scholarly journals Insulin resistance and normal thyroid hormone levels: prospective study and metabolomic analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (5) ◽  
pp. E429-E436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ele Ferrannini ◽  
Giorgio Iervasi ◽  
Jeff Cobb ◽  
Rudina Ndreu ◽  
Monica Nannipieri
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Glucose Sensitivity ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Cell Glucose

While hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism cause dysglycemia, the relationship between thyroid hormone levels within the normal range and insulin resistance (IR) is unclear. In 940 participants with strictly normal serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) followed up for 3 yr, we measured insulin sensitivity (by the insulin clamp technique) and 35 circulating metabolites. At baseline, across quartiles of increasing fT3 levels (or fT3/fT4 ratio) most features of IR emerged [i.e., male sex, greater body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, heart rate, blood pressure, fatty liver index, free fatty acids, and triglycerides; reduced insulin-mediated glucose disposal; and β-cell glucose sensitivity). In multiadjusted analyses, fT3 was reciprocally related to insulin sensitivity and, in a subset of 303 subjects, directly related to endogenous glucose production. In multiple regression models adjusting for sex, age, BMI, and baseline value of insulin sensitivity, higher baseline fT3 levels were significant predictors of decreases in insulin sensitivity. Moreover, baseline fT3 predicted follow-up increases in glycemia independently of sex, age, BMI, insulin sensitivity, β-cell glucose sensitivity, and baseline glycemia. Serum tyrosine levels were higher with IR and were directly associated with fT3; higher α-hydroxybutyrate levels signaled enhanced oxidative stress, thereby impairing tyrosine degradation. In 25 patients with morbid obesity, surgery-induced weight loss improved IR and consensually lowered fT3 levels. High-normal fT3 levels are associated with IR both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and predict deterioration of glucose tolerance. This association is supported by a metabolite pattern that points at increased oxidative stress as part of the IR syndrome.

scholarly journals Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Brasnyó ◽  
Gergő A. Molnár ◽  
Márton Mohás ◽  
Lajos Markó ◽  
Boglárka Laczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Although resveratrol has widely been studied for its potential health benefits, little is known about its metabolic effects in humans. Our aims were to determine whether the polyphenol resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients and to gain some insight into the mechanism of its action. After an initial general examination (including blood chemistry), nineteen patients enrolled in the 4-week-long double-blind study were randomly assigned into two groups: a resveratrol group receiving oral 2 × 5 mg resveratrol and a control group receiving placebo. Before and after the second and fourth weeks of the trial, insulin resistance/sensitivity, creatinine-normalised ortho-tyrosine level in urine samples (as a measure of oxidative stress), incretin levels and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt):protein kinase B (Akt) ratio in platelets were assessed and statistically analysed. After the fourth week, resveratrol significantly decreased insulin resistance (homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance) and urinary ortho-tyrosine excretion, while it increased the pAkt:Akt ratio in platelets. On the other hand, it had no effect on parameters that relate to β-cell function (i.e. homeostasis model of assessment of β-cell function). The present study shows for the first time that resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in humans, which might be due to a resveratrol-induced decrease in oxidative stress that leads to a more efficient insulin signalling via the Akt pathway.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Spontaneously Self-Reported Postprandial Hypoglycemia After Bariatric Surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 3600-3607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Nannipieri ◽  
Anna Belligoli ◽  
Daniela Guarino ◽  
Luca Busetto ◽  
Diego Moriconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Fasting Glycemia ◽  
Glucose Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Glucose

Context: Postprandial hypoglycemia (PPHG) is a recognized complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Data on PPHG after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are scant. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify preoperative predictors of PPHG in subjects spontaneously self-reporting PPHG after RYGB or LSG. Patients, Setting, and Intervention: Nondiabetic patients spontaneously self-reporting symptoms/signs of PPHG (PPHG group, 21 RYGB and 11 LSG) were compared in a case-control design with subjects who never experienced spontaneous or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-induced hypoglycemia over 24 months after surgery (No-PPHG group, 13 RYGB and 40 LSG). Paired pre- and postoperative 3-hour OGTTs were analyzed in all participants. Main Outcome Measures: Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the oral glucose insulin sensitivity index and β-cell function by mathematical modeling of the C-peptide response to glucose. Results: Before surgery, the body mass index was lower in PPHG than No-PPHG patients in the RYGB (P = .002) and trended similarly in the LSG group (P = .08). Fasting glycemia and the glucose-OGTT nadir were lower in the PPHG than the No-PPHG subjects in both surgery groups. Before surgery, insulin sensitivity was higher in PPHG than No-PPHG in the RYGB (393 ± 55 vs 325 ± 44 mL/min−1 · m−2, P = .001) and LSG groups (380 ± 48 vs 339 ± 60 mL/min−1 · m−2, P = .05) and improved to a similar extent in all groups after surgery. Before surgery, β-cell glucose sensitivity was higher in PPHG than No-PPHG in both RYGB (118 ± 67 vs 65 ± 24 pmol/min−1 · m2 · mM−1) and LSG patients (114 ± 32 vs 86 ± 33) (both P = .02) and improved in all subjects after surgery. Conclusions: In subjects self-reporting PPHG after surgery, lower presurgery plasma glucose concentrations, higher insulin sensitivity, and better β-cell glucose sensitivity are significant predictors of PPHG after both RYGB and LSG.

The relation of thyroid hormone levels and reduced insulin sensitivity to survival of patients with septic shock

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Halvatsiotis ◽  
S Stefanopoulou ◽  
A Kotanidou ◽  
S Orfanos ◽  
C Martinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

scholarly journals Elevated heart rate predicts β cell function in non-diabetic individuals: the RISC cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Bonnet ◽  
Jean-Philippe Empana ◽  
Andrea Natali ◽  
Lucilla Monti ◽  
Alain Golay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate ◽  
Impaired Glucose Regulation ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Glucose Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Glucose

ContextElevated heart rate has been associated with insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes but its relationship with β-cell function is not known. Our aim was to investigate whether baseline heart rate is associated with β-cell function and hyperglycaemia.MethodsWe used the prospective RISC cohort with 1005 non-diabetic individuals who had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after 3 years. Impaired glucose regulation was defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥6.1 mmol/l or a 2-h plasma glucose ≥7.8 mmol/l. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the OGIS index and insulin secretion and β-cell glucose sensitivity at both baseline and 3 years.ResultsBaseline heart rate was positively related to both fasting (P<0.0001) and 2 h glucose levels (P=0.02) at year 3 and predicted the presence of impaired glucose regulation at year 3 in a logistic regression model adjusting for insulin sensitivity at inclusion (OR/10 beats per min: 1.31; 95% CI (1.07–1.61);P=0.01). Baseline heart rate was associated with lower insulin sensitivity (β=−0.11;P<.0001), a decrease in both β-cell glucose sensitivity (β=−0.11;P=0.003) and basal insulin secretion rate (β=−0.11;P=0.002) at 3 years in an adjusted multivariable regression model. Baseline heart rate predicted the 3-year decrease in β-cell glucose sensitivity (β=−0.10;P=0.007) and basal insulin secretion (β=−0.12;P=0.007).ConclusionsHeart rate predicts β-cell function and impaired glucose regulation at 3 years in non-diabetic individuals, independently of the level of insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest a possible effect of the sympathetic nervous system on β-cell dysfunction, which deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Increased β-Cell Responsivity Independent of Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy African American Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. e2429-e2438
Author(s):  
Latif Armiyaw ◽  
Camila Sarcone ◽  
Andin Fosam ◽  
Ranganath Muniyappa
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucose Clamp Technique ◽  
Cell Glucose

Abstract Background Primary insulin hypersecretion predicts type 2 diabetes (T2DM) independent of insulin resistance. Enhanced β-cell glucose responsivity contributes to insulin hypersecretion. African Americans (AAs) are at a higher risk for T2DM than non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Whether AAs manifest primary insulin hypersecretion is an important topic that has not been examined systematically. Objective To examine if nondiabetic AA adults have a higher β-cell glucose responsivity compared with NHWs. Methods Healthy nondiabetic AA (n = 18) and NHW (n=18) subjects were prospectively recruited. Indices of β-cell function, acute C-peptide secretion (X0); basal (Φ B), first-phase (Φ 1), second-phase (Φ 2), and total β-cell responsivity to glucose (Φ TOT), were derived from modeling of insulin, C-peptide, and glucose concentrations during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic glucose clamp technique. Results Glucose disposal rate (GDR) during clamp was similar in AAs and NHWs (GDR: [AA] 12.6 ± 3.2 vs [NHW] 12.6 ± 4.2 mg/kg fat free mass +17.7/min, P = .49). Basal insulin secretion rates were similar between the groups. AA had significantly higher X0 (4423 ± 593 vs 1807 ± 176 pmol/L, P = .007), Φ 1 [377.5 ± 59.0 vs 194.5 ± 26.6 (109) P = 0.03], and Φ TOT [76.7 ± 18.3 vs 29.6 ± 4.7 (109/min), P = 0.03], with no significant ethnic differences in Φ B and Φ 2. Conclusions Independent of insulin sensitivity, AAs showed significantly higher first-phase and total β-cell responsivity than NHWs. We propose that this difference reflects increased β-cell responsivity specifically to first-phase readily releasable insulin secretion. Future studies are warranted to identify mechanisms leading to primary β-cell hypersensitivity in AAs.

Association of altered thyroid hormone levels with insulin resistance and vitamin D levels in pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Vusale Gozutok ◽  
Eser Ozyurek ◽  
Didem Kafadar ◽  
Emel Gokmen ◽  
Bennur Esen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Altered Thyroid ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Assessment of oxidative stress, trace elements, serum biochemistry, and hormones levels in weaned calves with dermatophytosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 2653
Author(s):  
K SEZER ◽  
B HANEDAN ◽  
M OZCELIK ◽  
A KIRBAS
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Total Oxidative Stress

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate oxidative stress, serum biochemistry, trace elements, minerals, and testosterone and thyroid hormone levels in weaned calves with dermatophytosis. A total of 28 weaned Holstein calves were used in the study, including 6-8 months old, 14 with dermatophytosis (7 males, 7 females) and 14 healthy (7 males, 7 females). The animals were grouped as the diseased and healthy animals, 14 animals in each group as well as the male diseased and the male healthy animals were grouped as 7 animals in each group for the comparison of testosterone levels. The blood analyses were performed using ELISA kits and biochemistry automatic analyzer. There was a significant difference between the diseased and healthy groups for NO (nitric oxide) (P<0.05), TOS (total oxidative stress) (P<0.001), TAC (total antioxidant capacity) (P<0.01). However, in comparison of the diseased and healthy groups, serum biochemistry with the exception of glucose and triglyceride,trace elements except for manganese, minerals, and thyroid hormone levels were not statistically different (P>0.05). In comparison of the diseased and healthy animals for testosterone levels, it was not determined any difference (P>0.05). The present study revealed that dermatophytosis could affect oxidant status in calves with dermatophytosis, and that TOC (total oxidant capacity) and NO as oxidative stress marker might be increased for fungicidal effect in the diseased animals with dermatophytosis.

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