Plasma glucagon, glucose, and free fatty acid concentrations and secretion during prolonged hypothermia in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. R480-R485 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hoo-Paris ◽  
M. L. Jourdan ◽  
C. Moreau-Hansany ◽  
L. C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
Pancreatic Alpha Cell ◽  
Alpha Cell Function

Impairment of metabolic substrate mobilization and utilization may be a factor limiting survival in hypothermia. Using a newly developed technique for maintaining stable low body temperature (Tb), substrate profiles and their regulation by glucagon were examined in hypothermic rats (Tb 19 +/- 0.3 degrees C) over 20 h. During cooling, plasma glucagon, glucose, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations increased significantly (536 +/- 55 pg/ml, 304 +/- 26 mg/100 ml, and 844 +/- 81 mueq/l, respectively). Plasma glucagon and glucose concentrations continued to increase up to 8 h (peaks 810 +/- 103 pg/ml and 451 +/- 33 mg/100 ml, respectively) and remained high throughout the rest of the hypothermic period. FFA concentrations decreased steadily during the hypothermic period. Exogenous glucagon (20 micrograms/kg) induced significant increases in plasma glucose (+129 +/- 31 mg/100 ml) and FFA concentrations (+351 mueq/l) at 2 h but had no effect at 15 h of hypothermia. In vitro evaluation of pancreatic alpha-cell function indicated that glucagon secretion is independent of temperature between 37 and 19 degrees C. Our data indicate that hypothermia is characterized by a disturbed substrate metabolism, which is likely due to an imbalance in pancreatic alpha- and beta-cell function and a time-dependent decrease in tissue sensitivity to glucagon. These deleterious changes may limit survival in hypothermia.

scholarly journals The diet-derived short chain fatty acid propionate improves beta-cell function in humans and stimulates insulin secretion from human islets in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attilio Pingitore ◽  
Edward S. Chambers ◽  
Thomas Hill ◽  
Inmaculada Ruz Maldonado ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain

Pancreatic Alpha-Cell Function and Identity in Human T2D

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 315-LB
Author(s):  
XIAOQING DAI ◽  
JOAN CAMUNAS SOLER ◽  
LINFORD BRIANT ◽  
ALIYA F. SPIGELMAN ◽  
YAN HANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Alpha Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Alpha Cell ◽  
Alpha Cell Function

Apoprotein C effect on triglyceride transport in tandem-perfused rat hind end and liver

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. G305-G310
Author(s):  
W. J. Kortz ◽  
J. R. Nashold ◽  
M. R. Greenfield ◽  
H. Hilderman ◽  
S. H. Quarfordt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
In Vitro Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
High Concentrations

The metabolism of double-labeled triglyceride in a synthetic emulsion was defined in an in vitro perfusion system of rat hind end and liver described previously [Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 8): G106-G112, 1983]. The metabolism of [3H]glycerol-[14C]triolein was defined in the absence of added apoproteins and with additions of human CII and both CII and CIII. Without apoprotein, a pronounced lipolysis of the triglyceride was recognized by high concentrations of radiolabeled glycerol and free fatty acid in the perfusate. The removal of an aliquot of hind-end venous effluent 5 min after adding the labeled triglyceride emulsion to the arterial inflow demonstrated a brisk lipolysis of the substrate when incubated outside the perfusion system. The addition of CII protein to the emulsion before its introduction into the tandem system eliminated perfusate lipolysis, both within the perfusion system and in incubations of aliquots withdrawn from the system. Intravascular lipolysis was not seen with triglyceride emulsions containing both CII and CIH or when an aliquot of hind-end venous effluent was incubated with triglycerides that had not been exposed to the perfusion system. The intravascular lipolysis observed for the [14C]triglyceride added to the tandem system without apoproteins was associated with relatively greater recoveries of 14C-fatty acyl in liver, fat, and muscle and relatively greater recoveries of 14CO2 than when CII alone or both CII and CIII were added with the triglyceride. The addition of CIII to CII in a 1:1 molar ratio increased the recovery of 14C-fatty acyl in muscle and the recovery as 14CO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Clearing-factor lipase in adipose tissue. A possible role of adenosine 3′,5′-(cyclic)-monophosphate in the regulation of its activity

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Wing ◽  
D S Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Fat Bodies

1. The rise in clearing-factor lipase activity that occurs when epididymal fat bodies from starved rats are incubated in appropriate media in vitro is inhibited in the presence of 6-N-2′-O-dibutyryl-3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP (1mm). 2. Inhibition occurs at a concentration of glucose in the incubation medium of 1·3mg./ml. or less, but not at a glucose concentration of 2·4mg./ml., unless caffeine (1mm), an inhibitor of 3′,5′-(cyclic)-nucleotide phosphodiesterase, is also present. Caffeine (5mm) alone inhibits the rise in clearing-factor lipase activity at a glucose concentration of 2·4mg./ml. of medium. 3. The concentration of free fatty acids in the epididymal fat bodies normally falls during incubations in vitro as the rise in clearing-factor lipase activity occurs. In the presence of 1mm-6-N-2′-O-dibutyryl-3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP, however, either the tissue free fatty acid concentration is increased or it does not fall to the same extent. The concentration of glucose in the incubation medium is important in determining the direction and extent of the changes in tissue free fatty acid concentration that occur in the presence of 6-N-2′-O-dibutyryl-3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP. 4. Free fatty acid concentrations in epididymal fat bodies in vivo rise as the clearing-factor lipase activity of the tissue falls during starvation. 5. The possibility that the concentration of 3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP in adipose tissue may regulate clearing-factor lipase activity, and that the regulation may occur through effects of the nucleotide on tissue free fatty acid concentrations, is discussed.

Postprandial Lipemia Modulates Pancreatic Alpha-Cell Function in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Development: The CORDIOPREV Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1266-1275
Author(s):  
Isabel Pozuelo-Sanchez ◽  
Alejandro Villasanta-Gonzalez ◽  
Juan Francisco Alcala-Diaz ◽  
Cristina Vals-Delgado ◽  
Ana Leon-Acuña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Alpha Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Alpha Cell ◽  
Diabetes Development ◽  
Alpha Cell Function

Effects of epinephrine on regional free fatty acid and energy metabolism in men and women

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. E259-E264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Jensen ◽  
P. E. Cryer ◽  
C. M. Johnson ◽  
M. J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Men And Women

Upper-body and lower-body adipocytes respond differently to physiological catecholamines in vitro. It is not known whether this is true in vivo or whether gender differences exist in the regional adipose tissue responses to epinephrine. These studies were therefore conducted to examine free fatty acid (FFA) release ([3H]palmitate) from lower-body (leg), splanchnic, and upper-body adipose tissue in normal-weight adult men (n = 8) and women (n = 7). In response to intravenous epinephrine (10 ng.kg-1.min-1), palmitate release increased (P < 0.01) in both men (168 +/- 10 to 221 +/- 15 mumol/min) and women (177 +/- 12 to 234 +/- 18 mumol/min). Basal leg palmitate release was similar in women and men (16.8 +/- 2.9 and 12.4 +/- 1.3 mumol/min, P = not significant) but doubled (P < 0.01) in response to epinephrine in men and was virtually unchanged in women. Splanchnic palmitate release increased (P < 0.05) in men (n = 6) but not in women (n = 6), whereas nonsplanchnic upper-body palmitate release increased more in women than in men. Upper-body (splanchnic and nonsplanchnic) palmitate release increased (P < 0.05) in both men and women in response to epinephrine. In summary, lower-body adipose tissue FFA release increased in response to epinephrine in men but not women, whereas upper-body palmitate release increased in both groups. These findings are consistent with some in vitro findings and suggest that catecholamine action may play a role in determining gender-based differences in body fat distribution.

Evaluation of feeding glycerol on free-fatty acid production and fermentation kinetics of mixed ruminal microbes in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (21) ◽  
pp. 8469-8472 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Krueger ◽  
R.C. Anderson ◽  
L.O. Tedeschi ◽  
T.R. Callaway ◽  
T.S. Edrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Kinetics Of
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