2337/figshare.12616118 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guy S Taylor ◽

Kieran Smith ◽

Tess E Capper ◽

Jadine H Scragg ◽

Ayat Bashir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Cell Function ◽

Glycemic Variability ◽

Free Living ◽

Continuous Glucose Monitor ◽

Post Exercise ◽

C Peptide ◽

The Impact

Objective To investigate the impact of residual ꞵ-cell function on continuous glucose monitor (CGM) outcomes following acute exercise in people with Type 1 diabetes. Research Design and Methods Thirty participants with type 1 diabetes for ≥3 years were recruited. Firstly, participants wore a blinded CGM for 7 days of free-living data capture. Secondly, a 3 hour mixed meal test, assessed stimulated C-peptide and glucagon. Peak C-peptide was used to allocate participants into undetectable (Cpepund <3 pmol/L), low (Cpeplow 3–200 pmol/L) or high C-peptide groups (Cpephigh >200 pmol/L). Finally, participants completed 45 minutes of incline treadmill walking at 60%VO2peak followed by a further 48 hours’ CGM capture. Results CGM parameters were comparable across groups during the free-living observation week. In the 12 (12hr) and 24 hours (24hr) post-exercise periods the Cpephigh group had significantly greater amount of time spent with glucose 3.9-10 mmol/L (12hr: 73.5±27.6%, 24hr: 76.3±19.2%) compared to Cpeplow (12hr: 43.6±26.1%, p=0.027, 24hr: 52.3±25.0%, p=0.067) or Cpepund (40.6±17.0%, p=0.010, 24hr: 51.3±22.3%, p=0.041). Time spent in hyperglycemia (12hr and 24hr glucose >10 and >13.9 mmol/L, p<0.05) and glycemic variability (12hr and 24hr SD, p<0.01) were significantly lower in the Cpephigh group compared to Cpepund and Cpeplow. Change in CGM outcomes from pre to 24hr post-exercise was divergent: Cpepund and Cpeplow experienced worsening (glucose 3.9-10 mmol/L: -9.1% and -16.2% respectively), with Cpephigh experiencing improvement (+12.1%)(p=0.017). Conclusions Residual ꞵ-cell function may partially explain the inter-individual variation in the acute glycemic benefits of exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Quantifying C-peptide could aid in providing personalized and targeted support for exercising patients.

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