High-sucrose diet increases ROS generation, FFA accumulation, UCP2 level, and proton leak in liver mitochondria

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. E1198-E1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez ◽  
Monserrath Chávez-Salgado ◽  
José Antonio Peñeda-Flores ◽  
Estrella Zapata ◽  
Felipe Masso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Sucrose

Obesity, a risk factor for insulin resistance, contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between increased levels of free fatty acids in the liver mitochondria, mitochondrial function, and ROS generation in rat model of obesity induced by a high-sucrose diet was not sufficiently established. We determined how the bioenergetic functions and ROS generation of the mitochondria respond to a hyperlipidemic environment. Mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats generated H2O2 at a higher rate than the control mitochondria. Adding fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin to mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats significantly reduced the rate of H2O2 generation. In contrast, adding exogenous oleic or linoleic acid exacerbated the rate of H2O2 generation in both sucrose-fed and control mitochondria, and the mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats were more sensitive than the control mitochondria. The increased rate of H2O2 generation in sucrose-fed mitochondria corresponded to decreased levels of reduced GSH and vitamin E and increased levels of Cu/Zn-SOD in the intermembrane space. There was no difference between the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the two types of mitochondria. In addition to the normal activity of Mn-SOD, GPX and catalase detected an increased activity of complex II, and upregulation of UCP2 was observed in mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats, all of which may accelerate respiration rates and reduce generation of ROS. In turn, these effects may protect the mitochondria of sucrose-fed rats from oxidative stress and preserve their function and integrity. However, in whole liver these adaptive mechanisms of the mitochondria were inefficient at counteracting redox imbalances and inhibiting oxidative stress outside of the mitochondria.

scholarly journals Spirulina Lipids Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Yang ◽  
Lei Du ◽  
Masashi Hosokawa ◽  
Kazuo Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

High-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-induced obesity leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory status. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of total lipids extracted from Spirulina. Hence, in the present study, Spirulina lipids were extracted with chloroform/methanol (SLC) or ethanol (SLE) and then their effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in the mice fed a HFHSD were investigated. The results show that the major lipid classes and fatty acid profiles of SLC and SLE were almost similar, but the gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoid contents in SLE was a little higher than that in SLC. Dietary 4% SLC or SLE for 12 weeks effectively decreased the hepatic lipid hydroperoxide levels as well as increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in the mice fed a HFHSD. In addition, supplementation with SLC and SLE also markedly decreased the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue of mice fed a HFHSD, and the effects of SLC and SLE were comparable. These findings confirm for the first time that dietary Spirulina lipids could alleviate HFHSD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.

scholarly journals Indicators of immunoreactivity in rats under conditions of different nutrition regimen

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
O. M. Voloshchuk ◽  
◽  
T. V. Luchyk ◽  
G. P. Kopylchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Haematological Indices ◽  
High Sucrose

The research deals with the integral haematological indices such as markers of immunoreactivity and phagocytic activity of neutrophils in animals kept in conditions of a nutrient imbalance. The animals were divided into four experimental groups: I — animals receiving full-value semi-synthetic ration (control group); II — animals receiving low-protein ration (LPR); III — animals receiving high-sucrose diet (HS); IV — animals receiving low-protein/high-sucrose diet (LPR/HS). It has been found that in animals kept in conditions of nutritional protein deficiency there was a disturbance of the specific immune response, as evidenced by a decrease in the immunoreactivity index and an increase in the index of neutrophils and leukocytes ratio. At the same time, no significant changes in the index of blood leukocytes shift and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were found, indicating the preservation of the non-specific immune response activity. However, in animals of this experimental group compensation of endotoxemia and a decrease in the adaptation index were observed, indicating an inhibition of the adaptive mechanisms. Similar changes in the integral haematological indices were observed in animals kept on a high-sucrose ration. It has been shown that animals consuming a low protein/high-sucrose ration have low immunological reactivity, as evidenced by a 3.4-fold decrease in the immunoreactivity index and a 1.5-fold increase in the blood leukocyte shift index, and disturbances in specific immune response (marker is an increase in the neutrophils and lymphocytes ratio), as well as a significant decrease in the phagocytic index, indicating the ineffectiveness of immune reactions involving neutrophils. At the same time, the intensification of the adaptive mechanisms and a three-fold increase in the reactive neutrophil response index indicates the subcompensation stage of endotoxemia. It is concluded that studied integral haematological parameters can be used as additional early diagnostic markers of impaired immunoreactivity and endotoxemia in animals kept in conditions of different protein and sucrose content in the diet.

Metabolic Syndrome in the Rat: Females are Protected Against the Pro-Oxidant Effect of a High Sucrose Diet

2002 ◽  
Vol 227 (9) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Busserolles ◽  
Andrzej Mazur ◽  
Elyett Gueux ◽  
Edmond Rock ◽  
Yves Rayssiguier
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Oxidant Effect ◽  
High Sucrose

Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in men than in women. In an experimental dietary model of metabolic syndrome, the high-fructose–fed rat, oxidative stress has been observed in males. Given that estradiol has been documented to exert an antioxidant effect, we investigated whether female rats were better protected than males against the adverse effects of a high-sucrose diet, and we studied the influence of hormonal status in female rats. Males and females were first fed a sucrose-based or starch-based diet for 2 weeks. In the males, the plasma triglyceride (TG)-raising effect of sucrose was accompanied by significantly lowered plasma α-tocopherol and a significantly lowered α-tocopherol/TG ratio (30%), suggesting that vitamin E depletion may predispose lipoproteins to subsequent oxidative stress. In males, after exposure of heart tissue homogenate to iron-induced lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric reactive substances were significantly higher in the sucrose-fed than in the starch-fed rats. In contrast, in sucrose-fed females, neither a decrease in vitamin E/TG ratio nor an increased susceptibility of heart tissue to peroxidation was observed, despite both a significantly decreased heart superoxide dismutase activity (14%) and a significant 3-fold increase in plasma nitric oxide concentration compared with starch-fed females. The influence of hormonal status in female rats was then assessed using intact, ovariectomized, or estradlol-supplemented ovariectomized female rats fed the sucrose or starch diet for 2 weeks. After exposure of heart tissue to iron-induced lipid peroxidation, higher susceptibility to peroxidation was found only in ovariectomized females fed the sucrose diet compared with the starch group and not in intact females or ovariectomized females supplemented with estradiol. Thus, estrogens, by their effects on antioxidant capacity, might explain the sexual difference in the pro-oxidant effect of sucrose diet resulting in metabolic syndrome in rats.

High sucrose diet attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation and liver injury in thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis

Life Sciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 118944
Author(s):  
Bianca Sulzbacher da Silva ◽  
Angélica Macedo Borgês Paulino ◽  
Maiara Taffarel ◽  
Ian Gabriel Borba ◽  
Luciana Ortega Telles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals N-Acetylcysteine anAlliumPlant Compound Improves High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Obesity and Related Effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele A. Souza ◽  
Geovana X. Ebaid ◽  
Fábio R. F. Seiva ◽  
Katiucha H. R. Rocha ◽  
Cristiano Machado Galhardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

This study was designed to determine whetherN-acetylcysteine (NAC, C5H9–NO3S), a compound fromAlliumspecies may be used as a complementary therapeutic agent, to inhibit high-sucrose induced-obesity and its effects on glucose tolerance,in vivolow-density lipoprotein (LDL)-oxidation and serum oxidative stress in rats. Initially, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: controls receiving standard chow (C,n= 6) and those receiving high-sucrose diet (HS,n= 18). After 22 days, (HS) group was divided into three groups (n= 6/group); (HS-HS) continued to eat high-sucrose diet and water; (HS-N) continued to eat high-sucrose diet and received 2 mg l−1-NAC in its drinking water; (HS-CN) changing high-sucrose to standard chow and receiving 2 mg l­1-NAC in its drinking water. After 22 days of the HS-group division (44 days of experimental period) body weight, body mass index and surface area were enhanced in HS-HS rats (P< .001). HS-HS rats had glucose intolerance, increased serum triacylglycerol (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL) and lipid-hydroperoxide (LH) than the others (P< .01). NAC in HS-N and HS-CN rats reduced the obesity markers, feed efficiency, LH and ox-LDL, as well normalized glucose response, TG and VLDL (P< .01) in these groups compared with HS-HS. Total antioxidant substances, GSH/GSSG ratio and glutathione-reductase, were higher in HS-N than in HS-HS (P< .01). In conclusion, NAC improved high-sucrose diet-induced obesity and its effects on glucose tolerance, lipid profile,in vivoLDL-oxidation and serum oxidative stress, enhancing antioxidant defences. The application of this agent may be feasible and beneficial for high-sucrose diet-induced obesity, which certainly would bring new insights on obesity-related adverse effects control.

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