Effects of time of day, gender, and menstrual cycle phase on the human response to a water load

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. R966-R973 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Claybaugh ◽  
Aileen K. Sato ◽  
Linda K. Crosswhite ◽  
L. Harrison Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Water Load

Estrogen and progesterone interference with renal actions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been shown. Thus we hypothesized that women will have a higher water turnover than men and that the greatest difference will be during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Seven men (32 ± 3 yr) and six women (33 ± 2 yr) drank 12 ml water/kg lean body mass on different days at 0800 and at 2000 following 10 h of fast and a standardized meal at 0600 and 1800. Women participated on days 4–11 and 19–25 of the menstrual cycle. Initial urine and plasma osmolalities and urine flow rates were similar in all experiments. The cumulative urine voided over 3 h following the morning drink was less in men (73 ± 12% of the water load) compared with women in either the follicular (100 ± 3%) or luteal phases (102 ± 10%) of the menstrual cycle. Nighttime values (30–43% of the water load) were lower in all experiments and were not different between sexes or menstrual cycle phases. Plasma AVP was higher at night and may contribute to this diurnal response. The data are generally consistent with the stated hypothesis; however, possibly owing to the greatly reduced urine flow in both sexes at night, a difference between sexes was not observed at that time.

Menstrual cycle phase and time of day alter reference signal controlling arm blood flow and sweating

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. R186-R191 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Stephenson ◽  
M. A. Kolka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Reference Signal ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Cutaneous Vasodilation ◽  
Effector Activity ◽  
Exercise Transients

The changes occurring in the esophageal temperature (Tes) thresholds for initiation of heat loss responses as affected by the circadian period and menstrual cycle were studied. Four women exercised at 60% peak Vo2 in 35 degrees C (ambient water vapor pressure 1.73 kPa) for 30 min at 0400 and 1600 during the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phase. Tes, arm sweating rate (msw), and forearm blood flow (FBF) were measured frequently. At rest, Tes averaged 0.3 degrees C higher during L than F at both 0400 and 1600 and approximately 0.4 degrees C higher at 1600 than at 0400 during both phases. During exercise transients, the slopes of the FBF:Tes and the msw:Tes relationships were not different among treatments. The thresholds for initiation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilation were higher at 1600 than 0400 during both phases. Thresholds during F at 0400 averaged 36.44 degrees C for msw and 36.80 degrees C for vasodilation. The thresholds during L at 1600 averaged 37.46 and 37.53 degrees C for sweating and vasodilation, respectively. Our data indicate that the thermoregulatory effector activity during exercise is a function of numerous inputs, and one of these may be hormonal or hormonal-like in action. Controlling time of day and menstrual cycle phase are as important as controlling for aerobic power, age, and fitness in studying female thermoregulatory responses during exercise.

scholarly journals Menstrual Cycle and Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer: Findings From the NCCTG N9431 Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3620-3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive S. Grant ◽  
James N. Ingle ◽  
Vera J. Suman ◽  
Daniel A. Dumesic ◽  
D. Lawrence Wickerham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Menstrual History

Purpose For nearly two decades, multiple retrospective reports, small prospective studies, and meta-analyses have arrived at conflicting results regarding the value of timing surgical intervention for breast cancer on the basis of menstrual cycle phase. We present the results of a multi–cooperative group, prospective, observational trial of menstrual cycle phase and outcome after breast cancer surgery, led by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) in collaboration with the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG). Patients and Methods Premenopausal women age 18 to 55 years, who were interviewed for menstrual history and who were surgically treated for stages I to II breast cancer, had serum drawn within 1 day of surgery for estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone levels. Menstrual history and hormone levels were used to determine menstrual phase: luteal, follicular, and other. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Of 1,118 women initially enrolled, 834 women comprised the study cohort: 230 (28%) in luteal phase; 363 (44%) in follicular phase; and 241 grouped as other. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, and in analysis that accounted for nodal disease, estrogen receptor status, adjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy, neither DFS nor OS differed with respect to menstrual phase. The 5-year DFS rates were 82.7%, 82.1%, and 79.2% for follicular, luteal, or other phases, respectively. Corresponding OS survival rates were 91.9%, 92.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. Conclusion When menstrual cycle phases were strictly defined, neither DFS nor OS differed between women who underwent surgery during the follicular phase versus the luteal phase. Nearly 30% of the patients did not meet criteria for either follicular- or luteal-phase categories.

The effect of timing of breast cancer surgery during the menstrual cycle phase on the axillary lymph node, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and c-erb B2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berrin Papila Kundaktepe Specialist ◽  
Sinem Durmus ◽  
Cigdem Papila ◽  
Mehmet Velidedeoglu ◽  
Remise Gelisgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Erbb2 Gene

Abstract Background: Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity and c-erbB2 gene expression levels are important in determining breast cancer (BC) development and aggression. Although the importance of hormonal factors in tumor cell proliferation, migration and differentiation is increasing, it needs more evidence. The effect of BC surgery timing during the menstrual cycle on prognosis remains controversial. In order to clarify this hypothesis, we aimed to determine the importance of adjusting the timing of surgery according to the menstrual cycle by examining the relationship between ER, PR, c-erbB2 gene and the menstrual cycle phase in patients with premenopausal BC.Method: Our study was designed retrospectively. 50 patients with premenopausal BC who were operated were included in the study.Results: Our results showed that the patients in the luteal phase had higher ER positivity, PR positivity and c-erbB2 negativity, and the number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes was lower than the patients in follicular phase. Conclusion: BC surgery during the luteal phase in pre-menopausal women is associated with a better clinical outcome. Although larger-scale studies are needed, our results suggest that better results can be achieved by performing surgery in luteal phase in BC patients during premenopausal period.

scholarly journals PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN IN DEPENDENCE ON THE OVARIOHORMONAL CYCLE PHASE AND PROGESTERONE ACTIVITY (PART 2)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
K. B. Muravlyova ◽  
O. I. Kuzminova ◽  
S. I. Petrova ◽  
M. V. Skoraya ◽  
O. M. Bazanova
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Alpha Peak

With the aim to identify the effects of menstrual cycle phase on the alpha EEG characteristics the 78 women aged 18–27 years were studied in a within-subject design Half the subjects began investigation at their follicular phase and half at their luteal phase (LP). The alpha peak frequency, alpha band width and power inalpha-2 range are highest, but power in alpha 1 and activation are lowest in LP that is associated with the highest saliva progesterone level.

Hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise across time of day and menstrual cycle phase

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1822-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Galliven ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
D. Michelson ◽  
S. Bina ◽  
P. W. Gold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Hormonal Responses

Galliven, E. A., A. Singh, D. Michelson, S. Bina, P. W. Gold, and P. A. Deuster. Hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise across time of day and menstrual cycle phase. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1822–1831, 1997.—Two studies, each utilizing short-term treadmill exercise of a different intensity, assessed the metabolic and hormonal responses of women to exercise in the morning (AM) and late afternoon (PM). In study 1, plasma concentrations of growth hormone, arginine vasopressin, catecholamines, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, lactate, and glucose were measured before, during, and after high-intensity exercise (90% maximal O2 uptake) in the AM and PM. In study 2, plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, lactate, and glucose were measured before, during, and after moderate-intensity exercise (70% maximal O2 uptake) in the AM and PM in the follicular ( days 3–9), midcycle ( days 10–16), and luteal ( days 18–26) phases of the menstrual cycle. The results of studies 1 and 2 revealed no significant diurnal differences in the magnitude of responses for any measured variable. In addition, study 2 revealed a significant time-by-phase interaction for glucose ( P = 0.014). However, net integrated responses were similar across cycle phases. These data suggest that metabolic and hormonal responses to short-term, high-intensity exercise can be assessed with equal reliability in the AM and PM and that there are subtle differences in blood glucose responses to moderate-intensity exercise across menstrual cycle phase.

scholarly journals PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN IN DEPENDENCE ON THE OVARIOHORMONAL CYCLE PHASE AND PROGESTERONE ACTIVITY (PART 1)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Muravlyova ◽  
O. I. Kuzminova ◽  
S. E. Petrova ◽  
M. V. Skoraya ◽  
O. M. Bazanova
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Emotional Tension ◽  
Subject Design

With the aim to identify the effects of menstrual cycle phase on the cognitive and psycho-emotional characteristics in 78 women aged 18–27 years were studied in a within-subject design Half the subjects began during their follicular phase and half began during their luteal phase (LP). The level of psycho-emotional tension was lowest, but cognitive performance efficiency is a highest in LP that is associated with the highest saliva progesterone level.

scholarly journals Computed tomography contrast enhancement pattern of the uterus in premenopausal women in relation to menstrual cycle and hormonal contraception

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512095840
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Angelopoulos ◽  
Magnus Palmér ◽  
Berit Gull ◽  
Niklas Lundqvist ◽  
Linda Kopelia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Homogeneous Type ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase

Background There are different types of computed tomography (CT) contrast enhancement patterns of the uterus. It is not known whether these are hormonally dependent. Purpose To assess the relationship between these patterns and the menstrual cycle in non-users of hormonal contraception, and the possible impact of hormonal contraception. Material and Methods Prospective observational study of abdominal CT scans of 53 premenopausal women of whom 28 were non-users and 25 users of hormonal contraception. The non-users were divided according to menstrual cycle phase: follicular (n = 12); ovulatory (n = 1); and luteal (n = 12). The pattern and intensity of contrast enhancement of the uterine myometrium were assessed. Results The dominant pattern of contrast enhancement of the myometrium was the diffuse homogeneous type in both non-users and users. The intensity of the enhancement measured in Hounsfield units (HU) was higher in the follicular phase (median 102, range 73–130) compared to the luteal phase in non-users (median 92, range 57–130); however this was not statistically significant ( P = 0.2). The HU values observed in users (median 95, range 45–160) were at the same levels compared to those of the luteal phase in non-users. Conclusion The dominant pattern of contrast enhancement in the portal venous phase of the myometrium in fertile ages is the diffuse homogeneous type and is independent of menstrual cycle phase or the use of hormonal contraception. However, these factors seem to play a role in the intensity of contrast enhancement, with a tendency of higher HU values in the follicular phase of non-users.

Effect of menstrual cycle phase on the ventilatory response to rising body temperature during exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Hayashi ◽  
Takayo Kawashima ◽  
Yuichi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Vasodilatory Response

To examine the effect of menstrual cycle on the ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature, ten healthy women exercised for ∼60 min on a cycle ergometer at 50% of peak oxygen uptake during the follicular and luteal phases of their cycle. Esophageal temperature, mean skin temperature, mean body temperature, minute ventilation, and tidal volume were all significantly higher at baseline and during exercise in the luteal phase than the follicular phase. On the other hand, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide was significantly lower during exercise in the luteal phase than the follicular phase. Plotting ventilatory parameters against esophageal temperature revealed there to be no significant menstrual cycle-related differences in the slopes or intercepts of the regression lines, although minute ventilation and tidal volume did significantly differ during exercise with mild hyperthermia. To evaluate the cutaneous vasodilatory response, relative laser-Doppler flowmetry values were plotted against mean body temperature, which revealed that the mean body temperature threshold for cutaneous vasodilation was significantly higher in the luteal phase than the follicular phase, but there were no significant differences in the sensitivity or peak values. These results suggest that the menstrual cycle phase influences the cutaneous vasodilatory response during exercise and the ventilatory response at rest and during exercise with mild hyperthermia, but it does not influence ventilatory responses during exercise with moderate hyperthermia.

The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Processing of Emotional Images

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mačiukaitė ◽  
Lina Jarutytė ◽  
Osvaldas Rukšėnas
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Phase Group ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. The ovarian hormone levels can affect subjective ratings and modulate late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes evoked by images of varying appeal. The present study examines how different progesterone levels influence the valence, arousal ratings and mean LPP amplitudes evoked by pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images. Twenty-three healthy females were grouped by menstrual cycle days (estradiol and progesterone levels): 10 were included in the follicular phase group and 13 were included in the luteal phase group. Each female rated the affective images in terms of valence and arousal while event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured. The valence ratings of pleasant images were higher in follicular phase group than in luteal, but the same effect was not seen in the arousal ratings. The arousal ratings to unpleasant images were higher than those to pleasant in luteal, but not in follicular phase group. However, the mean amplitude of the early LPP (450–700 ms) was significantly greater to pleasant than to neutral and unpleasant stimuli, but did not differ between follicular and luteal phase groups. The mean amplitude of the late LPP (700–950 ms) was significantly larger to pleasant and unpleasant compared to neutral images, but did not differ between menstrual cycle phase groups. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between progesterone levels and arousal ratings of pleasant and unpleasant images in luteal phase group. Arousal scores for unpleasant images negatively correlated with mean LPP amplitudes to unpleasant images at Pz site in the luteal phase group. The present study provides evidence that subjective ratings of affective images of different attractiveness could be influenced by female menstrual cycle phase, but mean amplitudes of LPP (450–950 ms) are not affected. However, results of correlational analysis suggest that valence, arousal ratings and mean LPP amplitudes are susceptible to the influence of hormone progesterone in luteal phase.

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