Dissociation between food intake, diet composition, and metabolism in parabiotic partners of obese rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. R874-R883
Author(s):  
R. B. Harris ◽  
R. J. Martin ◽  
R. C. Bruch
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum

When one member of a parabiosed pair of rats is overfed, its ad libitum-fed partner loses body fat in the absence of a statistically significant decrease in food intake. Three experiments investigated the relationships between food intake, metabolism, and body composition in this model. In vivo measurement of lipogenesis confirmed that loss of fat is associated with decreased fat deposition. When partners of overfed rats were compared with food-restricted single rats, proportional changes in body composition and metabolism were similar for the two treatments, although there was no significant change in the food intake of parabiotic rats, whereas restricted rats received only 60% of the intake of their controls. The final experiment demonstrated that changes in body composition of partners of overfed rats were independent of dietary composition. These results suggest that, when a rat is made obese by overfeeding, a circulatory factor is released that inhibits fat deposition and disrupts regulatory mechanisms that normally stimulate food intake during a period of negative energy balance.

Quantitative systematic review: Methods used for the in vivo measurement of body composition in pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Guzman‐Ortiz ◽  
Nallely Bueno‐Hernandez ◽  
Guillermo Melendez‐Mier ◽  
Ernesto Roldan‐Valadez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Systematic Review Methods ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Quantitative Systematic Review ◽  
In Pregnancy

Effects of meal frequency on energy utilization in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. R616-R621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hill ◽  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
D. Lin ◽  
F. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of differences in meal frequency on body weight, body composition, and energy expenditure were studied in mildly food-restricted male rats. Two groups were fed approximately 80% of usual food intake (as periodically determined in a group of ad libitum fed controls) for 131 days. One group received all of its food in 2 meals/day and the other received all of its food in 10-12 meals/day. The two groups did not differ in food intake, body weight, body composition, food efficiency (carcass energy gain per amount of food eaten), or energy expenditure at any time during the study. Both food-restricted groups had a lower food intake, body weight gain, and energy expenditure than a group of ad libitum-fed controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that amount of food eaten, but not the pattern with which it is ingested, has a major influence on energy balance during mild food restriction.

scholarly journals Calorie Restriction Modulates Reproductive Development and Energy Balance in Pre-Pubertal Male Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Rizzoto ◽  
Deepa Sekhar ◽  
Jacob C. Thundathil ◽  
Prasanth K. Chelikani ◽  
John P. Kastelic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective was to determine effects of feed restriction and refeeding on reproductive development and energy balance in pre-pubertal male rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 32, 24 days old, ~65 g), were randomly allocated into four treatments (n = 8/treatment): (1) Control (CON, ad libitum feed; (2) Mild Restriction (MR, rats fed 75% of CON consumption); (3) Profound Restriction (PR, 50% of CON consumption); or (4) Refeeding (RF, 50% restriction for 14 days, and then ad libitum for 7 days). Feed restriction delayed reproductive development and decreased energy balance and tissue accretion, with degree of reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions related to restriction severity. In RF rats, refeeding largely restored testis weight, sperm production (per gram and total), plasma IGF-1, leptin and insulin concentrations and energy expenditure, although body composition did not completely recover. On Day 50, more CON and RF rats than PR rats were pubertal (5/6, 4/5 and 1/6, respectively; plasma testosterone >1 ng/mL) with the MR group (4/6) not different. Our hypothesis was supported: nutrient restriction of pre-pubertal rats delayed reproductive development, induced negative energy balance and decreased metabolic hormone concentrations (commensurate with restriction), whereas short-term refeeding after profound restriction largely restored reproductive end points and plasma hormone concentrations, but not body composition.

Antagonism of opioid receptors reduces body fat in obese rats by decreasing food intake and stimulating lipid utilization

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. R1399-R1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Statnick ◽  
Frank C. Tinsley ◽  
Brian J. Eastwood ◽  
Todd M. Suter ◽  
Charles H. Mitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Obese Rats

Agonists to opioid receptors induce a positive energy balance, whereas antagonists at these receptors reduce food intake and body weight in rodent models of obesity. An analog of 3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine, LY255582, is a potent non-morphinan antagonist for μ-, κ-, and δ-receptors ( K i of 0.4, 2.0, and 5.2 nM, respectively). In the present study, we examined the effects of oral LY255582 treatment on caloric intake, calorie expenditure, and body composition in dietary-induced obese rats. Acute oral treatment of LY255582 produced a dose-dependent decrease in energy intake and respiratory quotient (RQ), which correlated with the occupancy of central opioid receptors. Animals receiving chronic oral treatment with LY255582 for 14 days maintained a negative energy balance that was sustained by increased lipid use. Analysis of body composition revealed a reduction in fat mass accretion, with no change in lean body mass, in animals treated with LY255582. Therefore, chronic treatment with LY255582 reduces adipose tissue mass by reducing energy intake and stimulating lipid use.

Dietary betaine and ractopamine combine to increase lean tissue deposition in finisher pigs, particularly gilts

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
D. J. Cadogan ◽  
G. G. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Improve Body Composition ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Daily Gain

Dietary ractopamine increases lean tissue deposition, with the responses most evident at ad libitum feed intakes whereas dietary betaine can improve growth by reducing maintenance requirements, with the greatest responses occurring when energy is limiting. This study was conducted to investigate the interactions between dietary ractopamine and betaine on growth and carcass characteristics in restrictively fed [31.0 MJ digestible energy (DE)/day for 14 days followed by 36.8 MJ DE/day for 21 days] boars and gilts. Forty individually penned pigs (58.4 kg) were allocated to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with the respective factors being sex (gilt or boar), dietary betaine (0 and 1.5 g/kg betaine) and dietary ractopamine (0 and 10 ppm ractopamine) for 35 days. Over the first 14 days of the study when the restriction was greatest, daily gain was greater in pigs fed betaine (+8%, P = 0.04) and in boars (+12%, P = 0.005) but was not affected by ractopamine (P = 0.18). Lean deposition was greater in pigs fed betaine (+5%, P = 0.08) and in boars (+6%, P = 0.006) but was not affected by ractopamine (P = 0.57). However, there was an interaction (P = 0.03) between ractopamine and sex such that ractopamine increased lean deposition in gilts but not boars. Thus, betaine and ractopamine had additive effects on lean mass in gilts (+5.1 kg) but not boars. Fat deposition was less in pigs fed ractopamine (–8%, P = 0.05) and in boars (–17%, P < 0.001) but was not affected by betaine (P = 0.81). However, there was an interaction (P = 0.04) between dietary ractopamine and sex such that ractopamine decreased fat deposition in gilts (–14%) but not boars. In conclusion, dietary betaine and ractopamine may have additive effects on lean deposition and improve body composition in gilts but responses in boars are more equivocal.

scholarly journals In vivo measurement of body composition of chickens using quantitative magnetic resonance

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1712-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Mitchell ◽  
R.W. Rosebrough ◽  
G.Z. Taicher ◽  
I. Kovner
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance

Migratory fat deposition in European quail: a role for prolactin?

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Boswell ◽  
P J Sharp ◽  
M R Hall ◽  
A R Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Daily Rhythm ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ovine Prolactin

Abstract The present study addresses the role of prolactin as a regulator of migratory fattening in European quail (Coturnix coturnix). Plasma prolactin levels in captive birds undergoing migratory fattening in an outdoor aviary and in the laboratory were measured by radioimmunoassay with an antibody raised against recombinant-derived chicken prolactin. No strong association between prolactin and migratory fattening was apparent, and prolactin levels were more closely related to daylength, with the highest concentrations being reached on long days. Plasma prolactin profiles were similar in intact and castrated male quail. Prolactin was secreted in a daily rhythm, with the highest concentrations occurring early in the photophase. However, when birds were food-restricted for 50 days during a migratory phase, there was no difference in fat deposition between birds food-deprived for the first half of the daily photophase compared with those deprived for the second half. Fattening was reduced in the food-restricted birds relative to ad libitum-fed controls, but there was no difference in plasma prolactin levels between the groups. Injections of ovine prolactin (4 mg/kg) significantly increased food intake and body mass of birds maintained on long days, but there were no differences in fattening between birds injected in the morning compared with those injected in the afternoon. Collectively, these results do not support a major role for prolactin in the regulation of migratory fat deposition in European quail. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 71–79

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