Corrosion Study of Carbon Steel in Carbonated BUMEA-2EE Nonaqueous Solution

Different effort has been attempted to reduce the equipment corrosion of CO2 absorption using chemical solvents. In this paper, the corrosion of carbon steel in carbonated 2-(butylamino)ethanol (BUMEA)-2-ethoxyethanol (2EE) non-aqueous solution was studied by using a CHI602E electrochemical analyser. The polarization behaviour and corrosion rate of carbon steel in non-aqueous blends of BUMEA-2EE were investigated. The influence of temperature, the mass fraction of BUMEA (wBUMEA) and CO2 loading (α) on the corrosion rate were clarified.

Risk Assessment and Material Suitability Evaluation on Static Equipment of Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation Unit

In 2005, a 60 kt/a alkylation (ALK) unit began to resume production in the Second Oil Refinery Plant of Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Company. There have been many leak cases from pipeline welds, valve body, flange, etc. After a half-year period of operation, production process is stable. However, the operation of the hydrofluoric (HF) acid ALK unit has been suffered from corrosion problems. There are no clear answers and references to the following problems. What types of corrosion are currently in the main equipment for HF acid ALK unit? What does cause equipment corrosion? What are the main influencing factors for corrosion? What measures can be taken to reduce the corrosion of HF acid? In this paper, considering the acid-related conditions of the ALK unit, the damage mechanism and damage rate analysis were carried out to calculate the safety risk of the static equipment of the ALK unit. Based on the damage mechanism and failure history, the material suitability of the ALK unit was investigated. The anti-corrosion measures and recommended materials for important corrosion parts of the ALK unit were proposed. It is meaningful for reducing the number of shutdowns of ALK units and maintaining safe and stable operation of the unit.

Issue of technological equipment corrosion at chemical wood processing enterprises (review)

The review is devoted to the problem of corrosion in the chemical processing of wood. Corrosion processes of technological equipment at enterprises of the pulp and paper, hydrolysis and wood chemical industries are considered. The influence of the main chemical substances involved in the technological process or formed during the chemical processing of wood is discussed. The importance of using alloyed, corrosion-resistant steels of grades 10Kh17N13M2T, 10Kh17N13M3T, 08Kh17N15M3T in the processes of chemical transformation is shown. The information on methods of protection of structural materials from corrosion at enterprises in recent years is presented. The prospects of industrial use of the method of anodic protection, which consists in creating a passivating film on the surface of the protected structure by anodic polarization from an external source of direct current, is noted. The importance of using inhibitors in the composition of technological media is discussed, as one of the most effective ways to combat metal corrosion in aggressive media. It is noted that in addition to the well-known inhibitors of acid corrosion KI-1, PB-5, PKU-3, KhOSP-10, urotropin, KPI-3, I-1-V, BA-6, the use of green chemistry advances is promising, in particular, the use of as anticorrosive agents for waste processing of both wood itself and corrosion inhibitors based on plant extracts.

INVESTIGATION OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN WATER FOR COKE EXTINCTION

The article is devoted to the results of work for the study of the composition and quantitative content of suspended solids (SS) in the wastewater of coke plants before and after biochemical purification plants (BPP), as well as in other waters involved in the process of coke extinction. The characteristic indicators have been investigated of waters before and after BPP of five coke-chemical enterprises of Ukraine, as well as the chemical composition of suspended solids in water after BPP, etc. It is shown that SS in water after BPP is represented mainly by activated sludge, which is partially oxidized to CO2 when water is supplied to hot coke. The rest activated sludge is returned with water condensate to the settling tank of the extinction tower and, thus, is not emitted into the atmosphere in the form of SS. In addition to sludge, the particles of coke, coal and products of the equipment corrosion are present in the purified water after the BPP and in the water of the extinction tower settling tank. The possibility of the presence of concrete particles is also not excluded. To establish the nature of solid particles, their elemental composition and ash composition has been determined. In particular, it was found that the ash composition of suspended solids from water after BPP quantitatively differs from the both of ash composition of coal concentrates and the composition of concrete. For example, the mass fraction of silicon dioxide in the suspended solids of water after BTH is much lower than in concrete and in ash of coal concentrates. The detected predominance of iron (III) oxide in the composition of SS ash after BPP is explained by the presence in the selected samples of products of the equipment corrosion. Based on our research, it is proposed to make changes in the normative document "Technological standards of permissible emissions of pollutants from coke ovens", namely in chapter IV "Operating conditions of coke ovens" par. 8: to exclude such a normative value as the content of suspended solids in water after BPP, which is submitted for coke extinction. Keywords: water for coke extinction, water after biochemical purification, suspended solids (SS), content, chemical composition, elemental composition, ash composition. Corresponding author A.L. Borisenko, e-mail: [email protected]

INFLUENCE OF THE ANIONIC COMPOSITION AND ACID GAS CONTENT IN FORMATION WATERS OF PERM KRAI FIELDS ON CORROSION INHIBITOR EFFECTIVENESS

In the course of hydrocarbon deposit development, formation water starts entering the wells over time. An increasing produced water volume has a negative impact on economic indicators of oilfield developments and leads to other hazardous consequences, such as equipment corrosion. Downhole equipment corrosion causes largest financial losses, since well accidents entail expensive repairs. Therefore, it is critical to prevent the equipment corrosion. The study considers main properties and composition of formation waters. Based on an overview of open literature sources, we analyzed the impact of Cl–, SO4 –2, HCO3 – anions contained in the formation waters on corrosion process kinetics at the phase interface between metal (electrode) and water (electrolyte). The study also discusses the results of researches on the influence of dissolved acid gases (H2S and CO2) on corrosion mechanisms and rates. An influence of pH value on the corrosion rate is considered. Contents of various salts in the formation waters contribute to the complexity of corrosion processes occurring in real conditions. Presence of aggressive environments can accelerate corrosion in some instances, but sometimes it can slow it down; this fact also affects the inhibitor protection effectiveness. Based on laboratory analysis data, effectiveness of using the corrosion inhibitor in the formation waters with different compositions and properties is assessed. It has been established that presence of a mix of aggressive components – chloride ions and hydrogen sulfide – in the formation waters causes hydrogen sulfide corrosion inhibition and reduction of chloride corrosion rate. Presence of dissolved salt ions and acid gases in the formation waters improves effectiveness of the corrosion inhibitors due to strong passive films formed on steel equipment surfaces.

Sulfolane: Magic Extractor or Bad Actor? Pilot-Scale Study on Solvent Corrosion Potential

The sulfur-containing derivatives and their metabolites, regarded as ‘old devils of green’ chemistry, constitute a relevant class of air/water/soil contaminants in over-polluted world. In fact, some industrially-engineered solvents have become environmentally unfavorable. An attractive alternative to commonly used industrial liquids is sulfolane (C4H8SO2), an anthropogenic medium. The main objective of this paper is the comprehensive review focusing mainly on the state-of-the-art aspects of the sulfolane synthesis, application of sulfolane as an extractive solvent due to its ‘unique’ physicochemical properties as well as the potential of sulfolane to cause equipment corrosion and subsequent spills. The potential risk for groundwater contamination, danger for human health and ways of sulfolane biodegradation were briefly reviewed as well. Interestingly, the analysis performed on data stored in the Reaxys database revealed an alternating tendency of waxing and waning interest in sulfolane during the space of the last fifty years. Moreover, the primary goal of the presented case study was to verify applicability of industrial, multi-electrochemical technique for reliable detection of corrosion in low conductive process fluids. Several aspects of corrosion measurement including the impact of process parameters (temperature) and impurities (oxygen and chlorides) on stainless steel corrosion in pure sulfolane were investigated briefly.

Technological applications of volatile corrosion inhibitors

The objective of this review is to create a body of knowledge on the theoretical and practical aspects of corrosion inhibition to prevent and/or to eliminate corrosion in natural environments such as water, air, and acids and in industrial facilities such as oil, natural gas, concrete, paints and coatings, electronics, and military equipment. Corrosion inhibitors (CIs) and volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) are applied in diverse forms such as powders, pellets, aqueous, or solvent solutions and in impregnated papers; closed in pouches and sachets; and added to coatings. Natural CIs are extracted by water or organic solvents from suitable plants. They represent the advanced trends of corrosion management based on green chemistry.

Protection from Corrosive Destruction of Deep-Pump Equipment in Oil and Gas well

The article analyses corrosive stock in an oil and gas field, and the protection method for the equipment in boreholes and in oil pipelines is discussed. Subsurface pumping equipment corrosion rate monitoring method has been improved. In an oil and gas field, the inhibitor is pumped into the oil pipeline directly into the oil-gathering line and into the production boreholes with different dosages. Pilot testing was carried out to optimize the corrosion inhibitor dosage.