Role of endothelin-1 in stress response in the central nervous system

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. R515-R521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Kurihara ◽  
Hiroki Kurihara ◽  
Hiroyuki Morita ◽  
Wei-Hua Cao ◽  
Guang-Yi Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Catecholamine Metabolism ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Endothelin (ET)-1 is a 21-amino acid peptide that induces a variety of biological activities, including vasoconstriction and cell proliferation, and its likely involvement in cardiovascular and other diseases has recently led to broad clinical trials of ET receptor antagonists. ET-1 is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), where it is thought to regulate hormone and neurotransmitter release. Here we show that CNS responses to emotional and physical stressors are differentially affected in heterozygous ET-1-knockout mice, which exhibited diminished aggressive and autonomic responses toward intruders (emotional stressors) but responded to restraint-induced (physical) stress more intensely than wild-type mice. This suggests differing roles of ET-1 in the central pathways mediating responses to different types of stress. Hypothalamic levels of ET-1 and the catecholamine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were both increased in wild-type mice subjected to intruder stress, whereas MHPG levels were not significantly affected in ET-1-knockout mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that ET-1 and tyrosine hydroxylase, an enzyme in the catecholamine synthesis pathway, were colocalized within certain neurons of the hypothalamus and amygdala. Our findings suggest that ET-1 modulates central coordination of stress responses in close association with catecholamine metabolism.

Degeneration of skeletal muscle, peripheral nerves, and the central nervous system in transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type prion proteins

Cell ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Westaway ◽  
Stephen J. DeArmond ◽  
Juliana Cayetano-Canlas ◽  
Darlene Groth ◽  
Dallas Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Prion Proteins ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Delayed development of specific thyroid hormone-regulated events in transthyretin null mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (1) ◽  
pp. E23-E31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Monk ◽  
Natalie A. Sims ◽  
Katarzyna M. Dziegielewska ◽  
Roy E. Weiss ◽  
Robert G. Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Delayed Growth

Thyroid hormones (THs) are vital for normal postnatal development. Extracellular TH distributor proteins create an intravascular reservoir of THs. Transthyretin (TTR) is a TH distributor protein in the circulatory system and is the only TH distributor protein synthesized in the central nervous system. We investigated the phenotype of TTR null mice during development. Total and free 3′,5′,3,5-tetraiodo-l-thyronine (T4) and free 3′,3,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) in plasma were significantly reduced in 14-day-old (P14) TTR null mice. TTR null mice also displayed a delayed suckling-to-weaning transition, decreased muscle mass, delayed growth, and retarded longitudinal bone growth. In addition, ileums from postnatal day 0 (P0) TTR null mice displayed disordered architecture and contained fewer goblet cells than wild type. Protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from P0 and P14 TTR null mice were higher than in age-matched wild-type mice. In contrast to the current literature based on analyses of adult TTR null mice, our results demonstrate that TTR has an important and nonredundant role in influencing the development of several organs.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Analysis of Metastatic Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 935-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Becher ◽  
Ty W. Abel ◽  
Reid C. Thompson ◽  
Kyle D. Weaver ◽  
Larry E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Borna Disease Virus Accelerates Inflammation and Disease Associated with Transgenic Expression of Interleukin-12 in the Central Nervous System

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (23) ◽  
pp. 12223-12232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Freude ◽  
Jürgen Hausmann ◽  
Markus Hofer ◽  
Ngan Pham-Mitchell ◽  
Iain L. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Borna Disease

ABSTRACT Targeted expression of biologically active interleukin-12 (IL-12) in astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS) results in spontaneous neuroimmunological disease of aged mice. Borna disease virus (BDV) can readily multiply in the mouse CNS but does not trigger disease in most strains. Here we show that a large percentage of IL-12 transgenic mice developed severe ataxia within 5 to 10 weeks after infection with BDV. By contrast, no disease developed in mock-infected IL-12 transgenic and wild-type mice until 4 months of age. Neurological symptoms were rare in infected wild-type animals, and if they occurred, these were milder and appeared later. Histological analyses showed that the cerebellum of infected IL-12 transgenic mice, which is the brain region with strongest transgene expression, contained large numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as lower numbers of B cells, whereas other parts of the CNS showed only mild infiltration by lymphocytes. The cerebellum of diseased mice further showed severe astrogliosis, calcifications and signs of neurodegeneration. BDV antigen and nucleic acids were present in lower amounts in the inflamed cerebellum of infected transgenic mice than in the noninflamed cerebellum of infected wild-type littermates, suggesting that IL-12 or IL-12-induced cytokines exhibited antiviral activity. We propose that BDV infection accelerates the frequency by which immune cells such as lymphocytes and NK cells enter the CNS and then respond to IL-12 present in the local milieu causing disease. Our results illustrate that infection of the CNS with a virus that is benign in certain hosts can be harmful in such normally disease-resistant hosts if the tissue is unfavorably preconditioned by proinflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals RYEGRASS STAGGERS: CLINICAL, PATHOLOGICAL AND AETIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

1983 ◽  
pp. 230-233
Author(s):  
P.H. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Biochemical Lesion ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This paper briefly introduces animal disease aspects of ryegrass staggers IFiGS) and describes the occurence and the clinical signs of the disease. Recent suggestions for the production of a reversible biochemical lesion in the central nervous system are mentioned in relation to the apparent lack of specific morphological lesions found in sheep. The recent isolation of novel potent neurotoxins, the lolitrems, from toxic pasture material is reviewed. There is now strong circumstantial evidence that the lolitrems produce the neurotoxic disease of RGS and also that the lolitrems are elaborated in the close association of perennial ryegrass with its parasitic fungus, Lolium endophyte, in pastures. Under what conditions the lolitrems are produced, or their precise locus within the association, are not yet known.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY AND ITS SUPPLEMATION IN DISEASES OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
M.V. Khaitovych
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
System Review

Relevance. Anti-depressant effects of NMDA receptor antagonists have been proven, a close association between low levels of magnesium in the blood and depression. Therefore, in recent years, antidepressant properties of magnesium are actively studied in animal experiments. Objective: To review modern literary sources about the role of magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of diseases of the central nervous system. Materials and methods. Searching for a depth of 12 years at Scopus, Google Scholar. Results. The results of experimental and clinical researches pointed out on association between low level of magnesium in hair, liquor, brain with higher risk of development dementia, depression and anxiety. An additional supplementation with magnesium in patients associates with decreasing risk of ischemic stroke and dementia, in pregnancy – provides neuroprotection of fetus, in case of depression increases effectiveness of antidepressants, in brain injury associates with faster recovery of cognitive functions, in migraines - with decreasing in the frequency of attacks and improvement of the quality patients’ lives, in case of neuroleptic therapy - with the possibility of delayed appearance or absence of manifestations of drug parkinsonism. These changes are explained by antagonistic effects of magnesium on glutamate receptors, decreasing oxidative stress intensity as well as neural cell  apoptosis. Conclusion. Magnesium plays an important neuroprotective role.

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