Eosinophil populations in blood and bone marrow of normal guinea pigs

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Band Form ◽  
Eosinophil Granulocytes

A quantitative study of eosinophil granulocytes of bone marrow and blood was carried out in 10 normal guinea pigs of approximately 400 gm body weight. Relative to the population of eosinophils in the blood, there was a very large population of eosinophil granulocytes in the bone marrow. About three-quarters of the marrow eosinophils were of the segmented or band form. These appeared to constitute a relatively large and readily available reserve of cells.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

scholarly journals Evaluation of (anti)genotoxic activities of Phyllanthus niruri L. in rat bone marrow using the micronucleus test

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Márlisson de Queiroz ◽  
Kayo Wanderson de Oliveira Matias ◽  
Mylena Mylana Freire da Cunha ◽  
Aline Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes

Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae), known as "quebra-pedra" (Portuguese for "stonebreaker"), is an herb used for kidney disorders. In light of its frequent use by the population, the present study aimed to investigate the genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic activities of a standardized P. niruri extract in bone marrow rats. Three groups of 12 animals were treated daily by gavage over a period of 30 days, with 50, 150 or 250 mg/kg of P. niruri extract aqueous solution. The control group (n = 12) received tap water. At the end of treatment (day 31), groups were divided into two minor subgroups (n=6/group) and received cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline 0.9% (i.p.). After 24 hours, we evaluated the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes for each animal (MNPCE) at 1000 PCE. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with the PCE/NCE ratio (NEC = normochromatic erythrocytes). General toxicity was assessed during treatment using the parameters of body weight gain, ration and water consumption. The dry extract did not provoke changes in body weight, weight gain, ration and water intake or changes in the frequency of MNPCE or cytotoxicity in bone marrow. We propose that the P. niruri extract used here showed no genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic activities under the experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Study of the correlation between blood cholinesterases activity, urinary dialkyl phosphates, and the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in rats exposed to disulfoton

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Gonçalves Santos ◽  
Ricardo Vilela Vitor ◽  
Maurício Gustavo Nakamura ◽  
Luana de Souza Morelini ◽  
Rafaela Scalco Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Chromosomal Damage ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Induce Mutagenesis ◽  
Diethyl Dithiophosphate ◽  
Bone Marrow Micronucleus

Organophosphates (OPs) are widely used as pesticides, and its urinary metabolites as well as the blood cholinesterases (ChEs) activity have been reported as possible biomarkers for the assessment of this pesticide exposure. Moreover, the OPs can induce mutagenesis, and the bone marrow micronucleus test is an efficient way to assess this chromosomal damage. This paper reports a study carried out to verify the correlation among the disulfoton exposure, blood ChEs activity, urinary diethyl thiophosphate (DETP), and diethyl dithiophosphate (DEDTP), as well as micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) frequency. Four groups of rats (n=12) were exposed to disulfoton at 0, 2.8, 4.7, and 6.6 mg kg-1 body weight. The blood ChEs activity, urinary DETP and DEDTP concentrations, and MNPCEs frequency were determined. It was observed that the plasmatic and erythrocytary ChEs activity decreased from 2.9% to 0.5% and from 35.9 to 3.3%, respectively, when the disulfoton dose was increased from 0 to 6.6 mg kg-1 (correlation of 0.99). Urinary DETP and DEDTP concentrations, as well as the MNPCEs frequency, increased from 0 to 6.58 µg mL-1, from 0 to 0.04 µg mL-1, and from 0 to 1.4%, respectively, when the disulfoton dose was increased from 0 to 6.58 mg kg-1 body weight.

The effects of furosemide and bumetanide on lung liquid production by in vitro lungs from fetal guinea pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thom ◽  
A. M. Perks
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Loop Diuretics ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Blue Dextran ◽  
Lung Fluid ◽  
Lung Liquid ◽  
Secretion Rates

Lungs from fetal guinea pigs of 61 ± 3 days of gestation were supported in vitro for 3 h, and lung liquid secretion rates were measured by a dye dilution technique based on Blue Dextran 2000. Ten preparations that had received no treatment showed an average secretion rate of 1.12 ± 0.28 mL∙kg−1 body weight∙h−1 during the first hour, and there were no significant changes over the following 2 h. In studies of 54 fetal lungs, furosemide, bumetanide, control ethanol carrier, or saline alone were placed in the supporting medium during the middle hour of the 3-h incubations (ABA design). Furosemide at 10−3 M reduced secretion 83.4 ± 16.8%; at 10−4 and 10−5 M it produced smaller reductions. Bumetanide at 10−3 M usually produced reabsorption (129.9 ± 23.0% reduction), at 10−4 M it reduced secretion 30.9 ± 11.8%, but at 10−5 M it was ineffective. Control carrier and saline were without effect. The ability of the loop diuretics to produce reabsorption of fluid in some preparations suggests the unmasking of an active reabsorptive process. The results also suggest that lung liquid secretion in the fetal guinea pig, as in the sheep, is dependent on a Na+ and Cl− cotransport system.Key words: fetus, lung fluid, bumetanide, furosemide.

scholarly journals Reproductive Characteristics, Serum Metabolites, and Oxidative Status in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Fed with Ethanolic Extract of Dichrostachys glomerata Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Nadège Motchewo Djuissi ◽  
Ferdinand Ngoula ◽  
Justin Kouamo ◽  
Narcisse Bertin Vemo ◽  
Mathieu Fambo Stive Nono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics

Dichrostachys glomerata (D. glomerata) is an aromatic plant which is used as a spice in cooking and Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat infertility in men. This work was designed to highlight the effects of the ethanolic extract of D. glomerata on oxidative status, serum metabolites and reproductive characteristics in female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). A total of 48 primiparous female guinea pigs, aged 4 months old with the body weight of 400 ± 10 g, were divided into four groups with two replications per group (6 guinea pigs each). During 90 days of trial, Group 1 (control group) orally received 1 ml/kg b.w. of distilled water daily, and groups 2, 3, and 4 received D. glomerata ethanolic extract once a day at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. using the same method of administration, respectively, for 90 days, including 60 days of gestation. After the first 30 days of treatment, mating was done by placing one non-treated male into cages containing six treated females. At the end of the treatment, data were collected on reproductive characteristics, serum metabolites, and oxidative stress markers. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of D. glomerata induced a significant decrease in the number of post-implantation resorption and ovaries weight. Groups 3 and 4 showed a significant increase in the number of fetuses per dam and viable fetuses as well as placenta weight, compared to the control group. The serum level of progesterone significantly decreased in the group treated with 200 mg/kg D. Glomerata, compared to the other treated groups. The extract at 100 mg/kg body weight showed a significant increase in fetuses weight and fetuses crown-rump length, compared to the control group. Catalase activity significantly increased in the control group than D. glomerata treated groups. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of D. glomerata minimized reproductive stress and subsequently improved the reproductive performance of guinea pigs.

scholarly journals Co-Therapy of Pegylated G-CSF and Ghrelin for Enhancing Survival After Exposure to Lethal Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliann G. Kiang ◽  
Min Zhai ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Joan T. Smith ◽  
Marsha N. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Photon Radiation ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Marrow Cells

Exposure to ionizing radiation (radiation injury, RI) in nuclear-related episode is evident to be life-threatening. RI occurs at levels of organs, tissues, cytosols, or nucleus. Their mechanisms are still not fully understood. FDA approves pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Neulasta™, Peg-G-CSF) for acute hematopoietic syndrome and has been shown to save lives after lethal RI. We aimed to test whether Ghrelin enhanced Peg-G-CSF’s efficacy to save more lives after lethal RI. B6D2F1/J female mice were used for the study. They received 9.5 Gy (LD50/30 at 0.4 Gy/min) emitted from the 60Co-γ-photon radiation facility. Peg-G-CSF was injected subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg once on days 1, 8, and 15 after irradiation. Ghrelin contains 28 amino acid and is a hunger peptide that has been shown to stimulate food intake, promote intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, elevates immunity, inhibits brain hemorrhage, and increases stress-coping. Ghrelin was injected subcutaneously at 113 μg/kg once on days 1, 2, and 3 after irradiation. Survival, body weight, water consumption, hematology, spleen weight, splenocytes, bone marrow cells, and histology of bone marrow and ileum were performed. We observed that radiation resulted in 30-days survival by 30%. RI decreased their body weights and water consumption volumes. On the 30th day post-RI, platelets and WBCs such as basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and leukocytes were still significantly decreased in surviving mice. Likewise, their RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and splenocytes remained low; splenomegaly was found in these mice. Bone marrow in surviving RI animals maintained low cellularity with high counts of fat cells and low counts of megakaryocytes. Meanwhile, ileum histology displayed injury. However, mice co-treated with both drugs 24 h after RI resulted in 30-days survival by 45% above the vehicle group. Additionally, the body-weight loss was mitigated, the acute radiation syndrome was reduced. This co-therapy significantly increased neutrophils, eosinophils, leukocytes, and platelets in circulation, inhibited splenomegaly, and increased bone marrow cells. Histopathological analysis showed significant improvement on bone marrow cellularity and ileum morphology. In conclusion, the results provide a proof of concept and suggest that the co-therapy of Peg-G-CSF and Ghrelin is efficacious to ameliorate RI.

scholarly journals Comparative Dose of Intracarotid Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Therapy in Chronic Ischemic Stroke in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Feda Makkiyah ◽  
Wismaji Sadewo ◽  
Rahmah Nurrizka
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Infarct Zone ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cylinder Test

Research on chronic ischemic stroke is limited. One of the more promising approaches showing positive effects in the acute stage is mononuclear bone marrow cell therapy. This research may be the first which presents data about the optimum dose of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) for chronic ischemic stroke in rats and discusses factors influencing recovery in the chronic stage. We performed temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)  procedures on the rats which were then randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups in which they were given either low or high doses of autologous BM-MNCs  (5 million or 10 million cells per kg body weight). Rat brains were fixed for HE, CD31, and doublecortin staining for analysis of the effects. Rat behavior was assessed weekly using the cylinder test and a modified neurological severity score (NSS) test. In the four weeks prior to administration of BM-MNC, cylinder test scores improved to near normal, and NSS test scores improved moderately. The infarct zone decreased significantly (p <0,01),  there was an improvement in angiogenesis (p = 0.1590) and a significant improvement in neurogenesis (p <0,01). Reduction of the infarct zone was associated with a higher dose whereas both higher and lower doses were found to have a similar effect on improving angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Recovery was superior after twelve weeks compared with the recovery assessment at eight weeks. In conclusion, a dose of 10 million cells was more effective than a dose of 5 million cells per kg body weight for reducing the infarct zone and ameliorating neurogenesis. There was an improvement of histopathological parameters associated with the longer infarct period.

Association of 5′nucleotidase activity with immature granulocytes in the bone marrow of guinea pigs

1983 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Gerber ◽  
Manuel J. Ricardo ◽  
Daniel T. Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Nucleotidase Activity
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