The role of hepatic arterial flow on portal venous and hepatic venous wedged pressure in the isolated perfused CCl4-cirrhotic liver

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. G197-G202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Zipprich ◽  
Mauricio R. Loureiro-Silva ◽  
Irita D'Silva ◽  
Roberto J. Groszmann
Keyword(s):  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Hepatic Arterial Flow ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
And Control

In cirrhosis, hepatic venous pressure gradient is used to measure portal venous and sinusoidal pressures, as well as drug-induced decreases of elevated pressures. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of hepatic arterial flow (HAF) changes on portal venous perfusion (PVPP) and wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP). Normal and CCl4-cirrhotic rats were subjected to a bivascular liver perfusion with continuous measurements of PVPP, WHVP, and hepatic arterial perfusion pressure. Flow-pressure curves were performed with the use of different flows either through the portal vein (PVF: 20–32 ml/min) or HAF (5–15 ml/min). Increases in HAF lead to significant absolute and relative increases in PVPP ( P = 0.002) and WHVP ( P < 0.001). Absolute changes in HAF correlated to absolute changes in PVPP (cirrhosis: r = 0.64, P < 0.001; control: r = 0.67, P < 0.001) and WHVP (cirrhosis: r = 0.71, P < 0.001; control: r = 0.82, P < 0.001). Changes in PVPP correlated to changes in WHVP due to changes in PVF only in cirrhosis ( r = 0.75, P < 0.001), whereas changes in HAF correlated in both cirrhosis ( r = 0.92, P < 0.001) and control ( r = 0.77, P < 0.001). In conclusion, increases and decreases in HAF lead to respective changes in PVPP and WHVP. This suggests a direct influence of HAF on PVPP and WHVP most likely due to changes in sinusoidal perfusion.

Hepatic circulatory changes following endotoxin shock in the dog

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Muller ◽  
Louis L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Portal Pressure ◽  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Hepatic Arterial Flow ◽  
Endotoxin Administration

Hepatic arterial and portal venous pressure, flow, and resistance changes have been measured in healthy dogs following the administration of intravenous Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin. The hepatic circulatory changes have been compared with those occurring in total body hemodynamics. Intravenous endotoxin caused an immediate fall in blood pressure, cardiac output, and central venous pressure. There was an abrupt rise in the net portal pressure which was associated with a marked fall in hepatic arterial and portal venous flows following endotoxin administration. There was a gradual reduction in the ratio of portal venous to hepatic arterial flow indicating relative maintenance of the hepatic arterial circulation during the period of endotoxin shock. Hepatic arterial flow increased from 7 to 9% of cardiac output, whereas portal venous flow fell from 15 to 11% of cardiac output following endotoxin administration. The hematocrit showed a progressive rise during the period of observation indicating acute plasma volume reduction. This finding suggests that some of the changes observed in hepatic circulation following endotoxin administration may be due to acute plasma volume reduction.

Kinin and tubuloglomerular feedback in normal and hydronephrotic rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (6) ◽  
pp. F868-F873 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Morsing ◽  
A. E. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Tubuloglomerular Feedback ◽  
Glomerular Function ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Extracellular Volume Expansion ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stop Flow

The role of bradykinin in resetting the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism was studied with the stop-flow technique in control and hydronephrotic Inactin-anesthetized rats. Glomerular function was assessed by measuring stop-flow pressure (Psf); the maximal decrease in stop-flow pressure (delta Psf) with increased loop of Henle perfusion and the perfusion that elicited half-maximal delta Psf, the turning point (TP), were determined. Bradykinin infusion resulted in resetting of TGF in both control and hydronephrotic rats but in different directions. A decreased sensitivity was found in control rats (TP increased from 18.6 to 26.4 and 16.8 to 22.1 nl/min on systemic and intratubular administration, respectively). In hydronephrotic rats the sensitivity of TGF increased. TP decreased from 19.9 to 15.2 nl/min with bradykinin administered systemically and from 18.4 to 15.0 nl/min on intratubular administration. These results show that exogenous kinin administration mimics the effects of extracellular volume expansion on TGF resetting and demonstrate a difference in resetting in hydronephrotic and control kidneys.

scholarly journals Role of TIPS in Improving Survival of Patients with Decompensated Liver Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundeep J. Punamiya ◽  
Deepak N. Amarapurkar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Covered Stents ◽  
Decompensated Liver Disease ◽  
Portosystemic Shunts ◽  
Portal Decompression ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

Liver cirrhosis is associated with higher morbidity and reduced survival with appearance of portal hypertension and resultant decompensation. Portal decompression plays a key role in improving survival in these patients. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are known to be efficacious in reducing portal venous pressure and control of complications such as variceal bleeding and ascites. However, they have been associated with significant problems such as poor shunt durability, increased encephalopathy, and unchanged survival when compared with conservative treatment options. The last decade has seen a significant improvement in these complications, with introduction of covered stents, better selection of patients, and clearer understanding of procedural end-points. Use of TIPS early in the period of decompensation also appears promising in further improvement of survival of cirrhotic patients.

Morphogenesis of a New Human Herpes-Type Virus Isolate (Sasha Virus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
R. F. Zeigel ◽  
W. Munyon
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Hel Cells ◽  
And Control

In continuing studies on the role of viruses in biochemical transformation, Dr. Munyon has succeeded in isolating a highly infectious human herpes virus. Fluids of buccal pustular lesions from Sasha Munyon (10 mo. old) uiere introduced into monolayer sheets of human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures propagated in Eagles’ medium containing 5% calf serum. After 18 hours the cells exhibited a dramatic C.P.E. (intranuclear vacuoles, peripheral patching of chromatin, intracytoplasmic inclusions). Control HEL cells failed to reflect similar changes. Infected and control HEL cells were scraped from plastic flasks at 18 hrs. of incubation and centrifuged at 1200 × g for 15 min. Resultant cell packs uiere fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium, and post-fixed in aqueous uranyl acetate. Figure 1 illustrates typical hexagonal herpes-type nucleocapsids within the intranuclear virogenic regions. The nucleocapsids are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Nuclear membrane “translocation” (budding) uias observed.

The role of copper ions in hydrogen peroxide bleaching: Their origin, removal, and effect on pulp quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO E.G. LOUREIRO ◽  
SANDRINE DUARTE ◽  
DMITRY V. EVTUGUIN ◽  
M. GRAÇA V.S. CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Equipment Corrosion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Main Effects

This study puts particular emphasis on the role of copper ions in the performance of hydrogen peroxide bleaching (P-stage). Owing to their variable levels across the bleaching line due to washing filtrates, bleaching reagents, and equipment corrosion, these ions can play a major role in hydrogen peroxide decomposition and be detrimental to polysaccharide integrity. In this study, a Cu-contaminated D0(EOP)D1 prebleached pulp was subjected to an acidic washing (A-stage) or chelation (Q-stage) before the alkaline P-stage. The objective was to understand the isolated and combined role of copper ions in peroxide bleaching performance. By applying an experimental design, it was possible to identify the main effects of the pretreatment variables on the extent of metals removal and performance of the P-stage. The acid treatment was unsuccessful in terms of complete copper removal, magnesium preservation, and control of hydrogen peroxide consumption in the following P-stage. Increasing reaction temperature and time of the acidic A-stage improved the brightness stability of the D0(EOP)D1AP bleached pulp. The optimum conditions for chelation pretreatment to maximize the brightness gains obtained in the subsequent P-stage with the lowest peroxide consumption were 0.4% diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 80ºC, and 4.5 pH.

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document