Factors associated with vasopressin release in exercising swine

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. R118-R124 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Stebbins ◽  
J. D. Symons ◽  
M. D. McKirnan ◽  
F. F. Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin

This study examined the effect of dynamic exercise on vasopressin release in the miniswine and factors that may elicit this response (n = 15). Thus lysine vasopressin (LVP), the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine (EPI and NE), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma volume, Na+, and osmolality were measured before and during treadmill running at work intensities of 60, 80, and 100% of each swine's maximal heart rate reserve (HRR). LVP increased in a progressive manner similar to that of humans, ranging from 5.9 +/- 0.4 pg/ml before exercise to 30.1 +/- 4.5 pg/ml during maximal exercise. EPI, NE, and PRA [an index of angiotensin II (ANG II) activity] demonstrated a pattern of response comparable to LVP. Although these hormones can influence the release of LVP, only PRA displayed a strong correlation with LVP (r = 0.84). When ANG II synthesis was blocked (captopril, 1-3 mg/kg, intra-atrial injection) during exercise (80% HRR), plasma LVP was reduced from 9.9 +/- 0.6 to 7.5 +/- 0.6 pg/ml (P < 0.05). In addition, moderate-to-strong correlations were found between plasma concentrations of LVP and plasma osmolality (r = 0.79) and body temperature (r = 0.78). Plasma LVP also correlated with decreases in plasma volume (r = 0.84). These data suggest that the miniswine model is a good one for studying vasopressin effects during exercise and that ANG II appears to be a particularly strong stimulus for the release of this hormone.

VASOPRESSIN RELEASE DURING VENTRICULO-CISTERNAL PERFUSION WITH PROSTAGLANDIN E2 IN THE DOG

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANABU YAMAMOTO ◽  
L. SHARE ◽  
R. E. SHADE
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Arterial Blood

SUMMARY In an attempt to determine whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can act centrally to affect the release of vasopressin (ADH), the ventriculo-cisternal system of anaesthetized dogs was perfused with PGE2. When PGE2 was perfused at a rate of 76·4 ng/min (0·19 ml/min), the plasma ADH concentration was unchanged. However, perfusion of PGE2 at a rate of 152·8 ng/min (0·19 ml/min) resulted in a significant increase in the plasma ADH concentration from the control value of 9·0 ± 2·2 (s.e.m.) to 18·8 ± 3·9 μu./ml at 10 min and to 41·0 ± 16·7 μu./ml at 30 min after the start of the perfusion. There were no changes in arterial blood pressure, rectal temperature, plasma osmolality, and the plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium. In additional experiments, i.v. injection of indomethacin (2 or 20 mg/kg) decreased the plasma ADH concentration by approximately 50%. Although this finding is consistent with a role of PGE2 in the control of ADH release, it could also have been due to the observed increases in arterial blood pressure and effective left atrial pressure. Plasma renin activity was unchanged in the indomethacin experiments. It is concluded that PGE2 can act in the central nervous system to stimulate ADH release.

Fluid-regulating and sympathoadrenal hormonal responses to peak exercise following cardiac transplantation

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Perrault ◽  
B. Melin ◽  
C. Jimenez ◽  
G. Dureau ◽  
P. Dureau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Orthotopic Heart Transplantation ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
C 71 ◽  
Exercise Induced

Orthotopic heart transplantation results in cardiac denervation that can disrupt the normal regulation of hydromineral balance. This study compared the exercise-induced variations in plasma osmolality; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), arginine vasopressin (AVP), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and dopamine (DA) concentrations; and plasma renin activity (PRA) of six cardiac transplant recipients (HTX) and six healthy age-matched controls (C) submitted to graded upright maximal cycling. Venous blood samples were obtained at rest, at submaximal (70% O2 uptake) and peak exercise, and after 10 and 30 min of sitting recovery. Peak O2 uptake was not different between groups despite lower maximal heart rate in HTX (136 +/- 6 vs. 183 +/- 9 beats/min). Baseline plasma ANP and PRA were higher in HTX (203 +/- 55 pg/ml and 29.9 +/- 7.4 ng.ml-1 x h-1) than in C (71 +/- 17 pg/ml and 5.4 +/- 0.96 ng.ml-1 x h-1); AVP was lower in HTX than in C (1.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.8 pg/ml; P < 0.05); and circulating E, NE, and DA were not different between groups. Exercise resulted in more marked increases in HTX than in C for ANP (300 vs. 100%), AVP (2,000 vs. 300%), NE (860 vs. 500%), and DA (611 vs. 187%) but not for PRA and a higher E response in C than in HTX (455 vs. 1,258%). These observations confirm that the potential for ANP release to central volume loading is independent of intact cardiac innervation. The exaggerated AVP response in HTX could, however, reflect the absence of inhibitory influences consecutive to denervation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effects of truncated angiotensins in humans after double blockade of the renin system

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (5) ◽  
pp. R981-R991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronni R. Plovsing ◽  
Christian Wamberg ◽  
Niels C. F. Sandgaard ◽  
Jane A. Simonsen ◽  
Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Ang Iv

Angiotensins different from ANG II exhibit biological activities, possibly mediated via receptors other than ANG II receptors. We studied the effects of 3-h infusions of ANG III, ANG-(1-7), and ANG IV in doses equimolar to physiological amounts of ANG II (3 pmol · kg-1 · min-1), in six men on low-sodium diet (30 mmol/day). The subjects were acutely pretreated with canrenoate and captopril to inhibit aldosterone actions and ANG II synthesis, respectively. ANG II infusion increased plasma angiotensin immunoreactivity to 53 ± 6 pg/ml (+490%), plasma aldosterone to 342 ± 38 pg/ml (+109%), and blood pressure by 27%. Glomerular filtration rate decreased by 16%. Concomitantly, clearance of endogenous lithium fell by 66%, and fractional proximal reabsorption of sodium increased from 77 to 92%; absolute proximal reabsorption rate of sodium remained constant. ANG II decreased sodium excretion by 70%, potassium excretion by 50%, and urine flow by 80%, whereas urine osmolality increased. ANG III also increased plasma aldosterone markedly (+45%), however, without measurable changes in angiotensin immunoreactivity, glomerular filtration rate, or renal excretion rates. During vehicle infusion, plasma renin activity decreased markedly (∼700 to ∼200 mIU/l); only ANG II enhanced this decrease. ANG-(1-7) and ANG IV did not change any of the measured variables persistently. It is concluded that 1) ANG III and ANG IV are cleared much faster from plasma than ANG II, 2) ANG II causes hypofiltration, urinary concentration, and sodium and potassium retention at constant plasma concentrations of vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide, and 3) a very small increase in the concentration of ANG III, undetectable by usual techniques, may increase aldosterone secretion substantially.

Plasma volume expansion in humans after a single intense exercise protocol

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1914-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Gillen ◽  
R. Lee ◽  
G. W. Mack ◽  
C. M. Tomaselli ◽  
T. Nishiyasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Albumin Content

We used intense intermittent exercise to produce a 10% expansion of plasma volume (PV) within 24 h and tested the hypothesis that PV expansion is associated with an increase in plasma albumin content. The protocol consisted of eight 4-min bouts of exercise at 85% maximal O2 uptake with 5-min recovery periods between bouts. PV, plasma concentrations of albumin and total protein (TP), and plasma osmolality were measured before and during exercise and at 1, 2, and 24 h of recovery from exercise. During exercise, PV decreased by 15%, while plasma TP and albumin content remained at control levels. At 1 h of recovery, plasma albumin content was elevated by 0.17 +/- 0.04 g/kg body wt, accounting for the entire increase in plasma TP content. PV returned to control level at 1 h of recovery without fluid intake by the subjects, despite a 820 +/- 120-g reduction in body weight. At 2 h of recovery, plasma TP content remained significantly elevated, and plasma TP and albumin concentration were significantly elevated. At 24 h of recovery, PV was expanded by 4.5 +/- 0.7 ml/kg body wt (10 +/- 1%), estimated from hematocrit and hemoglobin changes, and by 3.8 +/- 1.3 ml/kg body wt (8 +/- 3%), measured by Evans blue dye dilution. Plasma albumin content was increased by 0.19 +/- 0.05 g/kg body wt at 24 h of recovery. If 1 g of albumin holds 18 ml of water, this increase in plasma albumin content can account for a 3.4-ml/kg body wt expansion of the PV. No significant changes in plasma osmolality occurred during recovery, but total plasma osmotic content increased in proportion to PV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of ovariectomy and treatment with ovarian steroids on vasopressin release and fluid balance in the rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Peysner ◽  
M. L. Forsling
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Food And Water Intake

ABSTRACT Plasma vasopressin concentrations have previously been shown to vary during the oestrous cycle of the rat, being highest on the morning of pro-oestrus and lowest on dioestrus day 1. To determine the effect of gonadal steroids on vasopressin secretion and fluid balance, mature rats were ovariectomized and given oestrogen, progesterone or vehicle alone s.c. for periods of up to 16 days. Plasma vasopressin concentrations fell after ovariectomy and this was reflected in an increase in 24-h urine volume. The normal increase in plasma vasopressin concentrations seen over daylight hours was also suppressed. The change in vasopressin concentrations observed on steroid treatment depended upon both the dose and the duration. High doses of oestrogen were associated with a fall in plasma vasopressin, probably as a result of fluid retention. Thus, of an initial group of rats given silicone elastomer implants containing 50, 500 or 1000 μg oestradiol in oil, plasma vasopressin concentrations were reduced after 7 days treatment with 1000 μg oestradiol implants in association with reduced plasma sodium concentrations. Daily s.c. injections of 100 μg oestradiol benzoate/100 g body weight produced an immediate small increase in plasma vasopressin concentrations, but by 14 days the plasma concentrations of 0·7 ± 0·16 pmol/l (mean ± s.e.m.) had fallen significantly and were less than those in the vehicle-treated group (1·2± 0·26 pmol/l). However, after treatment for 14 days with implants containing only 50 μg oestradiol, plasma vasopressin concentations were higher compared with the group receiving vehicle alone, despite the fact that the plasma osmolality was lower in the latter group, suggesting a long term resetting of the osmoreceptors. Progesterone treatment with two implants containing 17·5 mg progesterone in oil was associated with an initial suppression of plasma vasopressin concentrations, but 16 days after the implant the plasma concentrations were higher than in the control group. Neither oestrogen nor progesterone restored the vasopressin concentrations to those seen in the intact animal. Oestrogen treatment resulted in a reduction in food and water intake, whereas progesterone treatment produced an initial increase in food and water intake, and a fall in plasma osmolality which could account for the reduced plasma vasopressin. This was followed by an increase in urine flow over days 6 to 15. Thus ovariectomy had a marked effect on circulating vasopressin concentrations, probably as a result of complex changes since administration of either oestrogen or progesterone in doses giving normal circulating concentrations had little effect. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 124, 277–284

Altered sensitivity of osmotically stimulated vasopressin release in quadriplegic subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (4) ◽  
pp. R827-R835
Author(s):  
B. M. Wall ◽  
H. H. Williams ◽  
D. N. Presley ◽  
J. T. Crofton ◽  
E. G. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Erect Posture ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Altered Sensitivity

Osmoregulation of vasopressin release was studied in 15 quadriplegic subjects (Quad) and 7 healthy control subjects (Con). Hypertonic NaCl (0.85 M) was infused intravenously (0.05 ml.kg-1.min-1) over 90 min in studies on supine subjects and in comparable studies on the same subjects erect (sitting). Erect posture in Quad, but not in Con, was accompanied by orthostatic reductions in arterial blood pressure and by significantly increased plasma aldosterone (P less than 0.001) and cortisol (P less than 0.001) concentrations and increased plasma renin activity (P less than 0.025). Changes in plasma arginine vasopressin concentration (PAVP) during hypertonic NaCl infusions were also greater in erect than in supine Quad (P less than 0.005), despite identical changes in plasma osmolality (Posm). Linear regression analysis of the PAVP/Posm relationship during hypertonic NaCl infusions showed highly significant correlations (P less than 0.0002) in both Quad and Con. Mean slope values for regression lines, however, were significantly higher in erect than in supine Quad (P less than 0.005) but did not differ in relation to posture in Con. Differences in posture were not associated with differences in abscissal intercepts in either Quad or Con. These studies show significant alterations in the sensitivity of osmotically stimulated vasopressin release related to differences in posture in Quad, characterized by enhanced sensitivity in erect posture due to nonosmotic stimuli not evident in Con.

Plasma renin activity, vasopressin concentration, and urinary excretory responses to exercise in men

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Wade ◽  
J. R. Claybaugh
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Plasma Lactate Concentration

Plasma vasopressin concentration (PAVP), renal function, and effectors of vasopressin release were evaluated in male volunteers during running at heart rates of 0, 35, 70, and 100% of maximum after 10 h abstinence from water (normal hydration) and at 100% after ingestion of 300 ml water. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and PAVP were linearly correlated and correlated to work intensity over all observations. Changes in PAVP were not correlated with changes in plasma osmolality (POSMOL) and plasma volume (PV) over all observations. Furthermore, despite similar changes in POSMOL, PV, PRA, body weight, mean arterial pressure, and plasma lactate concentration, the increase in PAVP after maximal exercise was greater during normal hydration than the water-supplemented state. Decreased urine flow observed in association with exercise was characterized by increased free water and decreased osmotic and creatinine clearances. Thus increased PAVP associated with exercise appears not to play a role in the concomitant antidiuresis. Vasopressin stimuli are probably variable at different times during exercise and may include factors other than those measured.

scholarly journals Angiotensin (1–12) in Humans With Normal Blood Pressure and Primary Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 882-890
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Ferrario ◽  
Seethalakshmi R. Iyer ◽  
John C. Burnett ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmad ◽  
Kendra N. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
First Time

The importance of canonical versus noncanonical mechanisms for the generation of angiotensins remains a major challenge that, in part, is heavily swayed by the relative efficacy of therapies designed to inhibit renin, ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), or the Ang II (Angiotensin II) receptor. Ang (1–12) (angiotensin [1-12]) is an Ang II forming substrate serving as a source for Ang II–mediated tissue actions. This study identifies for the first time the presence of Ang (1–12) in the blood of 52 normal (22 women) and 19 (13 women) patients with hypertension not receiving antihypertensive medication at the time of the study. Normal subjects of comparable ages and body habitus had similar circulating plasma Ang (1–12) concentrations (women: 2.02±0.62 [SD] ng/mL; men 2.05±0.55 [SD] ng/mL, P >0.05). The higher values of plasma Ang (1–12) concentrations in hypertensive men (2.51±0.49 ng/mL, n=6) and women (2.33±0.63 [SD] ng/mL, n=13) were statistically significant ( P <0.02) and correlated with elevated plasma renin activity, systolic and pulse pressure, and plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP (N-terminal prohormone BNP). The increased plasma Ang (1–12) in patients with hypertension was not mirrored by similar changes in plasma angiotensinogen and Ang II concentrations. The first identification of an age-independent presence of Ang (1–12) in the blood of normotensive subjects and patients with hypertension, irrespective of sex, implicates this non-renin dependent substrate as a source for Ang II production in the blood and its potential contribution to the hypertensive process.

Angiotensin II Blockade during Combined Thiazide—β-Adrenoreceptor-Blocker Treatment

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 123s-125s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ibsen ◽  
A. Leth ◽  
A. McNair ◽  
J. Giese
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Change In Mean

1. Sixteen patients (11 male, five female), median age 41 years, with essential hypertension insufficiently controlled by hydrochlorothiazide (75 mg/day; diastolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mmHg), were studied. 2. Plasma renin concentration [renin], plasma angiotensin II concentration ([ANG II]), plasma volume and exchangeable sodium (NaE) were determined, and a saralasin infusion (5·4 nmol min−1 kg−1) was carried out while the patients were on thiazide alone and, in 14 cases, 3 months after addition of a β-adrenoreceptor blocker (propranolol, six, metoprolol, six, and atenolol, two patients). 3. On thiazide alone, saralasin caused a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure in 12 out of 16 patients. The saralasin response was closely related to pre-saralasin plasma [ANG II] (r = −0·73, P &lt; 0·01). Plasma [renin] and [ANG II] were higher than normal in the group as a whole. 4. After addition of a β-adrenoreceptor blocker systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 164/109 mmHg to 136/94 mmHg. Plasma [renin] and [ANG II] decreased by 40 and 58% respectively. At this point, saralasin caused no significant change in mean arterial pressure. No close correlation was found between plasma [renin] or [ANG II] or saralasin response on thiazide treatment and changes in blood pressure during subsequent thiazide/β-adrenoreceptor-blocker treatment. Plasma volume and NaE did not change significantly. 5. In patients with thiazide-induced stimulation of the renin—angiotensin system, addition of a β-adrenoreceptor blocker leads to suppression of the system and, at the same time, ANG II-dependence of blood pressure disappears. This contributes to the antihypertensive effect of β-adrenoreceptor blockers in this particular situation.

Hemodynamic and behavioral effects of angiotensin II in conscious sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. R1230-R1237
Author(s):  
B. A. Breuhaus ◽  
J. E. Chimoskey
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Drinking Response ◽  
Conscious Sheep

Intracerebroventricular (ivt) angiotensin II (ANG II) at 0.4, 2, 10, and 50 ng.kg-1.min-1 increased arterial pressure in conscious sheep in a dose-related manner (26 mmHg, P less than 0.05, at 50 ng.kg-1.min-1). Total peripheral resistance (TPR) and right atrial pressure also increased. Heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output did not change. Pressor responses to ivt ANG II were not caused by leakage of ANG II into the periphery, because plasma concentrations of ANG II did not change from control (31 +/- 7 pg/ml) at the highest dose of ANG II infused. In contrast, intravenous (iv) ANG II, 10 and 50 ng.kg-1.min-1, increased arterial pressure 29 and 47 mmHg, respectively (P less than 0.05), and decreased heart rate. ANG II, 10 ng.kg-1.min-1 iv, increased plasma ANG II levels from 36 +/- 6 to 354 +/- 69 pg/ml (P less than 0.05). Intracarotid (ic) ANG II, 10 ng.kg-1.min-1, increased arterial pressure 31 mmHg (P less than 0.05) but did not alter heart rate. ANG II ivt caused a dose-related drinking response, with a positive correlation between the amount of water drunk during ivt ANG II infusion and the increase in arterial pressure. Infusions of ANG II at 50 ng.kg-1.min-1 ivt were associated with decreased plasma osmolality and potassium concentration and increased plasma vasopressin concentration.

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