Gentamicin Pharmacokinetics in Postpartum Women with Endomyometritis

DICP ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1306-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrna Y. Munar ◽  
Lisa A. Lawson ◽  
Philip Samuels ◽  
Gene A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in postpartum women with endomyometritis were characterized and models for predicting patient pharmacokinetic parameters were developed using multiple regression analysis. Fifty-one women 13–34 years of age received gentamicin in combination with either ampicillin or clindamycin to treat endomyometritis. Forty-three women delivered by cesarean section and 8 women had vaginal deliveries. Gentamicin serum concentrations were determined at steady-state to compute the elimination rate constant (Ke), half-life (t1/2), apparent volume of distribution (Vd), and total body clearance (Cl). Gentamicin dosages were individualized using a one-compartment intermittent infusion model to achieve steady-state peak and trough concentrations of 6.5 and <2 μg/mL, respectively. The mean gentamicin t1/2 was 2.8 ± 0.9 h; the mean apparent Vd was 21 ± 8 L; and the mean total body Cl was 89.5 ± 31.7 mL/min. Multiple regression analysis revealed that total body weight (TBW) was the best predictor for the apparent Vd, described by the equation Vd = 0.146 TBW + 8.153 (r=0.56, p=0.00005). Total body weight and creatinine clearance (Clcr) were included as predictors for total body Cl, described by the equation Cl = 0.264 TBW + 0.337 Clcr + 3.416 (r=0.68, p=0.00005). Age and serum creatinine (SCr) were included in the models for the Ke, described by the equation Ke = −3.770 · 10−3 age — 0.115 SCr + 0.449 (r=0.42, p<0.004). Additional patient factors need to be identified to explain the variance in these pharmacokinetic parameters.

scholarly journals Proposing an Endotracheal Tube Selection Tool Based on Multivariate Analysis of Airway Imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556131990039
Author(s):  
Yousef Aljathlany ◽  
Abdullah Aljasser ◽  
Abdullah Alhelali ◽  
Manal Bukhari ◽  
Mohammed Almohizea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: We aimed to comprehensively investigate different upper airway segments in adults, determine the predictors of the size of each segment, and identify an appropriate endotracheal tube (ETT) size chart. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: The data for patients aged >18 years who underwent neck computed tomography were screened. Patients with existing tumors, trauma, or any pathology that can alter the normal airway anatomy and those with intubation, tracheostomy, or nasogastric tubes were excluded. Computed tomography software was used to measure the anteroposterior diameter (APD), transverse diameter (TD), and cross-sectional area (CSA) at the glottic, proximal subglottic, distal subglottic, and tracheal levels. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of the airway size. Results: One hundred patients were reviewed. The TD was consistently smaller than or equal to the APD at each level in all but 3 patients. The mean CSA and TD (170 mm2 and 11.3 mm, respectively) of the glottis indicated that the glottis was most often the narrowest level, followed by the proximal subglottis where the mean CSA and TD were 192.1 mm2 and 12.7 mm, respectively. Moreover, the mean APD was the smallest at the level of the trachea (20.1 mm). Multiple regression analysis confirmed that height and sex were the predominant predictors of measurements for the 4 airway segments. In addition, age was associated with the TD and CSA of the distal subglottic and tracheal segments, respectively. Conclusion: One-third of our participants exhibited a proximal subglottic diameter that was equal to or smaller than the glottic diameter. Our findings also suggested that the height and sex of the patients are important variables for the selection of an appropriate ETT size.

Vancomycin volume of distribution estimation in adults with class III obesity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D Dunn ◽  
Ryan L Crass ◽  
Joseph Hong ◽  
Manjunath P Pai ◽  
Lynne C Krop
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Obesity ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Purpose To compare methods of estimating vancomycin volume of distribution (V) in adults with class III obesity. Methods A retrospective, multicenter pharmacokinetic analysis of adults treated with vancomycin and monitored through measurement of peak and trough concentrations was performed. Individual pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were obtained via maximum a posteriori Bayesian analysis. The relationship between V and body weight was assessed using linear regression. Mean bias and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were calculated to assess the precision of multiple methods of estimating V. Results Of 241 patients included in the study sample, 159 (66.0%) had a BMI of 40.0–49.9 kg/m2, and 82 (34.0%) had a BMI of ≥50.0 kg/m2. The median (5th, 95th percentile) weight of patients was 136 (103, 204) kg, and baseline characteristics were similar between BMI groups. The mean ± S.D. V was lower in patients with a BMI of 40.0–49.9 kg/m2 than in those with a BMI of ≥50.0 kg/m2 (72.4 ± 19.6 L versus 79.3 ± 20.6 L, p = 0.009); however, body size poorly predicted V in regression analyses (R2 < 0.20). A fixed estimate of V (75 L) or use of 0.52 L/kg by total body weight yielded similar bias and error in this population. Conclusion Results of the largest analysis of vancomycin V in class III obesity to date indicated that use of a fixed V value (75 L) and use of a TBW-based estimate (0.52 L/kg) for estimation of vancomycin V in patients with a BMI of ≥40.0 kg/m2 have similar bias. Two postdistribution vancomycin concentrations are needed to accurately determine patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters, estimate AUC, and improve the precision of vancomycin dosing in this patient population.

Application of multiple regression analysis to morphometric characters obtained from Serranus cabrilla (linnaeus, 1758) by using stepwise method

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Sangün ◽  
O. Ýnanç Güney
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Stepwise Method

In fisheries science, high number of morphometric measures (independent variables) taken from different parts of the fish complicates the estimation of the body weight (dependent variable). Therefore, the researchers are seeking for a solution facilitating the interpretation of the equations of correlation between the characteristics. One way to deal with this challenge is the dimension reduction by means of stepwise multiple regression analysis. The aim of this study is to explain total variation with the same accuracy by using fewer independent variables. To accomplish this, 12 morphometric measures from 210 individuals of Serranus cabrilla were measured to estimate the body weight. Firstly, the 95% of the variation was explained by means of multiple regression analysis by using all variables. Then, by step-wise method, the same results were achieved with fewer independent variables. Finally, the variables with inter-multicollinearity eliminated and with two remaining independent variables determination coefficients resulted as 95%. The result showed that using more variables does not create significant distinction for accuracy to estimate the body weight although; the total length and body dept was the most effective features for weight.

Multiple regression analysis of factors influencing dominant hand grip strength in an adult Malaysian population

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Hossain ◽  
R. Zyroul ◽  
B. P. Pereira ◽  
T. Kamarul
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
The Mean

Grip strength is an important measure used to monitor the progression of a condition, and to evaluate outcomes of treatment. We assessed how various physical and social factors predict normal grip strength in an adult Malaysian population of mixed Asian ethnicity (254 men, 246 women). Grip strength was recorded using the Jamar dynamometer. The mean grip strength for the dominant hand was 29.8 kg for men and 17.6 kg for women. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the dominant hand grip strength was positively associated with height and body mass index, and negatively associated with age for both sexes. Dominant hand grip strength was related to work status for men ( p < 0.05) but not for women. However, there was no difference in grip strength among ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Explanatory histological findings for urinary protein and serum creatinine levels at renal biopsy in lupus nephritis: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Katsuyama ◽  
Yoshia Miyawaki ◽  
Ken-ei Sada ◽  
Yosuke Asano ◽  
Keigo Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Fibrinoid Necrosis ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background To evaluate histological active and chronic lesions associated with proteinuria and serum creatinine (SCr) level as common clinical endpoints in many clinical trials for lupus nephritis (LN). Methods One hundred and nineteen patients from 1990 to 2015 with LN class III, IV, and V, as defined by the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification, were enrolled. Multiple regression analysis was performed to explore semiquantitative histological variables related to urinary protein and SCr levels. Results The mean age of enrolled patients was 45 years and 79% were female. The mean SCr level was 0.87 mg/dl and mean urinary protein was 3.00 g/gCr at the time of the renal biopsy. Class IV (71%) was the most common type, followed by class III (17%) and class V (13%). Multicollinearity was confirmed between monocellular infiltration (variance inflation factor [VIF] = 10.22) and interstitial fibrosis (VIF = 10.29) and between karyorrhexis (VIF = 4.14) and fibrinoid necrosis (VIF = 4.29). After excluding fibrinoid necrosis and monocellular infiltration because of multicollinearity, only urinary protein level was correlated with wire loop (β−coefficient [β]: 1.09 and confidence interval [CI]: 0.35 to 1.83), and SCr level was correlated with glomerular sclerosis (β: 1.08 and CI: 0.43 to 1.74) by multiple regression analysis. Conclusion As urinary protein and SCr levels could not reflect active lesions quantitatively, they might be difficult to be evaluated for response to induction remission treatments in patients with LN.

scholarly journals Subjective well-being and month-long LF/HF ratio among deskworkers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257062
Author(s):  
Kiko Shiga ◽  
Keisuke Izumi ◽  
Kazumichi Minato ◽  
Tatsuki Sugio ◽  
Michitaka Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Pulse Waves ◽  
The Mean

The importance of workers’ well-being has been recognized in recent years. The assessment of well-being has been subjective, and few studies have sought potential biomarkers of well-being to date. This study examined the relationship between well-being and the LF/HF ratio, an index of heart rate variability that reflects sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity. Pulse waves were measured using photoplethysmography through a web camera attached to the computer used by each participant. The participants were asked to measure their pulse waves while working for 4 weeks, and well-being was assessed using self-reported measures such as the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Flourishing Scale (FS). Each of the well-being scores were split into two groups according to the median value, and the LF/HF ratio during work, as well as the number of times an LF/HF ratio threshold was either exceeded or subceeded, were compared between the high and low SWLS, positive emotion, negative emotion, and FS groups. Furthermore, to examine the effects of the LF/HF ratio and demographic characteristics on well-being, a multiple regression analysis was conducted. Data were obtained from 169 participants. The results showed that the low FS group had a higher mean LF/HF ratio during work than the high FS group. No significant differences were seen between the high and low SWLS groups, the high and low positive emotion groups, or the high and low negative emotion groups. The multiple regression analysis showed that the mean LF/HF ratio during work affected the FS and SWLS scores, and the number of times the mean LF/HF ratio exceeded +3 SD had an effect on the positive emotion. No effect of the LF/HF ratio on negative emotions was shown. The LF/HF ratio might be applicable as an objective measure of well-being.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Study of Modafinil in Relation to Gender and Ethnicity in Healthy Young Chinese Volunteers

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Guo ◽  
Longshan Zhao ◽  
Dong-Ya Xia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Purpose. The pharmacokinetics of modafinil were investigated in relation to gender and ethnicity in healthy young volunteers from Han, Mongolian, Korean, Uygur and Hui ( n = 10/group) following administration of a single 200 mg oral dose. Methods. Blood samples were collected over 48 h for the determination of plasma levels of modafinil and its acid metabolite by High performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using noncompartmental methods. Results. Modafinil was well tolerated and safe at a single oral dose of 200 mg. All participants reported adverse events, none of which was serious or unexpected. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve for modafinil concentration versus time, which was extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-∞), were higher in women compared to men (p < 0.01). No gender-based difference was noted in the total body weight-normalized modafinil oral clearance. The total body weight-normalized modafinil apparent volume of distribution and the t1/2 was found to exhibit an ethnicity-based significant difference. Conclusion. The results of the current study suggest that there might be pharmacokinetic differences related to gender and ethnicity in the pharmacokinetics of modafinil.

Adrenal function of extremely premature infants in the first 5 days after birth

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sze M. Ng ◽  
Akinsola Ogundiya ◽  
Mohammed Didi ◽  
Mark A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background There is limited data on adrenal function in the early days after birth in extremely premature infants. The relationship between plasma adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) and cortisol hormone is central to the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis yet there are no studies examining this relationship in prematurity. Methods The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between early morning plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations during the first 5 days after birth in infants born at less than 28 weeks’ gestation and to identify any independent factors that determine plasma cortisol levels in these infants during extreme prematurity. We prospectively studied early morning plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations in infants born below 28 weeks’ gestation during the first 5 days of birth. Plasma cortisol was measured without extraction, using DPC Immulite® 2000 using a solid phase 2 site chemiluminescent immunometric assay. ACTH was measured using a radioimmunoassay. Spearman’s correlation was used to examine the relationship between cortisol and ACTH. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between plasma cortisol and clinical risk index for babies (CRIB) score, antenatal dexamethasone, mode of delivery and gestation. Results There were 95 infants (53 males) of mean gestation 25.3 ± 1.3 standard deviation (SD) (range 23–27 + 6) weeks. The mean birth weight was 809 ± 17.0 g. The mean plasma cortisol was 400.5 ± 42.6 nmol/L and the mean plasma ACTH was 4.5 ± 0.9 pmol/L. Early morning plasma cortisol correlated significantly with gestation (R = 0.4, p = 0.005). Early morning plasma ACTH did not correlate with early morning plasma cortisol (R = −0.12, p = 0.7). Multiple regression analysis showed that gestation was the only independent determinant of early morning plasma cortisol concentration (beta coefficient = −0.4, p = 0.04). Conclusions The relationship between early morning plasma ACTH and plasma cortisol is either not established or is impaired in infants of less than 28 weeks’ gestation in the first 5 days after birth. The plasma cortisol level is mainly determined by gestation and is not directly related to illness severity, antenatal steroids or plasma ACTH in these infants in the first 5 days after birth.

Acceptance towards Goods and Services Tax (GST) among local business communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Shahariah Asmuni ◽  
Sabariah Yusoff ◽  
Nur Syuhadah Mohd Ses
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Business People ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been introduced in Malaysia to replace the Sales and Services Tax (SST) to improve the efficiency of indirect tax collection. However, its implementation has not been fully understood by business people.  This research aims to examine the key factors that have contributed to the level of acceptance towards GST among business communities in a local city, Johor Bharu. In this study, three variables were selected namely awareness, understanding and attitude. Using questionnaire as a research instrument, 100 sets of questionnaires were distributed. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationship among awareness, understanding and attitude with the level of acceptance among business communities towards GST. The results revealed that the mean score for all independent variables is moderate. Awareness and attitude were found to have significant impact on the level of acceptance among business community towards GST, while understanding is not significant. The business community in Johor Bahru shows a moderate or positive level of acceptance and attitude towards GST.

scholarly journals Effect of Gender, Age, and Ocular and Growth-Related Factors on Corneal Epithelial and Stromal Thickness in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3849
Author(s):  
Wook Kyum Kim ◽  
Ik Hee Ryu ◽  
Jeongseo Yoo ◽  
Sun Woong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Corneal Refractive Power

Data on corneal epithelial and stromal thickness in school-aged children in relation to gender, age, and ocular and growth parameters are limited. In this retrospective study, we analyzed corneal epithelial and stromal thickness measured with the RTVue system (Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) in 122 male and 201 female Korean children (mean age 9.59 ± 2.18 years) with myopia. We used simple and multiple regression analysis to establish the relationships between gender, age, refractive status, axial length, anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal refractive power, white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), height, and body weight. Age, body weight, height, and central corneal thickness were positively associated with corneal epithelial thickness, whereas WTW was negatively associated. The multiple regression analysis showed corneal epithelial thickness was affected by sex, body weight, WTW, and central corneal thickness (CCT), while stromal thickness was influenced by age, sex, and WTW. Both corneal epithelial and stromal thickness were significantly greater in male than in female children and were affected by growth. Neither corneal epithelial nor stromal thickness were associated with the severity of myopia, corneal refractive power, or axial length.

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