Mechanical aspects of rabbit fecal dehydration

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. G391-G394 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. McKie ◽  
W. Powrie ◽  
R. J. Naftalin
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Fluid Permeability ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient ◽  
Fecal Water ◽  
Prolonged Retention ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
Rabbit Feces

The hydrostatic pressure required to reduce the water content of rabbit feces in an odometer from greater than 80 to less than 65% was approximately 5 atm. This pressure was unaffected by raising the temperature from 20 to 37 degrees C. It became progressively more difficult to dehydrate feces as consolidation occurred, as is evident from the significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in the fecal consolidation coefficient (Co) from 1.76 +/- 0.25 X 10(-6) (n = 4) to 1.35 +/- 0.093 X 10(-7) m2/s (n = 4) and the fecal fluid permeability coefficient (k) from 4.10 +/- 0.51 X 10(-8) (n = 4) to 1.42 +/- 0.12 X 10(-10) m/s (n = 4), concomitant with the reduction in fecal water content. The results suggest that rabbit hard feces are unlikely to be produced, under physiological conditions, by mechanical pressure exerted by the wall of the colon or by a prolonged retention time of hard feces by the distal colon. The hypertonic absorbate (1,000 mosmol/kg) produced by rabbit descending colon is of sufficient magnitude to overcome the fecal resistance to dehydration.

Osmotic equilibria in fibroblasts in tissue culture measured by immersion refractometry

1958 ◽  
Vol 149 (934) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Osmotic Behaviour ◽  
Osmotic Properties ◽  
Saline Medium

Volume-osmotic pressure relationships at equilibrium have been obtained in chick heart fibroblasts grown in slide-coverslip cultures in a fluid medium consisting of heparinized plasma and embryo extract. The refractive index of the fibroblast gives a direct measure of its solid concentration, and the volume is estimated as the reciprocal of concentration. The volume is found to be linearly related to the reciprocal of the osmotic pressure over a range from 130 to 587 m-osm, provided the measurements are carried out rapidly at 38°C. The isotonic water content of the cells derived from the gradient of the regression line on the basis of the simple Boyle-van’t Hoff Law was found to be less than actual water content obtained by direct refractometry, i. e. the value of Ponder’s ℛ was 0⋅94 (s. d. 0⋅04). In cultures grown in a simple saline medium and measured at 22°C the volume was related linearly to the reciprocal of the osmotic pressure only between the limits of 330 and 191 m-osm. Outside these limits the volume was greater than expected and this was attributed to alterations in the semi-permeable properties of the cell membrane. The value of Ponder’s ℛ in these cultures was 1⋅15. The importance of the quantity, ℛ, as applied to cells other than the erythrocyte, is indicated. The value, 0⋅94 (s. d. 0⋅04), obtained in fibroblasts under physiological conditions is not explicable on the basis of the probable osmotic properties in vitro of the cell proteins. The discrepancy is within the experimental error, but it may also be due to abnormal osmotic behaviour of the cell proteins resulting from some form of intermolecular structure in the cytoplasm.

Human fecal water content of phenolics: The extent of colonic exposure to aromatic compounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Jenner ◽  
Joseph Rafter ◽  
Barry Halliwell
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Fecal Water

Sa1801 Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Knockout (KO) Mice Show Reduced Daily Water Intake, and Body and Fecal Water Content

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. S-336
Author(s):  
Seiichi Yakabi ◽  
Hiroshi Karasawa ◽  
John Vu ◽  
Patrizia M. Germano ◽  
Kazuhiko Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Fecal Water ◽  
Daily Water

scholarly journals Oral Administration of Penicillin or Streptomycin May Alter Serum Serotonin Level and Intestinal Motility via Different Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuihong Zhu ◽  
Huashan Gong ◽  
Ping Luo ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Fecal Water ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
Induced Changes

Background/AimsEnterochromaffin cells (EC cells) constitute the largest population of enteroendocrine cells and release serotonin (5-HT) in response to mechanical and chemical cues of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). How EC cells respond to altered microbiota such as due to antibiotic treatments remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the pacemaker channel HCN2 might contribute to the regulation of EC cells functions and their responses to antibiotics-induced changes in intestinal flora.MethodsMice were given either penicillin or streptomycin or both in drinking water for 10 consecutive days. The changes in the profile of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum following penicillin or streptomycin treatments were tested by GC-MS. Serum 5-HT content, whole intestinal transit time, fecal water content, cecum weight and expression of HCN2 and TPH1 in cecal mucosa were measured. Ivabradine (a HCN channels blocker) was used to explore the role of HCN2 in penicillin-induced changes in 5-HT availability and intestinal motility.ResultsHCN2 immunofluorescence was detected on intestinal EC cells. Both penicillin and streptomycin caused significant reduction in total SCFAs in the cecum, with the penicillin-treated group showing greater reductions in butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate levels than the streptomycin group. The expression of HCN2 was increased in the mice treated with penicillin, whereas TPH1 expression was increased in the mice treated with streptomycin. Mice treated with antibiotics all had larger and heavier cecum, elevated serum 5-HT level and increased fecal water content. Besides, mice treated with penicillin had prolonged intestinal transit time. Intraperitoneal injection of Ivabradine attenuated the effect of penicillin on serum 5-HT level, cecum size and weight, intestinal motility, and fecal water content.ConclusionDisruptions of the intestinal flora structure due to oral administration of penicillin may significantly increase serum 5-HT level and inhibit intestinal motility, at least partially through up-regulating the expression of HCN2. Oral administration of streptomycin may alter 5-HT availability by up-regulating TPH1 expression thus increasing synthesis of 5-HT. Alterations of intestinal flora composition due to exposure to different antibiotics may regulate 5-HT availability and intestinal motility through different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Laxative Activities of 80% Methanolic Extract of the Leaves of Grewia ferruginea Hochst Ex A Rich in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2092692
Author(s):  
Mulusew Yemiru Tessema ◽  
Zewdu Birhanu Wubneh ◽  
Assefa Belay Asrie
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Fecal Water ◽  
The Mean

Background. There are numerous medicinal plants including the leaves of Grewia ferruginea used as traditional medicine for the treatment of constipation. This study was conducted to evaluate the laxative activity of the leaves of G ferruginea. Methods. The laxative activity of the leaves of G ferruginea was tested using 3 models: laxative activity, gastrointestinal motility, and gastrointestinal secretion tests. The effect of the plant extract on mean number of feces, fecal water content, ratio of intestinal distance traveled by the charcoal meal and intestinal fluid accumulation were evaluated and analyzed. Results. Significant increase was observed in the mean weight of wet fecal matter at 200 (1.00 ± 0.03 g, P < .05) and 400 mg/kg (1.01 ± 0.02 g, P < .01), relative to loperamide constipated negative control group. Similarly, percent fecal water content was significantly improved in extract treated groups at 100 mg/kg (52.10% ± 2.04%, P < .05), 200 mg/kg (54.02% ± 2.15%, P < .01), and 400 mg/kg (54.25% ± 2.50%, P < .01) compared with the negative control group. The gastroinestinal transit ratio was also significantly increased with 200 mg/kg ( P < .01) and 400 mg/kg ( P < .001) of the extract relative to the constipated negative control. The crude extract showed significant increase in intestinal fluid accumulation at 200 mg/kg (0.48 ± 0.07 g, P < .05) and 400 mg/kg (0.51 ± 0.08 g, P < .01) compared with the negative control. Conclusion. The results of the present study indicated that 80% methanol extract of the leaves of G ferruginea possessed significant laxative activity. As such, this study corroborates the traditional claim of using G ferruginea in the treatment of constipation.

Study on Consolidation Test for Fresh Soft Dredger Fill

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Ai Rong Zheng ◽  
Fan Liu ◽  
Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Deformation Rate ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Compression Modulus ◽  
Consolidation Test ◽  
Sample Height ◽  
Compressibility Coefficient ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient ◽  
Dredger Fill

The consolidation test was performed to samples of fresh soft dredger fill with heights of 2cm, 3cm and 4cm with full-automatic pneumatic consolidometer. The results show that: the soil sample deforms greatly during the consolidation with significant decrease in water content and small consolidation coefficient. The sample height has negligible effect on the deformation rate, compression modulus, compressibility coefficient, etc., while it is closely related to the consolidation coefficient with an inverse relationship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document