Aortic reflection coefficients and their association with global indexes of wave reflection in healthy controls and patients with Marfan's syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (6) ◽  
pp. H2385-H2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Segers ◽  
J. De Backer ◽  
D. Devos ◽  
S. I. Rabben ◽  
T. C. Gillebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Local Characteristic ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Marfan’S Syndrome ◽  
Marfan's Syndrome

Early return of reflected pressure waves increases the load on central arteries and may increase the risk of aortic rupture in patients with Marfan's syndrome (MFS). To assess whether wave reflection is elevated in MFS, we used ultrasound and MRI to measure central pressure and flow waveforms in 26 patients (13–54 yr of age) and 26 age- and gender-matched controls. Aortic systolic and diastolic cross-sectional areas were measured at the ascending and descending aorta (AA and DA), diaphragm (DIA), and lower abdominal aorta (AB). From these measurements, local characteristic impedance ( Z0- xx) and local reflection coefficients (Γ xx-yy) were calculated. Calculated global wave reflection indexes were the augmentation index (AIx) and the ratio of backward to forward pressure wave (Pb/Pf). The aorta was wider in MFS patients at AA ( P < 0.01) and DA ( P < 0.01). Aortic pulse wave velocity was 42 cm/s higher in MFS patients ( P < 0.05). Z0- xx was not different between groups, except at DA, where it was lower in MFS patients. In controls, ΓAA-DA was 0.31 ± 0.08, ΓDA-DIA was 0.00 ± 0.11, and ΓDIA-AB was 0.31 ± 0.16. Mean values of Γ xx-yy were not different between MFS patients and controls. In controls, aging diminished ΓAA-DA but increased ΓDIA-AB. Clear age-related patterns were absent in MFS patients. AIx or Pb/Pf was not higher in MFS patients than in controls. There were indications for enhanced wave reflection in young MFS patients. Our data demonstrated that the major determinants of AIx were pulse wave velocity and the effective length of the arterial system and, to a lesser degree, HR and Pb/Pf.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes of Input Impedance, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Wave Reflection in a Middle-Aged Population

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daime Campos-Arias ◽  
Marc L. De Buyzere ◽  
Julio A. Chirinos ◽  
Ernst R. Rietzschel ◽  
Patrick Segers
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Input Impedance ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aged Population

The changes experienced by the arterial system due to the aging process have been extensively studied but are incompletely understood. Within-subject patterns of changes in regards to input impedance and wave reflection parameters have not been assessed. The Asklepios study is a longitudinal population study including healthy (at onset) middle-aged subjects, with 974 males and 1052 females undergoing 2 rounds of measurements of applanation tonometry and ultrasound, 10.15±1.40 years apart. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, aortic input impedance, and wave reflection parameters were assessed, and linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate their longitudinal trajectories and determinants. Overall, the effective 10-year increase in pulse wave velocity was less than expected from first round cross-sectional data, and pulse wave velocity was found to accelerate more in women than in men. Interestingly, the increase in pulse wave velocity was not paralleled by a decrease in arterial volume compliance, particularly in younger males. Aortic root characteristic impedance decreased with age in younger subjects while it increased for the older subjects in the study. These changes suggest that aortic dilation and elongation may play an important role determining the longitudinal age-related changes in impedance parameters in middle-age. Wave reflection decreased with aging, whereas resistance increased in women and decreased in men. We conclude that the effective impact of aging on arterial system properties, in a middle-aged population, is not well reflected by cross-sectional studies. Future studies should assess the interaction between geometric remodeling and wall stiffening as determinants of pulsatile hemodynamics.

Early Wave Reflection and Pulse Wave Velocity Are Associated with Diastolic Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-590
Author(s):  
Lebogang Mokotedi ◽  
Sulé Gunter ◽  
Chanel Robinson ◽  
Frederic Michel ◽  
Ahmed Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave

scholarly journals Normal Vascular Aging: Differential Effects on Wave Reflection and Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1753-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel M. McEniery ◽  
Yasmin ◽  
Ian R. Hall ◽  
Ahmad Qasem ◽  
Ian B. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Differential Effects

Apparent arterial compliance

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. H1393-H1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Quick ◽  
David S. Berger ◽  
Abraham Noordergraaf
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Lumped Model ◽  
Total Arterial Compliance

Recently, there has been renewed interest in estimating total arterial compliance. Because it cannot be measured directly, a lumped model is usually applied to derive compliance from aortic pressure and flow. The archetypical model, the classical two-element windkessel, assumes 1) system linearity and 2) infinite pulse wave velocity. To generalize this model, investigators have added more elements and have incorporated nonlinearities. A different approach is taken here. It is assumed that the arterial system 1) is linear and 2) has finite pulse wave velocity. In doing so, the windkessel is generalized by describing compliance as a complex function of frequency that relates input pressure to volume stored. By applying transmission theory, this relationship is shown to be a function of heart rate, peripheral resistance, and pulse wave reflection. Because this pressure-volume relationship is generally not equal to total arterial compliance, it is termed “apparent compliance.” This new concept forms the natural counterpart to the established concept of apparent pulse wave velocity.

scholarly journals Impact of seasonality and air pollutants on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and wave reflection in hypertensive patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0172550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Di Pilla ◽  
Rosa Maria Bruno ◽  
Francesco Stea ◽  
Luciano Massetti ◽  
Stefano Taddei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

scholarly journals Insulin Increases Central Aortic Stiffness in Response To Hyperglycemia in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Four-Way Crossover Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B Horton ◽  
Linda A Jahn ◽  
Lee M Hartline ◽  
Kevin W Aylor ◽  
James T Patrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Healthy Humans

Abstract Introduction: Increasing arterial stiffness is a feature of vascular aging that is accelerated by conditions that enhance cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies demonstrate divergence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in persons with diabetes mellitus, though mechanisms responsible for this are unclear.Materials and Methods: We tested the effect of acutely and independently increasing plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or both on hemodynamic function and markers of arterial stiffness (including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, forward and backward wave reflection amplitude, and wave reflection magnitude) in a four-arm, randomized study of healthy young adults.Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased only during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+0.36 m/s; p=0.032), while other markers of arterial stiffness did not change (all p>0.05). Heart rate (+3.62 bpm; p=0.009), mean arterial pressure (+4.14 mmHg; p=0.033), central diastolic blood pressure (+4.16 mmHg; p=0.038), and peripheral diastolic blood pressure (+4.09 mmHg; p=0.044) also significantly increased during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia.Conclusions: We conclude that the acute combination of moderate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia preferentially stiffens central elastic arteries. This effect may be due to increased sympathetic activity. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03520569; registered 9 May 2018).

scholarly journals Noninvasive (Input) Impedance, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Wave Reflection in Healthy Middle-Aged Men and Women

Hypertension ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1248-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Segers ◽  
Ernst R. Rietzschel ◽  
Marc L. De Buyzere ◽  
Sebastian J. Vermeersch ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Input Impedance ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women
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