Utilization of body energy reserves during work in dogs

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Young ◽  
R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Excretion of urinary nitrogen and acetone at rest and during four controlled levels of work output (treadmill running) was examined in five postabsorptive dogs. With resting energy-expenditures of 600–800 Cal., the average outputs of nonprotein nitrogen, urea nitrogen, creatine nitrogen, and acetone were 2.19 gm, 1.69 gm, 74.7 mg, and 11.6 mg, respectively. With the possible exception of acetone, output of the various urinary constituents was significantly higher (4 x) at rest than during work of comparable cost. Energy metabolism during the performance of 300, 600, 1200, and 1800 Cal. of work was estimated from the respiratory gas exchange and urinary nitrogen. During long-sustained physical work, the percentage of energy derived from the oxidation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein was relatively constant at 65, 32, and 3%, respectively. Preliminary calculations suggest that all of the energy, whether combusted as carbohydrate or fat, was derived ultimately from the body lipids. Submitted on October 26, 1960

Energy metabolism and gas exchange during treadmill running in dogs

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 834-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Young ◽  
R. Mosher ◽  
P. Erve ◽  
H. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Caloric Expenditure ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peak Value

The energy cost of treadmill running was studied in six dogs at grades of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 19 and 22 degrees of inclination. The relationship between caloric expenditure and grade is significant. A product-moment coefficient of correlation of +0.978 was found. A product-moment coefficient correlation of +0.941 was found between work pulse rate and caloric expenditure. Climbing efficiency showed a maximum of 28% and decreased at the lowest and highest grades. Respiratory efficiencies were highest during resting conditions. Maximum O2 uptake increased with age to a peak value of 136 cc/kg/min. at 1 year of age. Maximum 24-minute recovery O2 debts of 4–6 liters were measured following exhaustive running. The data form a basic standardization background for application of the treadmill as a device for studies of controlled work output in the dog. Submitted on September 17, 1958

Energy Expenditures Requirement in Low Coal Mines

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
M. M. Ayoub ◽  
J. L. Selan
Keyword(s):  
Work Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Work Physiology ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Roof Bolting ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Work Up

A biomechanical and work physiology study was conducted on low coal miners. The biomechanical analysis consisted of comparing the anthropometric and isometric strength characteristics of miners to other populations; the work physiology portion consisted of identifying demanding tasks via a task analysis, determining energy requirements for demanding tasks, and determining percentage of VO2 max required for demanding tasks. Miners show increased musculature of those body segments most stressed in their work environment and few differences in strength compared to other groups. Highly demanding tasks identified were roof bolting, timbering, miner and bolter helper, shoveling, stoopwalking, and crawling. Energy expenditure estimates on underground tasks indicate that these tasks fall under the category of heavy work. Miners work up to 66% of their physical work capacity when performing their underground tasks. Work and rest schedules based on predicted endurance times for both male and female miners is discussed, along with biomechanical stresses on the body for certain tasks.

scholarly journals Body mass index, energy reserves, and tissue composition of cuts of Corriedale lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Tavares Costa ◽  
Gilson de Mendonça ◽  
Larissa Picada Brum ◽  
Thiago Pereira Vieira ◽  
Fernanda Dornelles Feijó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Energy

Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify relationships of the body mass index (BMI) with the body energy reserves and tissue composition of shoulder and leg cuts of Corriedale lambs. Twenty-two sheep with average age of 18 months were used. Linear regressions were determined between the studied characteristics. The mean body mass, body condition score (BCS), and BMI were 49.09±7.8 kg, 2.69±0.81, and 10.66±0.99, respectively. The BMI was correlated with the BCS (r = 0.51) and internal fat (r = 0.81). Multiple linear equations, involving BMI and BCS, yielded correlation coefficients between 0.50 and 0.76, with significant values for all studied characteristics. The body mass index allows estimating the body energy reserves of Corriedale sheep.

Features of development of functional overstrain at workers of physical work

2020 ◽  
pp. 643-643
Author(s):  
A. V. Kapustina ◽  
V. V. Elizarova ◽  
O. V. Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Professional Groups

The results of the production studies of professional groups of manual labor (stone saws, packers, slingers) are presented. It is shown that a change in the functional state of the body of workers leads to the development of fatigue and overstrain of the body systems of workers.

Plasticity of nutrient accumulation patterns in diapausing fall webworm pupae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lvquan Zhao ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ying Qiu ◽  
Alex S. Torson
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Energy Reserve ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Fall Webworm ◽  
Diapause Incidence

Abstract The accumulation of nutrients during diapause preparation is crucial because any lack of nutrition will reduce the likelihood of insects completing diapause, thereby decreasing their chances of survival and reproduction. The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, diapause as overwintering pupae and their diapause incidence and diapause intensity are regulated by the photoperiod. In this study, we test the hypothesis that photoperiod influences energy reserve accumulation during diapause preparation in fall webworm. We found that the body size and mass, lipid and carbohydrate content of pupae with a short photoperiod during the diapause induction phase were significantly greater than those of pupae with a relatively short photoperiod, and the efficiency of converting digested food and ingested food into body matter was greater in the short-photoperiod diapause-destined larvae than the relatively short-photoperiod diapause-destined larvae. We also observed higher lipase and amylase activities in short-photoperiod diapause-destined larvae relative to the counterparts. However, no obvious difference was found in protein and protease in the pupae with a short photoperiod during the diapause induction phase and short-photoperiod diapause-destined larvae compared with the counterparts. Therefore, we conclude that the energy reserve patterns of diapausing fall webworm pupae are plastic and that short-photoperiod diapause-destined larvae increase their energy reserves by improving their feeding efficiency and increase their lipid and carbohydrate stores by increasing the lipase and amylase activities in the midgut.

Simulation and Analysis on Pressure Resistance Experiments of Automotive Body

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 1451-1455
Author(s):  
Guang Yao Zhao ◽  
Yi Feng Zhao ◽  
Chuan Yin Tang ◽  
Zhi Yuan Du
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Automotive Body ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Vehicle Rollover ◽  
Pressure Resistance ◽  
Body Energy

Aimed at SUV-type vehicle, simulation and analysis of pressure resistance experiments on the body of automobile has been presented in the paper, according to the vehicle safety regulations and standards of FMVSS216. A limited SUV vehicle model is created; simulation is obtained with the help of software LS-DYNA, based on the principle of finite element analysis method. Assessment of pressure resistance and safety of the automobile has been presented, from the aspect of the deformation of body, the energy absorption of the vehicle and components, and the pressure on the body, etc. By rational improving of the original design of body structure, the reasonable distribution of pressure absorbability of the body of the SUV-type automobile is achieved. The effect of the overall energy absorption of the body is fully exerted, and then the safety of the driver and the passenger in a rollover accident is improved. Research methods and conclusions of this paper provide useful ways and references to the research of the safety of vehicle rollover and design of rationality of body energy absorption

Effect of starch on the utilization by sheep of a straw diet supplemented with urea and minerals

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Mulholland ◽  
JB Coombe ◽  
WR McManus
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Individually penned Border Leicester x Merino wethers, aged 11 months, were fed ad lib. for 16 weeks on a basal ration of ground, pelleted oat straw, urea and minerals, supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 40% starch. The diets contained equal percentages of nitrogen and minerals. Dry matter intake reached a maximum of 2000 g/day with 30% starch; above this starch level, digestive disturbances were observed. Organic matter digestibility was increased by the addition of starch, but cellulose digestibility was depressed by as much as 18 units with the addition of 30% starch. Up to 10% the starch level had little effect on cellulose digestibility. Liveweight change was significantly correlated with digestible organic matter intake, mean daily weight gains varying from 22 g with no starch to 104 g with 30% starch. However, a large percentage of the liveweight gain was as total body water, and body energy storage increased appreciably only when the diet contained at least 20% starch. The inclusion of 5% starch slightly depressed both intake and liveweight gain. Daily clean wool production was significantly increased at starch levels higher than 20% and ranged from 5.3 to 7.5 g/day with 0 and 40% starch respectively. Increasing levels of starch had little effect on apparent nitrogen digestibility, but resulted in a substantial increase in nitrogen retention through a reduction in urinary nitrogen excretion. Serum urea levels fell from a mean of 42 mg/100 ml during the first week to 31 mg/100 ml during subsequent periods, with no significant differences between diets. With the general exception of potassium, mineral balances were positive or close to zero throughout the experiment.

scholarly journals Dietary canitine maintains energy reserves and delays fatigue of exercised african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed high fat diets

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ozório ◽  
Vincent Van Ginneken ◽  
Guido van den Thillart ◽  
Martin Verstegen ◽  
Johan Verreth
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Level ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
The Body ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Lipids, together with proteins, are traditionally considered as primary fuels during aerobic swimming. The effects of dietary fat and carnitine supplements and exercise on the energy metabolism of juvenile fish were investigated. One hundred African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were fed four isonitrogenous diets containing a fat level of 100 or 190 g kg-1 diet and one of the two levels of carnitine (15 and 1000 mg kg-1). Fish grew from 61 to 162 g in 10 wk. Thereafter, 6 fish per group swam vigorously for 3 h and the results were compared with unexercised groups. Fish receiving 1,000 mg carnitine accumulated 2- to 3-fold more carnitine than fish receiving 15 mg carnitine. Plasma acyl-carnitine level was affected by an interaction between dietary treatment and exercise (P < 0.05). Adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine concentrations were higher in the white muscle (WM) of exercised fish fed the high-carnitine supplements, compared with the low-carnitine fed fish (P < 0.05). Adenilate energy charge indexes were higher and ammonia concentrations were lower in WM of fish fed high-carnitine and high-fat diets. Dietary carnitine supplements may be needed in growing fish when dietary lipid level is high. In that case extra dietary carnitine can maintain the body energy reserves at adequate level when fish is exposed to a short-term, exhaustive exercise, a physiologic stress common both in nature and in intensive aquaculture systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document