scholarly journals Indicators of immunoreactivity in rats under conditions of different nutrition regimen

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
O. M. Voloshchuk ◽  
◽  
T. V. Luchyk ◽  
G. P. Kopylchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Haematological Indices ◽  
High Sucrose

The research deals with the integral haematological indices such as markers of immunoreactivity and phagocytic activity of neutrophils in animals kept in conditions of a nutrient imbalance. The animals were divided into four experimental groups: I — animals receiving full-value semi-synthetic ration (control group); II — animals receiving low-protein ration (LPR); III — animals receiving high-sucrose diet (HS); IV — animals receiving low-protein/high-sucrose diet (LPR/HS). It has been found that in animals kept in conditions of nutritional protein deficiency there was a disturbance of the specific immune response, as evidenced by a decrease in the immunoreactivity index and an increase in the index of neutrophils and leukocytes ratio. At the same time, no significant changes in the index of blood leukocytes shift and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were found, indicating the preservation of the non-specific immune response activity. However, in animals of this experimental group compensation of endotoxemia and a decrease in the adaptation index were observed, indicating an inhibition of the adaptive mechanisms. Similar changes in the integral haematological indices were observed in animals kept on a high-sucrose ration. It has been shown that animals consuming a low protein/high-sucrose ration have low immunological reactivity, as evidenced by a 3.4-fold decrease in the immunoreactivity index and a 1.5-fold increase in the blood leukocyte shift index, and disturbances in specific immune response (marker is an increase in the neutrophils and lymphocytes ratio), as well as a significant decrease in the phagocytic index, indicating the ineffectiveness of immune reactions involving neutrophils. At the same time, the intensification of the adaptive mechanisms and a three-fold increase in the reactive neutrophil response index indicates the subcompensation stage of endotoxemia. It is concluded that studied integral haematological parameters can be used as additional early diagnostic markers of impaired immunoreactivity and endotoxemia in animals kept in conditions of different protein and sucrose content in the diet.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Protein and Fat Content on Intrahepatocellular and Intramyocellular Lipids during a 6-Day Hypercaloric, High Sucrose Diet: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Surowska ◽  
Prasanthi Jegatheesan ◽  
Vanessa Campos ◽  
Anne-Sophie Marques ◽  
Léonie Egli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Sucrose overfeeding increases intrahepatocellular (IHCL) and intramyocellular (IMCL) lipid concentrations in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that these effects would be modulated by diet protein/fat content. Twelve healthy men and women were studied on two occasions in a randomized, cross-over trial. On each occasion, they received a 3-day 12% protein weight maintenance diet (WM) followed by a 6-day hypercaloric high sucrose diet (150% energy requirements). On one occasion the hypercaloric diet contained 5% protein and 25% fat (low protein-high fat, LP-HF), on the other occasion it contained 20% protein and 10% fat (high protein-low fat, HP-LF). IHCL and IMCL concentrations (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry) were measured after WM, and again after HP-LF/LP-HF. IHCL increased from 25.0 ± 3.6 after WM to 147.1 ± 26.9 mmol/kg wet weight (ww) after LP-HF and from 30.3 ± 7.7 to 57.8 ± 14.8 after HP-LF (two-way ANOVA with interaction: p < 0.001 overfeeding x protein/fat content). IMCL increased from 7.1 ± 0.6 to 8.8 ± 0.7 mmol/kg ww after LP-HF and from 6.2 ± 0.6 to 6.9 ± 0.6 after HP-LF, (p < 0.002). These results indicate that liver and muscle fat deposition is enhanced when sucrose overfeeding is associated with a low protein, high fat diet compared to a high protein, low fat diet.

High-sucrose diet increases ROS generation, FFA accumulation, UCP2 level, and proton leak in liver mitochondria

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. E1198-E1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez ◽  
Monserrath Chávez-Salgado ◽  
José Antonio Peñeda-Flores ◽  
Estrella Zapata ◽  
Felipe Masso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Sucrose

Obesity, a risk factor for insulin resistance, contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between increased levels of free fatty acids in the liver mitochondria, mitochondrial function, and ROS generation in rat model of obesity induced by a high-sucrose diet was not sufficiently established. We determined how the bioenergetic functions and ROS generation of the mitochondria respond to a hyperlipidemic environment. Mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats generated H2O2 at a higher rate than the control mitochondria. Adding fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin to mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats significantly reduced the rate of H2O2 generation. In contrast, adding exogenous oleic or linoleic acid exacerbated the rate of H2O2 generation in both sucrose-fed and control mitochondria, and the mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats were more sensitive than the control mitochondria. The increased rate of H2O2 generation in sucrose-fed mitochondria corresponded to decreased levels of reduced GSH and vitamin E and increased levels of Cu/Zn-SOD in the intermembrane space. There was no difference between the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the two types of mitochondria. In addition to the normal activity of Mn-SOD, GPX and catalase detected an increased activity of complex II, and upregulation of UCP2 was observed in mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats, all of which may accelerate respiration rates and reduce generation of ROS. In turn, these effects may protect the mitochondria of sucrose-fed rats from oxidative stress and preserve their function and integrity. However, in whole liver these adaptive mechanisms of the mitochondria were inefficient at counteracting redox imbalances and inhibiting oxidative stress outside of the mitochondria.

Hepatic Transcriptomic Signature of High-Sucrose Diet in Nonobese Model of Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1723-P
Author(s):  
IRENA MARKOVÁ ◽  
MARTINA HÜTTL ◽  
HANA MALINSKA ◽  
ONDREJ SEDA ◽  
LUDMILA KAZDOVA
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Motor learning impairment in rats under a high sucrose diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 113384
Author(s):  
Nayely Flores-Fuentes ◽  
Carolina Hernandez-Cruz ◽  
Karina Bermeo ◽  
Antonio Barajas-Martinez ◽  
Valeria Nayely Hernandez-Serratos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Learning Impairment ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals Metabolic control of daily locomotor activity mediated by tachykinin in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hyuk Lee ◽  
Eunjoo Cho ◽  
Sung-Eun Yoon ◽  
Youngjoon Kim ◽  
Eun Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Locomotor Activities ◽  
Locomotor Behaviors ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMetabolism influences locomotor behaviors, but the understanding of neural curcuit control for that is limited. Under standard light-dark cycles, Drosophila exhibits bimodal morning (M) and evening (E) locomotor activities that are controlled by clock neurons. Here, we showed that a high-nutrient diet progressively extended M activity but not E activity. Drosophila tachykinin (DTk) and Tachykinin-like receptor at 86C (TkR86C)-mediated signaling was required for the extension of M activity. DTk neurons were anatomically and functionally connected to the posterior dorsal neuron 1s (DN1ps) in the clock neuronal network. The activation of DTk neurons reduced intracellular Ca2+ levels in DN1ps suggesting an inhibitory connection. The contacts between DN1ps and DTk neurons increased gradually over time in flies fed a high-sucrose diet, consistent with the locomotor behavior. DN1ps have been implicated in integrating environmental sensory inputs (e.g., light and temperature) to control daily locomotor behavior. This study revealed that DN1ps also coordinated nutrient information through DTk signaling to shape daily locomotor behavior.

Effects on Serum Lipids of Different Dietary Fats Associated with a High Sucrose Diet

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Mann ◽  
G. S. Watermeyer ◽  
E. B. Manning ◽  
J. Randles ◽  
A. S. Truswell
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Complex Carbohydrate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Dietary Period ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

1. Each of nine volunteers was fed three different diets. The percentage of total daily energy provided by fat, carbohydrate and protein remained constant, but the nature of the fat and carbohydrate was altered. The first diet contained ordinary amounts of sucrose and predominantly saturated fat. During the second dietary period, fat remained saturated, but the quantity of sucrose was increased at the expense of complex carbohydrate. In the third dietary period, the sucrose intake remained high, but fat was supplied chiefly in the polyunsaturated form. 2. A small but statistically significant increase of serum fasting cholesterol and triglyceride was observed during the second dietary period, but on the third diet levels of both lipids fell to concentrations not significantly different from those seen on the first diet.

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