scholarly journals L-Theanine Protects Bladder Function by Suppressing Chronic Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Kanako Matsuoka ◽  
Hidenori Akaihata ◽  
Junya Hata ◽  
Ryo Tanji ◽  
Ruriko Honda-Takinami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Water Group

Chronic sympathetic hyperactivity is known to affect metabolism and cause various organ damage including bladder dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated whether L-theanine, a major amino acid found in green tea, ameliorates bladder dysfunction induced by chronic sympathetic hyperactivity as a dietary component for daily consumption. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), as an animal model of bladder dysfunction, were divided into SHR–water and SHR–theanine groups. After 6 weeks of oral administration, the sympathetic nervous system, bladder function, and oxidative stress of bladder tissue were evaluated. The mean blood pressure, serum noradrenaline level, and media-to-lumen ratio of small arteries in the suburothelium were significantly lower in the SHR–theanine than in the SHR–water group. Micturition interval was significantly longer, and bladder capacity was significantly higher in the SHR–theanine than in the SHR–water group. Bladder strip contractility was also higher in the SHR–theanine than in the SHR–water group. Western blotting of bladder showed that expression of malondialdehyde was significantly lower in the SHR–theanine than in the SHR–water group. These results suggested that orally administered L-theanine may contribute at least partly to the prevention of bladder dysfunctions by inhibiting chronic sympathetic hyperactivity and protecting bladder contractility.

Estrous Cycle Alters Micturition Pattern in Conscious Rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phani B. Patra
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Void Volume ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Estrus Stage

Background The present study aims to investigate the influence of estrous cycle on micturition pattern in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat. Methods Micturition pattern was evaluated by measuring void volume, void interval and void pressure in each stage of the estrous cycle by cystometry. Results A higher bladder capacity and a decrease in the frequency of micturition occurred in the pro-estrus and estrus stage, while a lower bladder capacity and an increase in the frequency of micturition occurred in the diestrus stage. Conclusions It is suggested that these remarkable variations in the physiology of the micturition pattern during different stages of the estrous cycle might be due to the effects of estrogen and progesterone because the level of these hormones fluctuate during each stage of the cycle. Therefore, monitoring the estrous cycle prior to any cystometry experiment in conscious rat is recommended for a better understanding of the effects of these hormones on bladder function.

Voiding behavior in awake unrestrained untethered spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar control rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L Langdale ◽  
Danielle J Degoski ◽  
Philip H Milliken ◽  
Warren M. Grill
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Infusion Pump ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Voided Volume

The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a genetic model of high blood pressure, has also been studied as a potential model of overactive bladder (OAB). In vivo studies confirmed the presence of surrogate markers of OAB, including detrusor overactivity (DO), increased urinary frequency, decreased bladder capacity and voided volume, and afferent hypersensitivity to bladder irritation. However, these observations were during awake cystometry (CMG) using implanted bladder catheters tethered to an infusion pump and artificially filled. We conducted studies in awake unrestrained untethered age-matched female SHR and Wistar rats to quantify naïve consumption and voiding behavior and the effect of capsaicin desensitization on consumption and voiding behavior. Food and water consumption, body weight, voiding frequency (VF), and voided volume (VV) were recorded. Rats were placed in metabolism cages for 24 h, up to twice a week, from 17 to 37 weeks of age. In SHRs, body weight, food, and water consumption were decreased compared to Wistars. However, after normalizing for body weight, only water consumption was reduced. Wistars exhibited a diurnal pattern of voiding behavior. Compared to Wistars, SHRs showed smaller VV and lacked a diurnal voiding pattern such that VV was similar during both light cycles. No difference in VF was observed after normalizing for water consumption. We observed no change in SHR voiding behavior following capsaicin desensitization, which was in contrast to a prior awake in vivo cystometry study describing increased VV and micturition interval in SHRs, and suggests that C-fiber activity may not contribute to bladder hypersensitivity in SHRs.

Epidural Electrical Stimulation on Neurogenic Bladder

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Simeone ◽  
E. Frego ◽  
T. Zanotelli ◽  
R. Capra ◽  
A. Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Complete Relief ◽  
Detrusor Sphincter Dyssynergia ◽  
Thoracic Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

In 1967 Shealy first used electrical stimulation of the spinal cord to treat spasticity and pain. This therapy proved to be effective for bladder dysfunction too. The effect of electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at thoracic level has been evaluated in 18 neurogenic patients suffering from hyperreflexia with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Bladder function improved significantly in 13 (73%). Partial or complete relief of bladder hyperreflexia, marked increased of bladder capacity and reduction of residual urine were recorded. The beneficial effect of stimulation indicates that it is a safe and effective alternative treatment for the neuropathic bladder and careful trials with further investigations should be carried out.

Regulation of therapeutic apoptosis: a potential target in controlling hypertensive organ damage

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis deBlois ◽  
Bun-Seng Tea ◽  
Diane Beaudry ◽  
Pavel Hamet
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

Cell growth and survival are potential therapeutic targets for the control of complications associated with hypertension. In most cardiovascular disorders, cardiac fibroblasts and large-vessel smooth muscle cells can replicate and thus contribute to the disease. We propose that cardiovascular hyperplasia may be reversed via therapeutic apoptosis induction with drugs that are safe and already used in the clinic. We first reported that, irrespective of the drug class, those drugs that are able to induce regression of cardiovascular hypertrophy are also able to reverse cardiovascular hyperplasia via apoptosis. Drugs active in this regard include inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers. Moreover, the effects of these drugs on cell survival is not merely secondary to blood pressure reduction. Therapeutic apoptosis in the cardiovascular system of the spontaneously hypertensive rat is characterized by a rapid and transient onset following initiation of antihypertensive treatment. Herein, the induction and termination of therapeutic apoptosis during drug treatment of hypertension will be briefly reviewed and supported by novel data suggesting that reversal of cardiovascular hyperplasia is associated with reduced cell growth and a resistance to further induction of therapeutic apoptosis, as shown in spontaneously hypertensive rats receiving an intermittent regime of nifedipine therapy. We propose that the presence of a cell subpopulation with defective cell cycle regulation may determine organ susceptibility to undergo therapeutic apoptosis.Key words: apoptosis, hypertension, hyperplasia, growth, nifedipine.

Characterization of silodosin and naftopidil in the treatment of bladder dysfunction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoaki Saito ◽  
Shogo Shimizu ◽  
Fumiya Ohmasa ◽  
Ryo Oikawa ◽  
Panagiota Tsounapi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Hypertensive Rat

scholarly journals Social stress induces changes in urinary bladder function, bladder NGF content, and generalized bladder inflammation in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (7) ◽  
pp. R893-R900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald C. Mingin ◽  
Abbey Peterson ◽  
Cuixia Shi Erickson ◽  
Mark T. Nelson ◽  
Margaret A. Vizzard
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Urinary Bladder Dysfunction

Social stress may play a role in urinary bladder dysfunction in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we explored changes in bladder function caused by social stress using mouse models of stress and increasing stress. In the stress paradigm, individual submissive FVB mice were exposed to C57BL/6 aggressor mice directly/indirectly for 1 h/day for 2 or 4 wk. Increased stress was induced by continuous, direct/indirect exposure of FVB mice to aggressor mice for 2 wk. Stressed FVB mice exhibited nonvoiding bladder contractions and a decrease in both micturition interval (increased voiding frequency) and bladder capacity compared with control animals. ELISAs demonstrated a significant increase in histamine protein expression with no change in nerve growth factor protein expression in the urinary bladder compared with controls. Unlike stressed mice, mice exposed to an increased stress paradigm exhibited increased bladder capacities and intermicturition intervals (decreased voiding frequency). Both histamine and nerve growth factor protein expression were significantly increased with increased stress compared with control bladders. The change in bladder function from increased voiding frequency to decreased voiding frequency with increased stress intensity suggests that changes in social stress-induced urinary bladder dysfunction are context and duration dependent. In addition, changes in the bladder inflammatory milieu with social stress may be important contributors to changes in urinary bladder function.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Sphingolipid Metabolizing Enzymes in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: A Possible Substrate for Susceptibility to Brain and Kidney Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3796
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pepe ◽  
Maria Cotugno ◽  
Federico Marracino ◽  
Susy Giova ◽  
Luca Capocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Rat Strain ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Alterations in the metabolism of sphingolipids, a class of biologically active molecules in cell membranes with direct effect on vascular homeostasis, are increasingly recognized as important determinant in different vascular disorders. However, it is not clear whether sphingolipids are implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension-related cerebrovascular and renal damage. In this study, we evaluated the existence of possible abnormalities related to the sphingolipid metabolism in the brain and kidneys of two well validated spontaneously hypertensive rat strains, the stroke-prone (SHRSP) and the stroke-resistant (SHRSR) models, as compared to the normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat strain. Our results showed a global alteration in the metabolism of sphingolipids in both cerebral and renal tissues of both hypertensive strains as compared to the normotensive rat. However, few defects, such as reduced expression of enzymes involved in the metabolism/catabolism of sphingosine-1-phosphate and in the de novo biosynthetic pathways, were exclusively detected in the SHRSP. Although further studies are necessary to fully understand the significance of these findings, they suggest that defects in specific lipid molecules and/or their related metabolic pathways may likely contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertensive target organ damage and may eventually serve as future therapeutic targets to reduce the vascular consequences of hypertension.

Combination of bladder ultrasonography and novel cystometry method in mice reveals rapid decrease in bladder capacity and compliance in LPS-induced cystitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. F234-F241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Takezawa ◽  
Makoto Kondo ◽  
Hiroshi Kiuchi ◽  
Tetsuji Soda ◽  
Tetsuya Takao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Bladder Compliance ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Voided Volume

Various animal models have been used in research into bladder dysfunction, and in vivo cystometry is a common method to analyze bladder function in animals. However, it is rather difficult to perform reliably in small animals. Transabdominal bladder ultrasonography combined with cystometry in urethane-anesthetized mice have revealed physical inhibition of bladder wall movement by a bladder catheter conventionally placed in the bladder apex. For reliable evaluation of mouse lower urinary tract function, we established a novel cystometry method in which a catheter was placed in the bladder anterior wall, in combination with bladder ultrasonography. This new method allowed the bladder to be well distended (i.e., larger maximum bladder capacity, lower pressure threshold, higher voided volume, and higher bladder compliance compared with conventional methods), which reflected more spontaneous voiding than conventional cystometry methods. We also demonstrated the usefulness of bladder ultrasonography for analysis of mouse bladder function, especially bladder dynamics, maximum bladder capacity, and post-voiding residual volume. We analyzed bladder functional changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cystitis by combining bladder ultrasonography and this new cystometry method. Bladder ultrasonography revealed a rapid decrease in bladder capacity, and cystometry showed a rapid decrease in voided volume due to intravesical LPS instillation. This new cystometry method also revealed a rapid decrease in bladder compliance caused by LPS instillation, which was not detectable by conventional methods. The combination of ultrasonography and the new cystometry method may become a powerful tool for analysis of mouse bladder function and could contribute to the development of new treatments for bladder dysfunction.

Voltage-gated Na+ Channel Blockers Reduce Functional Bladder Capacity in the Conscious Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Urology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1410.e1-1410.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K. Clouse ◽  
Malcolm J. Jugus ◽  
Stephen H. Eisennagel ◽  
Nicholas J. Laping ◽  
Timothy D. Westfall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Na Channel ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Hypertensive Rat

scholarly journals Intravesical TRPV4 blockade reduces repeated variate stress-induced bladder dysfunction by increasing bladder capacity and decreasing voiding frequency in male rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (4) ◽  
pp. R471-R480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Merrill ◽  
Margaret A. Vizzard
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Detrusor Smooth Muscle ◽  
Bladder Pain

Individuals with functional lower urinary tract disorders including interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and overactive bladder (OAB) often report symptom (e.g., urinary frequency) worsening due to stress. One member of the transient receptor potential ion channel vanilloid family, TRPV4, has recently been implicated in urinary bladder dysfunction disorders including OAB and IC/BPS. These studies address the role of TRPV4 in stress-induced bladder dysfunction using an animal model of stress in male rats. To induce stress, rats were exposed to 7 days of repeated variate stress (RVS). Quantitative PCR data demonstrated significant ( P ≤ 0.01) increases in TRPV4 transcript levels in urothelium but not detrusor smooth muscle. Western blot analyses of split urinary bladders (i.e., urothelium and detrusor) showed significant ( P ≤ 0.01) increases in TRPV4 protein expression levels in urothelial tissues but not detrusor smooth muscle. We previously showed that RVS produces bladder dysfunction characterized by decreased bladder capacity and increased voiding frequency. The functional role of TRPV4 in RVS-induced bladder dysfunction was evaluated using continuous, open outlet intravesical infusion of saline in conjunction with administration of a TRPV4 agonist, GSK1016790A (3 μM), a TRPV4 antagonist, HC067047 (1 μM), or vehicle (0.1% DMSO in saline) in control and RVS-treated rats. Bladder capacity, void volume, and intercontraction interval significantly decreased following intravesical instillation of GSK1016790A in control rats and significantly ( P ≤ 0.01) increased following administration of HC067047 in RVS-treated rats. These results demonstrate increased TRPV4 expression in the urothelium following RVS and that TRPV4 blockade ameliorates RVS-induced bladder dysfunction consistent with the role of TRPV4 as a promising target for bladder function disorders.

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