Body oxygen consumption and pulmonary ventilation in obese subjects

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. White ◽  
James K. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Postabsorptive body oxygen consumption (Vo2) and pulmonary minute ventilation (Ve) were measured 164 times in 109 very obese subjects at rest. A statistically significant relationship was found between Vo2 and total body weight. The correlation coefficients for the relationships between Ve and total body weight and Ve and body surface area were less significant. The mean calculated basal metabolic rate was within normal limits. The mean values for Vo2 in the obese subjects were considerably higher than those predicted at ideal weight, while the mean values for oxygen consumption per kilogram body weight were lower than those reported in normal subjects. The mean percentage increase in oxygen consumption per kilogram excess weight (ΔVo2/Δ kg) approached the value for percentage of cell mass in excess weight, suggesting that ΔVo2/Δ kg may be a function of the increment in cell mass with obesity. Similarly, since basal metabolic rate remained unchanged, proportionate increments in body surface area and cell mass appeared to occur with the development of obesity. obesity tissue, oxygen consumption Submitted on April 3, 1964

scholarly journals Fecundity and Ovarian Characteristics of Puntius gonionotus (Bloch/Bleeker) (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes)

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam Bhuiyan ◽  
Khairul Islam ◽  
Tanjeena Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Group ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
The Relationship

The exotic barb Puntius gonionotus was introduced into Bangladesh in 1987. Its faster growth rate, nice taste and compatibility with our culturable species have made it very popular food fish in Bangladesh. With a view to providing some basic information towards development of sustainable seed production of the species, a study was undertaken to determine the fecundity and ovary characteristics of the fish. The mean fecundity of 55 gravid females (of 11 length group) of Puntius gonionotus was obtained as 14321 with a range of 2254.67 to 6964.73 from fishes having a mean total length and mean body weight of 200.13±20.58 mm and 196±34.379 g respectively. The relationship between the fecundity (F) and total length (TL), total body weight (TW), ovary length (OL) and ovary weight (OW) were established. Regression analysis was made and the co-efficient of correlation (r) was calculated for each of the following F-TL, F-TW, F-OL and F-OW and the values of r were obtained to be 0.84, 0.84, 0.95 and 0.96 respectively. In all the cases linear relationships obtained were highly significant. Key words: Fecundity, Puntius gonionotus, ovarian characteristics. J. bio-sci. 14: 99-102, 2006

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic modelling of valproate in epileptic patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
Mihajlo Jakovljevic ◽  
Slobodan Jankovic ◽  
Natalija Todorovic ◽  
Jasmina Milovanovic ◽  
Snezana Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Model ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Total Daily Dose ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Total Body

Introduction. The aim of our study was to develop and use a population pharmacokinetic model for assessment of individual valproate clearance in children and young adults suffering from epilepsy. Material and methods. The analysis was performed using 52 steady-state concentrations of valproate collected from 26 epileptic patients during the routine clinical practice in our hospital. The mean values of age and total body weight were 19.92 years and 57.12 kg, respectively. NONMEM software with ADVAN 1 subroutine was used for model building and assessing the influence of different covariates. A validation set of 20 epileptic patients (one blood sample per a patient) was used to estimate predicted performances of the pharmacokinetic model. Results. The typical mean value of the clearance of valproate estimated by the base model in our population was 0.377 l/h. Out of five considered covariates (total body weight, age, total daily dose, gender and polytherapy) only the age of the patients was a significant determinant of the clearance of valproate. The final regression model for the clearance of valproate was as following: CL (l/h) = 0.223 + 0.00819

Effect of an Acute High Carbohydrate Diet on Body Composition Using DXA in Young Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-Antoine Rouillier ◽  
Sarah David-Riel ◽  
Anne-Sophie Brazeau ◽  
David H. St-Pierre ◽  
Antony D. Karelis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a 3-day high-carbohydrate diet (≥75% of total calories) on body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods: Twenty non-obese young men (age 22.7 ± 2.6 years, BMI 23.5 ± 2.1 kg/m2) completed the study. Two DXA tests were performed for the measurement of total body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage as well as total, appendicular and central lean body mass (LBM) before and after a high-carbohydrate diet for 3 days. In addition, the participants completed a food diary during the 3-day high-carbohydrate diet to determine the mean percentage of carbohydrates consumed from total kilocalories. Results: The mean percentage of carbohydrate intake over 3 days was 83.7 ± 8.4%. Our results showed a significant increase in total body weight, BMI as well as total and appendicular LBM after the high-carbohydrate diet (p < 0.01). In addition, we observed a strong tendency for lower body fat percentage values after the intervention (p = 0.05). No significant difference was observed for central LBM. Conclusions: These results indicate that the effect of an acute high carbohydrate diet seems to affect body composition values using DXA, such as total LBM. This study may lead to the need of standardizing a diet prior to using DXA.

scholarly journals On the Fecundity and Sex-ratio of Labeo bata (Hamilton) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
MAR Joadder
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Labeo Bata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
The Relationship

The fecundity and sex- ratio of 2200 Labeo bata (Hamilton) specimens were studied. The fecundity of 234 gravid females varied from 51,354( for a fish with total length of 127.3 mm and total body weight of 20.0 g) to 91,568( for a fish with total length of 256.6 mm and total body weight of 156.70g).The mean fecundity was recorded as 67,617.50±13,510.15 for the average length and weight of 192.98±41.06 mm and 87.79±49.07 g, respectively .The mean total length and weight of gonad was 67.62± 24.01 mm and 20.35±13.50 g, respectively .The relationship between fecundity ( F.) and other parameters such as total length ( TL ), Standard length ( SL),  total weight( TW),  gonadal length (GL),  gonadal weight (GW) and gonadal depth (GD) were studied. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v11i2.21595 Journal of Science Foundation, 2013;11(2):43-48

Oxygen Consumption of Prepupae of Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen, in Relation to the Surface Area of the Puparium

1945 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
C. ELLENBY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

1. A method is described by means of which the surface area of puparia of Drosophila melanogaster may be measured. 2. Measurement of almost 200 puparia showed that the relationship between surface area, per mg., and body weight could best be expressed in the form of the equation S=7.7049-2.1099X, where S=surface area, sq. mm. per mg. wet weight, for prepupae of mean wet weight X mg. As the standard error of estimate, ±0.117, is equal to only 2.2% of the mean surface area per mg., the surface area can be accurately estimated from the wet weight. 3. The prepupal oxygen consumption, per mg. wet weight, is shown to decrease steadily with increasing body weight; with an increase in mean wet weight from 0.847 to 1.700 mg., the oxygen consumption, per mg., decreases by about 50%. 4. Utilizing the above regression equation, the surface area of prepupae of known oxygen consumption was estimated and thus the oxygen consumption per sq. mm. of body surface. These values show no significant variation with increasing body weight, so that it can be concluded that the oxygen consumption of prepupae of D. melanogaster is proportional to the surface area.

Gross and Morphormetry of the Stomach of the Wild Gray Guinea Savannah Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wanmi Nathaniel ◽  
Nzalak James Oliver ◽  
Esther Kigir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Food Storing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Glandular Portion ◽  
Apparently Healthy

<p class="jbls"><span lang="EN-GB">Apparently healthy wild gray guinea savannah squirrel, totaling fourteen (14) in number were used for this study. After being captured from the wild, they were kept for two weeks before they were sacrificed. Weight and length of the whole animal, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and stomach were taken and recorded in gram (g) and centimeter (cm). The mean weight of live animal was 380.04 ± 46.00 g with the GIT counting for 9.97 % of the total body weight. The mean weight and length of the stomach were 1.59 ± 0.36 g and 4.00 ± 0.61 cm, accounting for 0.42 % and 2.94 % respectively. Externally, the stomach was gray-whitish in fresh sample, bean-shaped, covered almost entirely by deep pink like coloured liver ventrally. The interior surface is grayish with non glandular portion around the cardiac area and longitudinally folded glandular portion. Areas of sphincters were recognized as pyloric, toward the intestinal point of attachment to the stomach and cardiac sphincter toward the point of attachment of the esophagus. More folding was noticed toward the pyloric region indicative of food storing and distension capability of the stomach.</span></p>

Gentamicin Pharmacokinetics in Postpartum Women with Endomyometritis

DICP ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1306-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrna Y. Munar ◽  
Lisa A. Lawson ◽  
Philip Samuels ◽  
Gene A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in postpartum women with endomyometritis were characterized and models for predicting patient pharmacokinetic parameters were developed using multiple regression analysis. Fifty-one women 13–34 years of age received gentamicin in combination with either ampicillin or clindamycin to treat endomyometritis. Forty-three women delivered by cesarean section and 8 women had vaginal deliveries. Gentamicin serum concentrations were determined at steady-state to compute the elimination rate constant (Ke), half-life (t1/2), apparent volume of distribution (Vd), and total body clearance (Cl). Gentamicin dosages were individualized using a one-compartment intermittent infusion model to achieve steady-state peak and trough concentrations of 6.5 and <2 μg/mL, respectively. The mean gentamicin t1/2 was 2.8 ± 0.9 h; the mean apparent Vd was 21 ± 8 L; and the mean total body Cl was 89.5 ± 31.7 mL/min. Multiple regression analysis revealed that total body weight (TBW) was the best predictor for the apparent Vd, described by the equation Vd = 0.146 TBW + 8.153 (r=0.56, p=0.00005). Total body weight and creatinine clearance (Clcr) were included as predictors for total body Cl, described by the equation Cl = 0.264 TBW + 0.337 Clcr + 3.416 (r=0.68, p=0.00005). Age and serum creatinine (SCr) were included in the models for the Ke, described by the equation Ke = −3.770 · 10−3 age — 0.115 SCr + 0.449 (r=0.42, p<0.004). Additional patient factors need to be identified to explain the variance in these pharmacokinetic parameters.

scholarly journals Piecing together human adult comparative pharmacokinetic trials and rodent studies: What happens to drug clearance in obesity?

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 41-68
Author(s):  
Dion Brocks ◽  
Hamdah Al Nebaihi ◽  
Shamima Parvin ◽  
Amel Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Drug Clearance ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Comparative Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Total Body

In many comparative trials examining the effects of adult obesity on pharmacokinetics of drugs, conclusions were made based on values that were either not adjusted to total body weight or adjusted to non-obese body mass (e.g., ideal or lean body weight). In many cases these values were higher in the obese subjects. We have reviewed the data from comparative human trials, and it is apparent that in examining clearance normalization to total body weight (as typically done in studies involving pediatric obese patients), the clearances are often reduced in the obese. We have also reviewed the results of experimental obese versus non-obese rodent models. Those studies have mostly found that the systemic exposures to the same dose per body weight are increased, with obesity-related decreases in clearance. Furthermore, the expression of a number of important drug metabolizing enzymes are reduced in the experimental obese state. There is also evidence that obesity causes increases in the measured mass of eliminating organs such as liver and kidney. Human clearance normalized to total body weight appears to better reflect the underlying changes reported in the expression of protein and functional activity of drug clearance mechanisms.  

scholarly journals Effect of the Dietary Inclusion of Full Fat Canola Seed on Performance of Quails

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Eratak ◽  
Metin Cabuk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of full fat canola seed low in glucosinolate and erucic acid on the performance of 336 day old quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The experiment was performed in a completely randomize design with three treatment and four replicates for each treatment. The experimental treatment included 5 and 10 % full fat canola seed in diet and fed to quail from 1 to 42 days of age. All of the experimental diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. The mean total body weight was not significantly influenced by canola seed inclusion levels. But feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly increased by supplementation of 10 % full fat canola seed to the diet. Percentage of liver, proventriculus, gizzard, carcass to body weight was not significantly affected by canola seed inclusion levels. But small intestine rate was significantly increased by supplementation of 10 % full fat canola seed to the diet. As a result, it is possible to say that the full fat canola seed low in glicosinolate and erucic acid content could be used up to 10 % level in quails’ diet.

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