Combination of bladder ultrasonography and novel cystometry method in mice reveals rapid decrease in bladder capacity and compliance in LPS-induced cystitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. F234-F241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Takezawa ◽  
Makoto Kondo ◽  
Hiroshi Kiuchi ◽  
Tetsuji Soda ◽  
Tetsuya Takao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Bladder Compliance ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Voided Volume

Various animal models have been used in research into bladder dysfunction, and in vivo cystometry is a common method to analyze bladder function in animals. However, it is rather difficult to perform reliably in small animals. Transabdominal bladder ultrasonography combined with cystometry in urethane-anesthetized mice have revealed physical inhibition of bladder wall movement by a bladder catheter conventionally placed in the bladder apex. For reliable evaluation of mouse lower urinary tract function, we established a novel cystometry method in which a catheter was placed in the bladder anterior wall, in combination with bladder ultrasonography. This new method allowed the bladder to be well distended (i.e., larger maximum bladder capacity, lower pressure threshold, higher voided volume, and higher bladder compliance compared with conventional methods), which reflected more spontaneous voiding than conventional cystometry methods. We also demonstrated the usefulness of bladder ultrasonography for analysis of mouse bladder function, especially bladder dynamics, maximum bladder capacity, and post-voiding residual volume. We analyzed bladder functional changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cystitis by combining bladder ultrasonography and this new cystometry method. Bladder ultrasonography revealed a rapid decrease in bladder capacity, and cystometry showed a rapid decrease in voided volume due to intravesical LPS instillation. This new cystometry method also revealed a rapid decrease in bladder compliance caused by LPS instillation, which was not detectable by conventional methods. The combination of ultrasonography and the new cystometry method may become a powerful tool for analysis of mouse bladder function and could contribute to the development of new treatments for bladder dysfunction.

Epidural Electrical Stimulation on Neurogenic Bladder

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Simeone ◽  
E. Frego ◽  
T. Zanotelli ◽  
R. Capra ◽  
A. Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Complete Relief ◽  
Detrusor Sphincter Dyssynergia ◽  
Thoracic Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

In 1967 Shealy first used electrical stimulation of the spinal cord to treat spasticity and pain. This therapy proved to be effective for bladder dysfunction too. The effect of electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at thoracic level has been evaluated in 18 neurogenic patients suffering from hyperreflexia with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Bladder function improved significantly in 13 (73%). Partial or complete relief of bladder hyperreflexia, marked increased of bladder capacity and reduction of residual urine were recorded. The beneficial effect of stimulation indicates that it is a safe and effective alternative treatment for the neuropathic bladder and careful trials with further investigations should be carried out.

Effects of Intravesical Prostaglandin E2 on Bladder Function are Preserved in Capsaicin-Desensitized Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hokanson ◽  
Christopher L Langdale ◽  
Philip H Milliken ◽  
Arun Sridhar ◽  
Warren M. Grill
Keyword(s):  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Urethral Pressure ◽  
Urinary Urgency ◽  
Hypogastric Nerve ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Bladder Compliance

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) instilled into the bladder generates symptoms of urinary urgency in healthy women and reduces bladder capacity and urethral pressure in both humans and female rats. Systemic capsaicin desensitization, which causes degeneration of C-fibers, prevented PGE2 mediated reductions in bladder capacity, suggesting that PGE2 acts as an irritant (Maggi et al.1988). In the present study, we instilled PGE2 in female rats after capsaicin desensitization, but without the hypogastric nerve transection that was conducted in the Maggi et al. study. One week after capsaicin injection (125 mg/kg, SC) rats underwent cystometric and urethral perfusion testing under urethane anesthesia with saline and 100 µM PGE2. Similar to naïve rats, capsaicin-desensitized rats exhibited a reduction in bladder capacity from 1.24 ± 0.13 ml to 0.70 ± 0.10 ml (P=0.002, n=9), a reduction in urethral perfusion pressure from 19.3 ± 2.1 cmH2O to 10.9 ± 1.15 cmH2O (P=0.004, n=9), and a reduction in bladder compliance from 0.13 ± 0.020 ml/cmH2O to 0.090 ± 0.014 ml/cmH2O (P=0.011, n=9). Thus, changes in bladder function following the instillationof PGE2 were not dependent on capsaicin-sensitive pathways. Further, these results suggest that urethral relaxation/weakness and/or increased detrusor pressure as a result of decreased compliance may contribute to urinary urgency and highlight potential targets for new therapies for overactive bladder.

scholarly journals Urinary Bladder Contraction and Relaxation: Physiology and Pathophysiology

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Erik Andersson ◽  
Anders Arner
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detrusor Smooth Muscle ◽  
Functional Changes

The detrusor smooth muscle is the main muscle component of the urinary bladder wall. Its ability to contract over a large length interval and to relax determines the bladder function during filling and micturition. These processes are regulated by several external nervous and hormonal control systems, and the detrusor contains multiple receptors and signaling pathways. Functional changes of the detrusor can be found in several clinically important conditions, e.g., lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bladder outlet obstruction. The aim of this review is to summarize and synthesize basic information and recent advances in the understanding of the properties of the detrusor smooth muscle, its contractile system, cellular signaling, membrane properties, and cellular receptors. Alterations in these systems in pathological conditions of the bladder wall are described, and some areas for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Social stress induces changes in urinary bladder function, bladder NGF content, and generalized bladder inflammation in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (7) ◽  
pp. R893-R900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald C. Mingin ◽  
Abbey Peterson ◽  
Cuixia Shi Erickson ◽  
Mark T. Nelson ◽  
Margaret A. Vizzard
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Urinary Bladder Dysfunction

Social stress may play a role in urinary bladder dysfunction in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we explored changes in bladder function caused by social stress using mouse models of stress and increasing stress. In the stress paradigm, individual submissive FVB mice were exposed to C57BL/6 aggressor mice directly/indirectly for 1 h/day for 2 or 4 wk. Increased stress was induced by continuous, direct/indirect exposure of FVB mice to aggressor mice for 2 wk. Stressed FVB mice exhibited nonvoiding bladder contractions and a decrease in both micturition interval (increased voiding frequency) and bladder capacity compared with control animals. ELISAs demonstrated a significant increase in histamine protein expression with no change in nerve growth factor protein expression in the urinary bladder compared with controls. Unlike stressed mice, mice exposed to an increased stress paradigm exhibited increased bladder capacities and intermicturition intervals (decreased voiding frequency). Both histamine and nerve growth factor protein expression were significantly increased with increased stress compared with control bladders. The change in bladder function from increased voiding frequency to decreased voiding frequency with increased stress intensity suggests that changes in social stress-induced urinary bladder dysfunction are context and duration dependent. In addition, changes in the bladder inflammatory milieu with social stress may be important contributors to changes in urinary bladder function.

scholarly journals Urodynamic evaluation of patients with localized prostate cancer before and 4 months after robotic radical prostatectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Sup Lee ◽  
Seung-ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Detrusor Contraction ◽  
Bladder Compliance ◽  
Urethral Closure ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Urodynamic Parameters

AbstractRadical prostatectomy can alter the anatomy of the urinary bladder. We aimed to evaluate bladder function before and 4 months after radical prostatectomy using the urodynamic test and overactive bladder (OAB) symptom score. Among 70 prospectively enrolled patients, 61 patients completed the study. In the urodynamic test, bladder capacity and compliance did not change, the frequency of involuntary detrusor contraction decreased, the maximum flow rate and bladder outlet obstruction index improved, and the maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) deteriorated. Further evaluation of urodynamic parameters according to changes in symptoms was made. Although change in bladder compliance was correlated with changes in OAB symptoms, not the relative change of bladder compliance but the relative change in the MUCP was reliable factor when OAB symptoms were deteriorated. In general, prostatectomy did not deteriorate the condition of the detrusor; rather, change in the MUCP could be responsible for postprostatectomy OAB.

scholarly journals Intravesical TRPV4 blockade reduces repeated variate stress-induced bladder dysfunction by increasing bladder capacity and decreasing voiding frequency in male rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (4) ◽  
pp. R471-R480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Merrill ◽  
Margaret A. Vizzard
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Detrusor Smooth Muscle ◽  
Bladder Pain

Individuals with functional lower urinary tract disorders including interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and overactive bladder (OAB) often report symptom (e.g., urinary frequency) worsening due to stress. One member of the transient receptor potential ion channel vanilloid family, TRPV4, has recently been implicated in urinary bladder dysfunction disorders including OAB and IC/BPS. These studies address the role of TRPV4 in stress-induced bladder dysfunction using an animal model of stress in male rats. To induce stress, rats were exposed to 7 days of repeated variate stress (RVS). Quantitative PCR data demonstrated significant ( P ≤ 0.01) increases in TRPV4 transcript levels in urothelium but not detrusor smooth muscle. Western blot analyses of split urinary bladders (i.e., urothelium and detrusor) showed significant ( P ≤ 0.01) increases in TRPV4 protein expression levels in urothelial tissues but not detrusor smooth muscle. We previously showed that RVS produces bladder dysfunction characterized by decreased bladder capacity and increased voiding frequency. The functional role of TRPV4 in RVS-induced bladder dysfunction was evaluated using continuous, open outlet intravesical infusion of saline in conjunction with administration of a TRPV4 agonist, GSK1016790A (3 μM), a TRPV4 antagonist, HC067047 (1 μM), or vehicle (0.1% DMSO in saline) in control and RVS-treated rats. Bladder capacity, void volume, and intercontraction interval significantly decreased following intravesical instillation of GSK1016790A in control rats and significantly ( P ≤ 0.01) increased following administration of HC067047 in RVS-treated rats. These results demonstrate increased TRPV4 expression in the urothelium following RVS and that TRPV4 blockade ameliorates RVS-induced bladder dysfunction consistent with the role of TRPV4 as a promising target for bladder function disorders.

scholarly journals Anesthetic agents affect urodynamic parameters and anesthetic depth at doses necessary to facilitate preclinical testing in felines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajie Jessica Xu ◽  
Zuha Yousuf ◽  
Zhonghua Ouyang ◽  
Eric Kennedy ◽  
Patrick A. Lester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Bladder Pressure ◽  
Anesthetic Depth ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Bladder Compliance ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Bladder Pathology

AbstractUrodynamic studies, used to understand bladder function, diagnose bladder disease, and develop treatments for dysfunctions, are ideally performed with awake subjects. However, in animal models, especially cats (a common model of spinal cord injury and associated bladder pathology), anesthesia is often required for these procedures and can be a research confounder. This study compared the effects of select agents (dexmedetomidine, alfaxalone, propofol, isoflurane, and α-chloralose) on urodynamic (Δpressure, bladder capacity, bladder compliance, non-voiding contractions, bladder pressure slopes) and anesthetic (change in heart rate [ΔHR], average heart rate [HR], reflexes, induction/recovery times) parameters in repeated cystometrograms across five adult male cats. Δpressure was greatest with propofol, bladder capacity was highest with α-chloralose, non-voiding contractions were greatest with α-chloralose. Propofol and dexmedetomidine had the highest bladder pressure slopes during the initial and final portions of the cystometrograms respectively. Cats progressed to a deeper plane of anesthesia (lower HR, smaller ΔHR, decreased reflexes) under dexmedetomidine, compared to propofol and alfaxalone. Time to induction was shortest with propofol, and time to recovery was shortest with dexmedetomidine. These agent-specific differences in urodynamic and anesthetic parameters in cats will facilitate appropriate study-specific anesthetic choices.

scholarly journals OAB without an overactive bladder in the acute prostaglandin E2 rat model

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. F1169-F1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hokanson ◽  
Christopher L. Langdale ◽  
Arun Sridhar ◽  
Warren M. Grill
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Bladder Compliance ◽  
Urethral Smooth Muscle ◽  
Proximal Urethra ◽  
Promising Avenue

Intravesical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was previously used to induce overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, as it reduces bladder capacity in rats and causes a “strong urgency sensation” in healthy women. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. To clarify how PGE2 reduces bladder capacity, 100 µM PGE2 was administered intravesically during open, single-fill cystometry with simultaneous measurement of sphincter EMG in the urethane-anesthetized female Wistar rat. PGE2 was also applied to the urethra or bladder selectively by use of a ligature at the bladder neck before (urethra) or during (bladder) closed-outlet, single-fill cystometry. Additional tests of urethral perfusion with PGE2 were made. PGE2 decreased bladder capacity, increased voiding efficiency, and increased sphincter EMG during open cystometry compared with saline controls. The number of nonvoiding contractions did not change with PGE2; however, bladder compliance decreased. During closed-outlet cystometry, PGE2 applied only to the bladder or the urethra did not decrease bladder capacity. Urethral infusion of PGE2 decreased urethral perfusion pressure. Taken together, these results suggest that intravesical PGE2 may decrease bladder capacity by targeting afferents in the proximal urethra. This may occur through urethral relaxation and decreased bladder compliance, both of which may increase activation of proximal urethra afferents from distension of the proximal urethra. This hypothesis stands in contrast to many hypotheses of urgency that focus on bladder dysfunction as the primary cause of OAB symptoms. Targeting the urethra, particularly urethral smooth muscle, may be a promising avenue for the design of drugs and devices to treat OAB.

scholarly journals L-Theanine Protects Bladder Function by Suppressing Chronic Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Kanako Matsuoka ◽  
Hidenori Akaihata ◽  
Junya Hata ◽  
Ryo Tanji ◽  
Ruriko Honda-Takinami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Water Group

Chronic sympathetic hyperactivity is known to affect metabolism and cause various organ damage including bladder dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated whether L-theanine, a major amino acid found in green tea, ameliorates bladder dysfunction induced by chronic sympathetic hyperactivity as a dietary component for daily consumption. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), as an animal model of bladder dysfunction, were divided into SHR–water and SHR–theanine groups. After 6 weeks of oral administration, the sympathetic nervous system, bladder function, and oxidative stress of bladder tissue were evaluated. The mean blood pressure, serum noradrenaline level, and media-to-lumen ratio of small arteries in the suburothelium were significantly lower in the SHR–theanine than in the SHR–water group. Micturition interval was significantly longer, and bladder capacity was significantly higher in the SHR–theanine than in the SHR–water group. Bladder strip contractility was also higher in the SHR–theanine than in the SHR–water group. Western blotting of bladder showed that expression of malondialdehyde was significantly lower in the SHR–theanine than in the SHR–water group. These results suggested that orally administered L-theanine may contribute at least partly to the prevention of bladder dysfunctions by inhibiting chronic sympathetic hyperactivity and protecting bladder contractility.

scholarly journals Acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI) in the non-distended bladder does not predict abnormal urodynamic parameters in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney S. Streur ◽  
Ethan A. Smith ◽  
Jonathan R. Dillman ◽  
Kate H. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Radiation Force ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Tissue Stiffness ◽  
Shear Wave Speed ◽  
Bladder Compliance ◽  
Urodynamic Parameters

Introduction: Acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI) is a recently developed form of ultrasound imaging that allows in-vivo measurement of tissue stiffness. This technology could be useful at predicting bladder compliance in children. We hypothesize that tissue stiffness, as measured by ARFI, correlates with abnormal bladder compliance and capacity in patients with bladder dysfunction. Methods: Patients who presented for cystometrography (CMG) underwent ARFI of the bladder wall. Nine bladder wall shear wave speed (SWS) measurements were acquired using point and 2D ultrasound shear wave elastography. The mean for each ARFI technique was correlated to bladder compliance, calculated using Wahl’s dimensionless number. ARFI parameters also were correlated with bladder capacity. Results: A total of 25 patients were enrolled. Mean age at time of enrollment was 4.23.9 years (range: 2 months to 15 years). There was no significant correlation between bladder compliance and point shear wave speed measurements (r=-0.22, p=0.31) or 2D shear wave speed measurements (r =-0.35, p=0.1). A total of 19 patients had bladder capacity below EBC. There was no significant correlation between bladder capacity and point shear wave speed measurements (r =-0.08, p=0.7) or 2D shear wave speed measurements (r=-0.36, p=0.09). Conclusions: Our results did not demonstrate a significant correlation between bladder wall ARFI shear wave measurements and bladder compliance or bladder capacity. Further studies are warranted to determine whether ARFI may be used to predict abnormal urodynamic parameters in children.

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