Menstrual cycle phase and time of day alter reference signal controlling arm blood flow and sweating

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. R186-R191 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Stephenson ◽  
M. A. Kolka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Reference Signal ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Cutaneous Vasodilation ◽  
Effector Activity ◽  
Exercise Transients

The changes occurring in the esophageal temperature (Tes) thresholds for initiation of heat loss responses as affected by the circadian period and menstrual cycle were studied. Four women exercised at 60% peak Vo2 in 35 degrees C (ambient water vapor pressure 1.73 kPa) for 30 min at 0400 and 1600 during the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phase. Tes, arm sweating rate (msw), and forearm blood flow (FBF) were measured frequently. At rest, Tes averaged 0.3 degrees C higher during L than F at both 0400 and 1600 and approximately 0.4 degrees C higher at 1600 than at 0400 during both phases. During exercise transients, the slopes of the FBF:Tes and the msw:Tes relationships were not different among treatments. The thresholds for initiation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilation were higher at 1600 than 0400 during both phases. Thresholds during F at 0400 averaged 36.44 degrees C for msw and 36.80 degrees C for vasodilation. The thresholds during L at 1600 averaged 37.46 and 37.53 degrees C for sweating and vasodilation, respectively. Our data indicate that the thermoregulatory effector activity during exercise is a function of numerous inputs, and one of these may be hormonal or hormonal-like in action. Controlling time of day and menstrual cycle phase are as important as controlling for aerobic power, age, and fitness in studying female thermoregulatory responses during exercise.

Effects of time of day, gender, and menstrual cycle phase on the human response to a water load

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. R966-R973 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Claybaugh ◽  
Aileen K. Sato ◽  
Linda K. Crosswhite ◽  
L. Harrison Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Water Load

Estrogen and progesterone interference with renal actions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been shown. Thus we hypothesized that women will have a higher water turnover than men and that the greatest difference will be during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Seven men (32 ± 3 yr) and six women (33 ± 2 yr) drank 12 ml water/kg lean body mass on different days at 0800 and at 2000 following 10 h of fast and a standardized meal at 0600 and 1800. Women participated on days 4–11 and 19–25 of the menstrual cycle. Initial urine and plasma osmolalities and urine flow rates were similar in all experiments. The cumulative urine voided over 3 h following the morning drink was less in men (73 ± 12% of the water load) compared with women in either the follicular (100 ± 3%) or luteal phases (102 ± 10%) of the menstrual cycle. Nighttime values (30–43% of the water load) were lower in all experiments and were not different between sexes or menstrual cycle phases. Plasma AVP was higher at night and may contribute to this diurnal response. The data are generally consistent with the stated hypothesis; however, possibly owing to the greatly reduced urine flow in both sexes at night, a difference between sexes was not observed at that time.

The Isolated and Combined Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase and Time-of-Day on Muscle Strength of Eumenorrheic Females

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 645-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bambaeichi ◽  
T. Reilly ◽  
N. T. Cable ◽  
M. Giacomoni
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase

Hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise across time of day and menstrual cycle phase

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1822-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Galliven ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
D. Michelson ◽  
S. Bina ◽  
P. W. Gold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Hormonal Responses

Galliven, E. A., A. Singh, D. Michelson, S. Bina, P. W. Gold, and P. A. Deuster. Hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise across time of day and menstrual cycle phase. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1822–1831, 1997.—Two studies, each utilizing short-term treadmill exercise of a different intensity, assessed the metabolic and hormonal responses of women to exercise in the morning (AM) and late afternoon (PM). In study 1, plasma concentrations of growth hormone, arginine vasopressin, catecholamines, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, lactate, and glucose were measured before, during, and after high-intensity exercise (90% maximal O2 uptake) in the AM and PM. In study 2, plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, lactate, and glucose were measured before, during, and after moderate-intensity exercise (70% maximal O2 uptake) in the AM and PM in the follicular ( days 3–9), midcycle ( days 10–16), and luteal ( days 18–26) phases of the menstrual cycle. The results of studies 1 and 2 revealed no significant diurnal differences in the magnitude of responses for any measured variable. In addition, study 2 revealed a significant time-by-phase interaction for glucose ( P = 0.014). However, net integrated responses were similar across cycle phases. These data suggest that metabolic and hormonal responses to short-term, high-intensity exercise can be assessed with equal reliability in the AM and PM and that there are subtle differences in blood glucose responses to moderate-intensity exercise across menstrual cycle phase.

scholarly journals Validity of Self-Reported Body Mass, Height, and Body Mass Index in Female Students: The Role of Physical Activity Level, Menstrual Cycle Phase, and Time of Day

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Kintziou ◽  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Vasiliki Kefala ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase

A large part of research using questionnaires for female university students relies on self-reported body mass, height, and body mass index (BMI) data; however, the validity of these data in this population group is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the validity of self-reported body mass, height, and BMI in female students. Female students of biomedical sciences (n = 93, age 21.8 ± 4.7 years, height 1.63 ± 0.06 m, weight 60.5 ± 11.9 kg, and BMI 22.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2) completed the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and were tested for anthropometric characteristics at three different times of the day (12–2 p.m., n = 36; 2–4 p.m., n = 20; 4–6 p.m., n = 37). Participants over-reported height (+0.01 ± 0.02 m, +0.9 ± 1.2%, Cohen’s d = 0.22) and under-reported weight (−0.8 ± 2.1 kg, −1.2 ± 3.6%, d = −0.07) and BMI (−0.7 ± 1.0 kg/m2, −2.9 ± 4.2%, d = −0.19) (p < 0.001). A moderate main effect of time of day on %Δweight (p = 0.017, η2 = 0.086) and %ΔBMI (p = 0.045, η2 = 0.067), but not on %Δheight (p = 0.952, η2 = 0.001), was observed, where the group tested at 4–6 p.m. under-reported weight and BMI more than the 2–4 p.m. group. The weekly metabolic equivalent (MET) × min did not correlate with %Δheight (r = 0.06, p = 0.657), but its correlations with %Δweight (r = −0.27, p = 0.051) and %ΔBMI (r = −0.238, p = 0.089) reached statistical significance. Participants in the early follicular phase reported BMI more accurately (p = 0.084, d = 0.68) than those in the mid-luteal phase. In conclusion, female students over-reported height and under-reported weight and BMI. Under-reporting weight and BMI is influenced by time of day and menstrual cycle phase. These findings should be considered by health professionals and researchers when administering questionnaires to female students.

Vascular and Blood Flow Responses to Acute Upper Limb Exercise: Impact of Sex and Menstrual Cycle Phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Ryan Garten ◽  
Jennifer Weggen ◽  
Austin Hogwood ◽  
Kevin Decker ◽  
Ashley Darling
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Limb Exercise

scholarly journals Sex differences in cerebral autoregulation are unaffected by menstrual cycle phase in young, healthy women

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. H920-H933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle E. Favre ◽  
Jorge M. Serrador
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cerebral Autoregulation ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Sit To Stand

Sex is known to affect the prevalence of conditions such as stroke. However, effects of sex on cerebral blood flow regulation are still not well understood. Critical to this understanding is how fluctuations in hormones across the menstrual cycle affect cerebral autoregulation. We measured autoregulation in the early follicular, late follicular, and midluteal phases during spontaneous and induced blood pressure oscillations in 26 young, healthy individuals (13 women and 13 men, age: 26 ± 4 yr). Men participated three times, ~1–3 wk apart. Beat-by-beat blood pressure, heart rate, end-tidal CO2, and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of the middle (MCA) and anterior (ACA) cerebral arteries were obtained. We did not find a difference in cerebral autoregulation across the menstrual cycle in women but found significantly improved autoregulation in the MCA and ACA of women compared with men. Women demonstrated significantly lower MCA gain (0.97 ± 0.13 vs. 1.17 ± 0.14%/mmHg, P = 0.001), higher MCA phase (46.1 ± 12.6 vs. 35.8 ± 7.9°, P = 0.019), and higher ACA phase (40.5 ± 10.8 vs 31.5 ± 8.5°, P = 0.040) during repeated squat-to-stand maneuvers. Women also had lower MCA gain (1.50 ± 0.11 vs. 1.72 ± 0.30%/mmHg, P = 0.029) during spontaneous fluctuations in pressure while standing and less of a decrease in MCA flow velocity (−18.7 ± 2.7 vs. −23.2 ± 6.0%, P = 0.014) during sit-to-stand maneuvers. Our results suggest that young women have improved cerebral autoregulation compared with young men regardless of menstrual cycle phase and that autoregulation is relatively robust to acute fluctuations in female sex hormones. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to investigate thoroughly the effects of menstrual cycle phase and sex differences in cerebral autoregulation in young, healthy individuals. Cerebral autoregulation was unaffected by menstrual cycle phase during both repeated squat-to-stand and sit-to-stand maneuvers. However, women demonstrated significantly improved cerebral autoregulation in the middle and anterior cerebral arteries, suggesting women were able to maintain cerebral blood flow during changes in blood pressure more efficiently than men.

Blood pressure and limb blood flow responses during hyperpnoea are not affected by menstrual cycle phase in young women

2020 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 103387
Author(s):  
Kaori Shimizu ◽  
Kana Shiozawa ◽  
Koji Ishida ◽  
Mitsuru Saito ◽  
Sahiro Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Limb Blood Flow ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase

Women at Altitude: Effect of Menstrual-Cycle Phase on Acute Mountain Sickness During Deployment to High Altitude Terrain

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Rock ◽  
Stephen R. Muza ◽  
Charles S. Fulco ◽  
Barry Braun ◽  
Stacy Zamudio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Altitude Effect ◽  
Mountain Sickness
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