scholarly journals Importance of mechanical signals in promoting exercise-induced improvements in vasomotor function of aged skeletal muscle resistance arteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. H602-H609
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Woodman ◽  
John W. Seawright ◽  
Meredith J. Luttrell ◽  
Song Yi Shin ◽  
Andreea Trache
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vasomotor Function ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Current research indicates that vasomotor responses are altered with aging in skeletal muscle resistance arteries. The changes in vasomotor function are characterized by impaired vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses. The detrimental effects of aging on vasomotor function are attenuated in some vascular beds after a program of endurance exercise training. The signals associated with exercise responsible for inducing improvements in vasomotor function have been proposed to involve short-duration increases in intraluminal shear stress and/or pressure during individual bouts of exercise. Here, we review evidence that increases in shear stress and pressure, within a range believed to present in these arteries during exercise, promote healthy vasomotor function in aged resistance arteries. We conclude that available research is consistent with the interpretation that short-duration mechanical stimulation, through increases in shear stress and pressure, contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise on vasomotor function in aged skeletal muscle resistance arteries.

scholarly journals Exercise: Teaching myocytes new tricks

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott K. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cardiac Phenotype ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽  
Exercise Induced

Endurance exercise training promotes numerous cellular adaptations in both cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers. For example, exercise training fosters changes in mitochondrial function due to increased mitochondrial protein expression and accelerated mitochondrial turnover. Additionally, endurance exercise training alters the abundance of numerous cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins in both cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes, resulting in a protective phenotype in the active fibers; this exercise-induced protection of cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers is often referred to as “exercise preconditioning.” As few as 3–5 consecutive days of endurance exercise training result in a preconditioned cardiac phenotype that is sheltered against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Similarly, endurance exercise training results in preconditioned skeletal muscle fibers that are resistant to a variety of stresses (e.g., heat stress, exercise-induced oxidative stress, and inactivity-induced atrophy). Many studies have probed the mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced preconditioning of cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers; these studies are important, because they provide an improved understanding of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced preconditioning, which has the potential to lead to innovative pharmacological therapies aimed at minimizing stress-induced injury to cardiac and skeletal muscle. This review summarizes the development of exercise-induced protection of cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers and highlights the putative mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced protection in the heart and skeletal muscles.

Effects of exercise on endothelium and endothelium/smooth muscle cross talk: role of exercise-induced hemodynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Newcomer ◽  
Dick H. J. Thijssen ◽  
D. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
And Training

Physical activity, exercise training, and fitness are associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. In the context that a risk factor “gap” exists in the explanation for the beneficial effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease, it has recently been proposed that exercise generates hemodynamic stimuli which exert direct effects on the vasculature that are antiatherogenic. In this review we briefly introduce some of the in vitro and in vivo evidence relating exercise hemodynamic modulation and vascular adaptation. In vitro data clearly demonstrate the importance of shear stress as a potential mechanism underlying vascular adaptations associated with exercise. Supporting this is in vivo human data demonstrating that exercise-mediated shear stress induces localized impacts on arterial function and diameter. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise-related changes in hemodynamic stimuli other than shear stress may also be associated with arterial remodeling. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo data strongly imply that hemodynamic influences combine to orchestrate a response to exercise and training that regulates wall stress and peripheral vascular resistance and contributes to the antiatherogenic impacts of physical activity, fitness, and training.

Effects of Aging and Exercise Training on Vasomotor Function of Bone Resistance Arteries and Bone Blood Flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Hyerim Park ◽  
Anand Sunny Narayanan ◽  
Manuel Linarte ◽  
Tanvi Marulendra ◽  
Alexzandra Mattia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Bone Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Vasomotor Function ◽  
Effects Of Aging

scholarly journals Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493-1504
Author(s):  
Kaleen M. Lavin ◽  
Ryan K. Perkins ◽  
Bozena Jemiolo ◽  
Ulrika Raue ◽  
Scott W. Trappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lifelong Exercise

We previously reported a positive effect of lifelong exercise on skeletal muscle inflammation in aging men. This parallel investigation in women revealed that lifelong exercise did not protect against age-related increases in circulating or muscle inflammation and that preparedness to handle loading stress was not preserved by lifelong exercise. Further investigation is necessary to understand why lifelong aerobic exercise may not confer the same anti-inflammatory benefits in women as it does in men.

scholarly journals Road to exercise mimetics: targeting nuclear receptors in skeletal muscle

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. T87-T100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Fan ◽  
Annette R Atkins ◽  
Ruth T Yu ◽  
Michael Downes ◽  
Ronald M Evans
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Exercise Mimetics ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Muscle Energy Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body and is the major site for energy expenditure. It exhibits remarkable plasticity in response to physiological stimuli such as exercise. Physical exercise remodels skeletal muscle and enhances its capability to burn calories, which has been shown to be beneficial for many clinical conditions including the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Nuclear receptors (NRs) comprise a class of transcription factors found only in metazoans that regulate major biological processes such as reproduction, development, and metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated crucial roles for NRs and their co-regulators in the regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism and exercise-induced muscle remodeling. While nothing can fully replace exercise, development of exercise mimetics that enhance or even substitute for the beneficial effects of physical exercise would be of great benefit. The unique property of NRs that allows modulation by endogenous or synthetic ligands makes them bona fide therapeutic targets. In this review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the role of NRs and their co-regulators in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and summarize recent progress in the development of exercise mimetics that target NRs and their co-regulators.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of endurance exercise training on skeletal muscle microvasculature in sickle cell disease patients

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (25) ◽  
pp. 2233-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angèle N. Merlet ◽  
Laurent A. Messonnier ◽  
Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon ◽  
Daniel Béchet ◽  
Barnabas Gellen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Capillary Growth ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

In a Plenary Paper, Merlet et al report a provocative and elegant study demonstrating that exercise training leads to muscle capillary growth in patients with sickle cell disease, a finding with potential to improve their lives.

scholarly journals Protective effects of acute exercise preconditioning on disuse-induced muscular atrophy in aged muscle: a narrative literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori Yoshihara ◽  
Hisashi Naito
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Exercise Preconditioning ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Effects Of Aging

AbstractAging is associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, resulting in frailty and lower quality of life in older individuals. At present, a standard of clinical or pharmacological care to prevent the adverse effects of aging does not exist. Determining the mechanism(s) responsible for muscular atrophy in disused aged muscle is a required key step for the development of effective countermeasures. Studies suggest an age-related differential response of genes and signalings to muscle disuse in both rodents and humans, implying the possibility that effective countermeasures to prevent disuse muscle atrophy may be age-specific. Notably, exercise preconditioning can attenuate disuse-induced muscular atrophy in rodent and human skeletal muscles; however, information on age-specific mechanisms of this exercise-induced protection remains limited. This mini-review aimed to summarize the protective effects of acute exercise preconditioning on muscular atrophy in aged muscle and provide potential mechanisms for its preventive effect on skeletal muscle wasting.

scholarly journals Local adiponectin production in skeletal muscle resistance arteries: effects of exercise and shear stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Herod Sapp ◽  
Bei Chen ◽  
Alvaro N. Gurovich ◽  
Judy M. Muller-Delp
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Resistance Arteries

Skeletal muscle protective effect of capillarisin from Artemisia capillaris on exercise-induced damage

Planta Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kim ◽  
J Chun ◽  
J Lee ◽  
J Choi ◽  
HA Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Artemisia Capillaris ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals From Exercise to Cognitive Performance: Role of Irisin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7120
Author(s):  
Mirko Pesce ◽  
Irene La Fratta ◽  
Teresa Paolucci ◽  
Alfredo Grilli ◽  
Antonia Patruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
General Exercise ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii Domain ◽  
The Brain

The beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are well known. In general, exercise offers an effective way to improve cognitive function in all ages, particularly in the elderly, who are considered the most vulnerable to neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, myokines, hormones secreted by muscle in response to exercise, have recently gained attention as beneficial mediators. Irisin is a novel exercise-induced myokine, that modulates several bodily processes, such as glucose homeostasis, and reduces systemic inflammation. Irisin is cleaved from fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5), a transmembrane precursor protein expressed in muscle under the control of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). The FNDC5/irisin system is also expressed in the hippocampus, where it stimulates the expression of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor in this area that is associated with learning and memory. In this review, we aimed to discuss the role of irisin as a key mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity and memory in the elderly, suggesting its roles within the main promoters of the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain.

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