Kinetics and utilization of lipid sources during acute exercise and acipimox

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. E199-E208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte Nellemann ◽  
Esben Søndergaard ◽  
Jørgen Jensen ◽  
Steen Bønløkke Pedersen ◽  
Niels Jessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Residual Lipid ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Overweight is associated with abnormalities of lipid metabolism, many of which are reversed by exercise. We investigated the impact of experimental antilipolysis and acute exercise on lipid kinetics and oxidation from VLDL-TG, plasma FFA, and “residual lipids” in overweight men ( n = 8) using VLDL-TG and palmitate tracers in combination with muscle biopsies in a randomized, placebo-controlled design. Participants received placebo or acipimox on each study day (4 h of rest, 90 min of exercise at 50% V̇o2 max). Exercise suppressed VLDL-TG secretion significantly during placebo but not acipimox (placebo-rest: 64.2 ± 9.4; placebo-exercise: 48.3 ± 8.0; acipimox-rest: 55.2 ± 13.4; acipimox-exercise: 52.0 ± 10.9). Resting oxidation of VLDL-TG FA and FFA was significantly reduced during acipimox compared with placebo, whereas “residual lipid oxidation” increased significantly [VLDL-TG oxidation (placebo: 18 ± 3 kcal/h; acipimox: 11 ± 2 kcal/h), FFA oxidation (placebo: 14 ± 2 kcal/h; acipimox: 4 ± 0.5 kcal/h), and residual lipid oxidation (placebo: 3 ± 5 kcal/h; acipimox: 14 ± 5 kcal/h)]. Additionally, during exercise on both placebo and acipimox, oxidation of VLDL-TG and FFA increased, but the relative contribution to total lipid oxidation diminished, except for FFA, which remained unchanged during acipimox. Residual lipid oxidation increased significantly during exercise in both absolute and relative terms. Changes in selected cellular enzymes and proteins provided no explanations for kinetic changes. In conclusion, suppressed FFA availability blunts the effect of exercise on VLDL-TG secretion and modifies the contribution of lipid sources for oxidation.

Demonstration of a novel feedback mechanism between FFA oxidation from intracellular and intravascular sources

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (5) ◽  
pp. E680-E689 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yki-Jarvinen ◽  
I. Puhakainen ◽  
C. Saloranta ◽  
L. Groop ◽  
M. R. Taskinen
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Plasma Ffa

We examined the regulation of intracellular and intravascular lipolysis in vivo. In the first series of studies, plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were elevated moderately by heparin (plus approximately 600 mumol/l) in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and in normal subjects. The increase in plasma FFA increased plasma FFA oxidation "submaximally" (plasma FFA oxidation less than 100% of total lipid oxidation) in a plasma FFA concentration-dependent manner. The increase in plasma FFA oxidation significantly suppressed direct intracellular oxidation of FFA. In another group of patients with NIDDM, plasma FFA was markedly increased (plus approximately 1,500 mumol/l). Plasma FFA oxidation now accounted for all lipid oxidation. Compared with substrate oxidation rates observed at submaximally elevated plasma FFAs in the same subjects at similar insulin concentrations, total lipid oxidation increased, carbohydrate oxidation decreased, and total energy production increased. These data demonstrate the existence of an FFA-dependent insulin-independent feedback mechanism between FFA oxidation from intracellular and intravascular sources. Thus the preferred response of body tissues to a change in plasma FFA oxidation is a reciprocal change in direct intracellular FFA oxidation. Substrate competition between carbohydrate and lipid, as proposed by P. J. Randle et al. (Lancet 1:785, 1963), becomes operative after the capacity for regulation within components of lipid oxidation has been utilized.

scholarly journals No effect of 10 weeks erythropoietin treatment on lipid oxidation in healthy men

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1148-1155
Author(s):  
Jeyanthini Risikesan ◽  
Birgitte Nellemann ◽  
Britt Christensen ◽  
Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen ◽  
Søren Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Impact

Studies indicate that erythropoietin (EPO) has effect on lipid and energy metabolism; however, the impact of EPO on lipid oxidation in vivo has not been well documented. Here, we evaluate whether long-term erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) treatment affects the oxidation of plasma very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) fatty acids (FA), plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and non-plasma (residual) FA in healthy, young, sedentary men. Infusion of [1-14C]VLDL-TG and [9,10-3H]palmitate was used in combination with indirect calorimetry to assess resting lipid fuel utilization and kinetics, and resting energy expenditure (REE) before and after 10 weeks of ESA exposure compared with placebo. REE increased significantly during ESA compared with placebo (P = 0.023, RM-ANOVA). Oxidation rates of VLDL-TG FA, FFA, and residual FA remained unchanged during ESA compared with placebo. The relative contribution of the lipid stores was greatest for FFA (47.1%) and the total lipid oxidation rate and was not significantly different between ESA and placebo-treated subjects. We conclude that long-term ESA treatment of healthy young men increases REE but does not alter the oxidation rates of plasma and non-plasma FA sources.

Free fatty acid and glucose metabolism in human aging: evidence for operation of the Randle cycle

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. E501-E509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
L. C. Groop ◽  
D. C. Simonson ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Plasma Ffa

We assessed insulin effects on plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glucose metabolism in seven elderly (71 +/- 2 yr) and in seven younger (21 +/- 1 yr) subjects matched for body weight and body mass index but not for percent body fat (32.4 +/- 3.8% in elderly vs. 20.4 +/- 3.5% in young, P < 0.05), by performing sequential euglycemic clamps at five insulin doses (0.6, 1.5, 3, 6, and 15 pmol.min-1.kg-1) in combination with indirect calorimetry and [1-14C]palmitate plus [3-3H]glucose infusion. At baseline, plasma FFA concentration, turnover infusion. At baseline, plasma FFA concentration, turnover and oxidation, and total lipid oxidation were all increased in the elderly (897 +/- 107 vs. 412 +/- 50 mumol/l and 11.2 +/- 1.4 vs. 5.14 +/- 0.86, 3.45 +/- 0.65 vs. 1.37 +/- 0.25, and 4.63 +/- 0.72 vs. 3.01 +/- 0.33 mumol.min-1.kg-1 lean body mass, P < 0.05 for all comparisons), whereas glucose turnover was similar as a result of decreased glucose oxidation (8.2 +/- 1.4 vs. 13 +/- 1.9 mumol.min-1.kg-1 lean body mass, P < 0.05) and increased glucose storage (6.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 1.7 +/- 1.3 mmol.min-1.kg-1 lean body mass, P < 0.05). At all insulin infusions, plasma FFA concentration, turnover and oxidation, and total lipid oxidation were higher in the elderly than in the younger group (P < 0.05). However, if normalized per fat mass, all FFA and lipid metabolic fluxes, both in the postabsorptive state and during hyperinsulinemia, were comparable in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

High-altitude acclimation increases the triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycle at rest and during exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. E537-E544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant B. McClelland ◽  
Peter W. Hochachka ◽  
Shannon P. Reidy ◽  
Jean-Michel Weber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Cycle

High-altitude acclimation alters lipid metabolism during exercise, but it is unknown whether this involves changes in rates of lipolysis or reesterification, which form the triacylglycerol/fatty acid (TAG/FA) cycle. We combined indirect calorimetry with [2-3H]glycerol and [1-14C]palmitate infusions to simultaneously measure total lipid oxidation, lipolysis, and rate of appearance (Ra) of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in high-altitude-acclimated (HA) rats exercising at 60% maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max). During exercise, relative total lipid oxidation (%V˙o 2) equaled sea-level control (SL) values; however, acclimation greatly stimulated lipolysis (+75%) but had no effect on Ra NEFA. As a result, TAG/FA cycling increased (+119%), due solely to an increase in recycling (+144%) within adipocytes. There was no change in either group in these variables with the transition from rest to exercise. We conclude that, in HA, 1) acclimation is a potent stimulator of lipolysis; 2) rats do not modify TAG/FA cycling with the transition to exercise; and 3) in normoxia, HA and SL derive the same fraction of their total energy from lipids and carbohydrates.

Effect of insulin on oxidative and nonoxidative pathways of free fatty acid metabolism in human obesity

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. E79-E84 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Groop ◽  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
D. C. Simonson ◽  
A. S. Petrides ◽  
M. Shank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Basal Rate ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Obese Subjects

The dose-response relationship between the plasma insulin concentration and oxidative and nonoxidative pathways of free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism was examined in 11 obese and 7 lean subjects using a stepwise insulin clamp technique in combination with indirect calorimetry and infusion of [1-14C]palmitate. The fasting plasma FFA concentration was elevated in obese subjects (793 +/- 43 vs. 642 +/- 39 mumol/l; P less than 0.01) and was associated with an increased basal rate of plasma FFA turnover, FFA oxidation, and nonoxidative FFA disposal, i.e., reesterification (all P less than 0.01). Suppression of plasma FFA turnover by physiological increments in plasma insulin was impaired in obese compared with lean subjects. However, plasma FFA turnover expressed per kilogram fat mass was normally suppressed by insulin in obese subjects. Although insulin suppressed plasma FFA oxidation to the same extent in lean and obese subjects, inhibition of total lipid oxidation by insulin was impaired in the obese group. Obese subjects had an enhanced basal rate of nonoxidative FFA disposal, which was suppressed less by physiological increments in plasma insulin compared with lean controls. Therefore, we conclude that 1) lipolysis in uncomplicated obesity is normally sensitive to insulin; the enhanced FFA flux is simply a consequence of the increased fat mass. 2) Nonoxidative FFA disposal expressed per lean body mass is enhanced in obese subjects and correlates with the increase in plasma FFA concentration and fat mass. 3) Enhanced oxidation of intracellular lipids contributes to the enhanced rate of total lipid oxidation in obese subjects.

scholarly journals The impact of lipids, lipid oxidation, and inflammation on AMD, and the potential role of miRNAs on lipid metabolism in the RPE

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujung Jun ◽  
Sayantan Datta ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Roma Pegany ◽  
Marisol Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Ingredient-Dependent Extent of Lipid Oxidation in Margarine

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Sarah Fruehwirth ◽  
Sandra Egger ◽  
Dennis Kurzbach ◽  
Jakob Windisch ◽  
Franz Jirsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

This study reports the impact of margarine-representative ingredients on its oxidative stability and green tea extract as a promising antioxidant in margarine. Oil-in-water emulsions received much attention regarding factors that influence their oxidative stability, however, water-in-oil emulsions have only been scarcely investigated. Margarine, a widely consumed water-in-oil emulsion, consists of 80–90% fat and is thermally treated when used for baking. As different types of margarine contain varying additives, their impact on the oxidative stability of margarine during processing is of pressing importance. Thus, the influence of different ingredients, such as emulsifiers, antioxidants, citric acid, β-carotene and NaCl on the oxidative stability of margarine, heated at 80 °C for 1 h to accelerate lipid oxidation, was analyzed by the peroxide value and oxidation induction time. We found that monoglycerides influenced lipid oxidation depending on their fatty acyl chain. α-Tocopheryl acetate promoted lipid oxidation, while rosemary and green tea extract led to the opposite. Whereas green tea extract alone showed the most prominent antioxidant effect, combinations of green tea extract with citric acid, β-carotene or NaCl increased lipid oxidation in margarine. Complementary, NMR data suggested that polyphenols in green tea extracts might decrease lipid mobility at the surface of the water droplets, which might lead to chelating of transition metals at the interface and decreasing lipid oxidation.

scholarly journals The impact of the Nutri-Score front-of-pack nutrition label on purchasing intentions of unprocessed and processed foods: post-hoc analyses from three randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Egnell ◽  
Pilar Galan ◽  
Morgane Fialon ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Sandrine Péneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Low Income ◽  
P Value ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Nutrition Label ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Nutri-Score summary graded front-of-pack nutrition label has been identified as an efficient tool to increase the nutritional quality of pre-packed food purchases. However, no study has been conducted to investigate the effect of the Nutri-Score on the shopping cart composition, considering the type of foods. The present paper aims to investigate the effect of the Nutri-Score on the type of food purchases, in terms of the relative contribution of unpacked and pre-packed foods, or the processing degree of foods. Methods Between September 2016 and April 2017, three consecutive randomized controlled trials were conducted in three specific populations – students (N = 1866), low-income individuals (N = 336) and subjects suffering from cardiometabolic diseases (N = 1180) – to investigate the effect of the Nutri-Score on purchasing intentions compared to the Reference Intakes and no label. Using these combined data, the proportion of unpacked products in the shopping carts, as well as the distribution of products across food categories taking into account the degree of processing (NOVA classification) were assessed by trials arm. Results The shopping carts of participants simulating purchases with the Nutri-Score affixed on pre-packed foods contained higher proportion of unpacked products – especially raw fruits and meats, i.e. with no FoPL –, compared to participants purchasing with no label (difference of 5.93 percentage points [3.88–7.99], p-value< 0.0001) or with the Reference Intakes (difference of 5.27[3.25–7.29], p-value< 0.0001). This higher proportion was partly explained by fewer purchases of pre-packed processed and ultra-processed products overall in the Nutri-Score group. Conclusions These findings provide new insights on the positive effect of the Nutri-Score, which appears to decrease purchases in processed products resulting in higher proportions of unprocessed and unpacked foods, in line with public health recommendations.

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