Respiration of liver slices from normal and altitude-acclimatized rats

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Frehn ◽  
Adam Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Altitude Acclimatization ◽  
Liver Slices

Analyses were made of the respiratory rates of liver tissue slices from normal rats and from rats continuously exposed to simulated altitudes of 21,000 ft. for periods varying from 1 to 56 days. Seventy-one rats were used. Oxygen uptake was measured in 100%, 20% and 1% oxygen. There was no difference in tissue respiration between the control and experimental animals, either with no added substrate or with glucose or succinate as added substrates. It was concluded from these data that alterations in cellular respiration do not constitute an important feature of altitude acclimatization.

Comparison of Tissue Respiration in Mice Exposed to Heat and Cold

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Jasper ◽  
M. E. Denison ◽  
M. X. Zarrow ◽  
W. A. Hiestand
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
General Adaptation Syndrome ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
General Adaptation

Oxygen uptake of liver, kidney and brain slices from cold-and heat-exposed adult, male mice was studied using the Warburg constant volume respirometer. In general, oxygen uptake showed certain similarities for both groups. The greatest oxygen increase from the control was observed after 72 hours of cold or heat exposure. For liver slices this was 21 and 6%, respectively; for kidney it was 23 and 27%; and for brain 33 and 31%, respectively. The lowest rate of oxygen uptake was seen after 48 hours of cold or heat exposure. For liver slices this was –27 and 6%; kidney, –7 and +14%; and for brain –10 and –2%, respectively. The mortality rate was increased in the heat-exposed more than in the cold-exposed animals. It is concluded that the response of oxygen uptake of these tissues from animals exposed to these divergent stresses (cold and heat) conforms to the pattern of the General-Adaptation-Syndrome.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SHOCK

1944 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Russell ◽  
C. N. H. Long ◽  
Alfred E. Wilhelmi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Severe Shock

1. With increasing severity of shock following hemorrhage in fasted rats there is an increasing depression in the rate of oxygen uptake, in oxygen, of liver slices from the bled animals. The respiration of kidney tissue is only slightly depressed even in severe states of shock. 2. The rates of oxygen uptake of liver tissue from bled rats are nicely correlated with the increases in blood amino nitrogen that follow severe hemorrhage. 3. A supplement of coenzyme factors, in the form of a hot water extract of normal rat liver, increases the oxygen uptake of liver tissue from rats in mild shock, but is without effect on the respiration of liver slices from rats in moderate or severe shock. 4. The ability of rat liver to oxidize succinate is not impaired even in severe shock, but the extra oxygen uptake does not improve the basal rate of respiration of the tissue. 5. Effects on the rate of oxygen uptake of normal rat liver slices comparable to those seen after hemorrhage could be produced by exposing the tissue to an atmosphere of nitrogen for periods of 15 and 60 minutes. This treatment had more marked effects on the respiration of kidney slices than are found after hemorrhage, but the kidney, unlike the liver, exhibited a marked degree of recovery in the presence of glucose. 6. The significance of these findings is briefly discussed.

OBSERVATIONS ON TISSUE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND GLYCOLYSIS IN RATS TREATED WITH ANABOLIC ANDROGEN

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (III) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski ◽  
G. Bekesi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Anaerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Anabolic Androgen ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Consumption

ABSTRACT The effect of the treatment of male rats with an anabolic androgen, 17-ethyl-19-nortestosterone, on the oxygen consumption and anaerobic glycolysis of some tissue slices was studied. Highly significant depression of the oxygen uptake of the diaphragm and liver slices was observed in animals treated with 17-ethyl-19-nortestosterone. This steroid had no significant effect on the anaerobic glycolysis of diaphragmatic slices in the rats.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LEAD ACETATE ON OXYGEN UPTAKE OF RAT LIVER SLICES

1941 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Harry D. Baernstein ◽  
J.A. Grand
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Liver Slices

Effect of Fasting on Protein Release by Liver Slices

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisheva Kaufmann ◽  
E. Wertheimer
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Release ◽  
Artificial Medium ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Rat Tissue ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Fasted Rats

The release of total nitrogen from rat tissue slices into an artificial medium was investigated under different experimental conditions. Protein was found to be the main nitrogeneous component released. Liver slices from fed rats release much less total nitrogen into the medium than those from fasted rats. This fasting effect is specific for liver tissue. A protein-free diet lowers total nitrogen release from liver slices, whereas a protein-rich diet raises it. Refeeding either the stock diet or a protein-free diet for one night after a 5-day fast, lowers total nitrogen release to the level of that in fed animals. However, this is not the case after refeeding a low-ration diet. The fasting effect does not exist in rats fed a fat-rich, carbohydrate-free diet; it is lower than usual in rats fed a protein-rich, carbohydrate-free diet. The administration of glucose by stomach tube to fasted rats lowers total nitrogen release to normal fed levels in 2 hours.

The Respiration of Helix Pomatia, a Balance Sheet

1957 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
G. A. KERKUT ◽  
M. S. LAVERACK
Keyword(s):  
Intact Animal ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Brain

1. The respiratory rates of tissue slices from the various organs of Helix pomatia have been determined. The internal organs such as the brain and liver show a higher QO2 when immersed in Baldwin's phosphate solution. The external organs such as the mantle and collar show a higher QO2 when immersed in Krebs-Ringer solution. 2. The brain has the highest QO2; it is followed in order by the liver, gut, mantle, kidney, columella muscle, female duct, albuminous gland, body wall, dart sac and foot. 3. The rate of respiration of a series of intact snails has been determined. The organs from each of these snails were removed, dried and weighed. From the respiration rates determined in the early part of the paper, a balance sheet was drawn up for each snail. The summated tissue respiration is compared with the respiration of the intact animal. 4. In three out of the twelve cases cited there was good agreement between the summated tissue respiration and the respiration of the whole animal. In the nine other cases the respiration of the whole animal was 40-70% below the summated tissue respiration. This would indicate the possibility that the snail has some means of controlling the rate at which the tissues respire in the intact animal.

Nonshivering thermogenesis induced by repetitive hypothalamic cooling in the rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Banet ◽  
H Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Unanesthetized Animals ◽  
Better Than

The effect of prolonged and repetitive cooling of the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area on the sensitivity to the metabolic effect of noradrenaline and on the resistance to cold exposure was studied in the white rat. The preoptic area of 18 unanesthetized animals was cooled 9 h/day 5 days/wk, for a total of 80-150 h. One hour after a noradrenaline test injection (0.4 mg/kg), the experimental animals in which the preoptic area had been cooled to about 24 degrees C increased oxygen uptake by 81%, whereas those in which the preoptic area had been cooled to about 28 degrees C increased oxygen uptake by 48% (the control animals by only 37%). Despite their increased capacity for nonshivering thermogenesis, the experimental animals did not tolerate cold exposure (-10 degrees C) better than the controls. This development of nonshivering thermogenesis is thought to have been mediated by the hypothalamic temperature-sensitive neurons, and the possibility that it could explain the shift from shivering to nonshivering thermogenesis seen during adaptation to cold is discussed.

THE FORMATION OF GLYCEROPHOSPHATIDES FROM C14-LABELLED PRECURSORS IN RAT BRAIN SLICES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Rat Brain And Liver ◽  
The Individual

The relative incorporation of a number of C14-labelled precursors into the phosphatides of surviving rat brain and liver slices was examined. In addition, the distribution of radioactivity within the individual phosphoglycerides was determined for each precursor. Acetate was the only precursor that contributed considerable radioactivity to the fatty acid portion of the phosphatide molecule. The other precursors donated their radioactivity to the non-fatty acid portion of the glycerophosphatide molecule, both in brain and liver tissue. In brain it was found that ethanolamine was the most effective precursor, followed by serine, choline, glycerol, acetate, and glycine. In liver the order was acetate, glycerol, serine, choline, and glycine. Aerobic conditions and an adequate carbohydrate metabolism were essential for optimum incorporation of the precursors into the phosphatides of brain slices.

THE FORMATION OF GLYCEROPHOSPHATIDES FROM C14-LABELLED PRECURSORS IN RAT BRAIN SLICES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1211-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Rat Brain And Liver ◽  
The Individual

The relative incorporation of a number of C14-labelled precursors into the phosphatides of surviving rat brain and liver slices was examined. In addition, the distribution of radioactivity within the individual phosphoglycerides was determined for each precursor. Acetate was the only precursor that contributed considerable radioactivity to the fatty acid portion of the phosphatide molecule. The other precursors donated their radioactivity to the non-fatty acid portion of the glycerophosphatide molecule, both in brain and liver tissue. In brain it was found that ethanolamine was the most effective precursor, followed by serine, choline, glycerol, acetate, and glycine. In liver the order was acetate, glycerol, serine, choline, and glycine. Aerobic conditions and an adequate carbohydrate metabolism were essential for optimum incorporation of the precursors into the phosphatides of brain slices.

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