Effect of an Acute High Carbohydrate Diet on Body Composition Using DXA in Young Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-Antoine Rouillier ◽  
Sarah David-Riel ◽  
Anne-Sophie Brazeau ◽  
David H. St-Pierre ◽  
Antony D. Karelis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a 3-day high-carbohydrate diet (≥75% of total calories) on body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods: Twenty non-obese young men (age 22.7 ± 2.6 years, BMI 23.5 ± 2.1 kg/m2) completed the study. Two DXA tests were performed for the measurement of total body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage as well as total, appendicular and central lean body mass (LBM) before and after a high-carbohydrate diet for 3 days. In addition, the participants completed a food diary during the 3-day high-carbohydrate diet to determine the mean percentage of carbohydrates consumed from total kilocalories. Results: The mean percentage of carbohydrate intake over 3 days was 83.7 ± 8.4%. Our results showed a significant increase in total body weight, BMI as well as total and appendicular LBM after the high-carbohydrate diet (p < 0.01). In addition, we observed a strong tendency for lower body fat percentage values after the intervention (p = 0.05). No significant difference was observed for central LBM. Conclusions: These results indicate that the effect of an acute high carbohydrate diet seems to affect body composition values using DXA, such as total LBM. This study may lead to the need of standardizing a diet prior to using DXA.

scholarly journals Effects of an Ad Libitum Low-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Diet on Body Weight, Body Composition, and Fat Distribution in Older Men and Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Hays ◽  
Raymond D. Starling ◽  
Xiaolan Liu ◽  
Dennis H. Sullivan ◽  
Todd A. Trappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Older Men ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Older Men And Women

scholarly journals Associations between choline intake, body composition, lipid profile, and liver status in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Młodzik-Czyżewska ◽  
Anna Malinowska ◽  
Agata Chmurzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Choline Intake

AbstractCholine is an essential nutrient involved in several processes, including the export of lipids from the liver. Recent studies have underlined that low choline intake may be linked to greater body weight and liver dysfunction. The aim of this study was thus to determine whether choline intake is associated with body weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition, lipid profile, or liver steatosis indices.407 healthy subjects aged 20–40 were enrolled in Poznań, Poland from 2016 to 2018. Food intake was assessed using three-day food records. Choline intake was analyzed using the USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods, which summarizes the levels of choline found in a range of food items. Weight to 0.1 kg and height to 0.01 m were measured using an electronic scale and a stadiometer, respectively. BMI was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Fat mass and lean body mass were determined using whole-body air-displacement plethysmography. Waist and hip circumferences were measured to 0.5 cm using nonelastic tape. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in serum were determined using a biochemical analyzer. The following biomarkers of liver steatosis were calculated: NAFLD liver fat score (NAFLD-LFS), fatty liver index (FLI), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI). To analyze associations between choline intake and these parameters, we used multiple regression with adjustments for age, sex, and energy intake.The mean BMI was 25.9 ± 5.28 kg/m2, the mean body weight was 78.39 ± 18.03 kg, the mean body fat percentage was 29.1 ± 10.79%, and the mean choline intake was 447.93 ± 235 mg/day. Choline intake was negatively associated with body weight, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and FLI index (p < 0.05 for all associations) and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). There were no associations between choline intake and BMI, hip circumference, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and the following fatty liver indexes: HSI and NAFLD-LFS.Our study suggests that higher choline intake is associated with favorable body composition and may have a protective role on liver status. However, additional studies are needed to understand the effect of choline on these parameters.The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (grants 2014/15/B/NZ9/02134 and 2016/21/N/NZ9/01195).

scholarly journals The effect of acute dehydration on agility, quickness and balance performance in elite wrestlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Sevilay Kaplan ◽  
Ali O. Kivrak
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Background and Study Aim.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute dehydration on agility, quickness and balance performance in elite wrestlers. Material and Methods. A total of 12 male elite wrestlers, who were student at Selçuk University Faculty of Sport Sciences, whose mean age was 21.58±1.44 years, the mean height of 176.67±5.87 cm, mean body weight of 74.25±17.79 kg, and the mean age of sports 8.92±1,44 years have participated the study voluntarily. After taking the height measurement of the wrestlers participating in the study, their masses were weighted before the training; and body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and total body fluid were taken with Tanita Bc 730 and agility, quickness (5 m) and balance performance tests were performed. Then, by limiting the fluid intake of the athletes, after losing weight by training, the same tests that were applied before the training applied to the athletes after the training. The study was conducted in accordance with the pre-test and post-test model. T test was used for agility performance measurement of the athletes and 5 m test was used for quickness performance. Dominant foot was determined for balance test and measurement was made via Biodex Balance System. Balance measurements were performed eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC), overall stability index (OSI). Results.  In this study, body weight, body mass index, total body fluid, agility, quickness and balance with eyes open mean values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), and muscle mass, body fat percentage, balance with eyes closed found not to be statistically significant (p> 0.05). Conclusions. It is believed that acute dehydration negatively affects agility, quickness and balance performances in wrestlers. 

INFLUENCE OF DIET COMPOSITION AND CALORIC INTAKE ON BODY WEIGHT OF WARM- AND COLD-ACCLIMATED RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2225-2235
Author(s):  
A. DesMarais ◽  
P. A. Lachance
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Total Body

The well known reduction in growth rate of cold-acclimated rats has been shown to depend on a decreased gain in total body fat, without change in the gain in lean body weight. This has been observed in rats fed Lab Chow or a high-fat diet ad libitum. In those groups fed a high-carbohydrate diet ad libitum or calorie-restricted high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets, exposure to cold had no effect on the gain in neither total body weight nor lean body weight, which were already reduced by the diet; in those animals, the significant decrease in the gain in total body fat upon exposure to cold was compensated by a slight but unsignificant increase in the gain in lean body weight, so that differences in gain in total body weight were not significant.

scholarly journals Associations between folate intake, body composition, and liver status in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Młodzik-Czyżewska ◽  
Anna Malinowska ◽  
Agata Chmurzynska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

AbstractA link has recently been underlined between one-carbon metabolism and body weight and body composition, suggesting that folate may account for body mass determination and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was thus to analyze whether folate intake is associated with body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and liver status.409 subjects aged 20–40 were enrolled in Poznań, Poland from 2016 to 2018. Food intake was assessed using three-day food records. Folate intake was calculated based on food composition tables using the Diet 5.0 program (National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland). Weight to 0.1 kg and height to 0.01 m were measured using an electronic scale and a stadiometer, respectively. BMI was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Fat mass and lean body mass were determined using whole-body air-displacement plethysmography (BodPod, Cosmed, Italy). Genotyping of rs1801133 (MTHFR) was performed with TaqMan probes. The following biomarkers of liver steatosis were calculated: NAFLD liver fat score (NAFLD-LFS), fatty liver index (FLI), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI). To analyze the associations between folate intake and the measured parameters, we used multiple regression with adjustments for age, sex, and energy intake.The mean body weight was 78.57 ± 18.14 kg, BMI 25.96 ± 5.28 kg/m2, and fat percentage 29.20% ± 10.78%. The median folate intake was 299.3 μg/day. Dietary folate intake was negatively associated with body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage (p < 0.05 for all associations). Folate intake was also associated with fatty liver indices—namely HSI (p < 0.05) and FLI (p < 0.05). There was no association between folate intake and NAFLD-LFS. MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism was not associated with any of the measured parameters.Our findings suggest that folate intake may affect body weight and composition, as well as liver status. Higher folate intake could have a protective effect against obesity, but further studies are necessary to investigate the mechanism.The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre(grants 2014/15/B/NZ9/02134 and 2016/21/N/NZ9/01195).

Effects of Fed- Versus Fasted-State Aerobic Training During Ramadan on Body Composition and Some Metabolic Parameters in Physically Active Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Trabelsi ◽  
Kais el Abed ◽  
Stephen R. Stannard ◽  
Kamel Jammoussi ◽  
Khaled M. Zeghal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Fasted State

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic training in a fasted versus a fed state during Ramadan on body composition and metabolic parameters in physically active men. Nineteen men were allocated to 2 groups: 10 practicing aerobic training in a fasted state (FAST) and 9 training in an acutely fed state (FED) during Ramadan. All subjects visited the laboratory for a total of 4 sessions on the following occasions: 3 days before Ramadan (Bef-R), the 15th day of Ramadan; the 29th day of Ramadan (End-R), and 21 days after Ramadan. During each session, subjects underwent anthropometric measurement, completed a dietary questionnaire, and provided fasting blood and urine samples. Body weight decreased in FAST and FED by 1.9% (p < .001) and 2.6% (p = .046), respectively. Body fat percentage decreased only in FAST by 6.2% (p = .016). FAST experienced an increase in the following parameters from Bef-R to End-R: urine specific gravity (0.64%, p = .012), urea (8.7%, p < .001), creatinine (7.5%, p < .001), uric acid (12.7%, p < .001), sodium (1.9%, p = .003), chloride (2.6%, p < .001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (27.3%, p < .001). Of these parameters, only creatinine increased (5.8%, p = .004) in FED. Creatinine clearance values of FAST decreased by 8.9% (p < .001) and by 7.6% in FED (p = .01) from Bef-R to End-R. The authors conclude that aerobic training in a fasted state lowers body weight and body fat percentage. In contrast, fed aerobic training decreases only body weight. In addition, Ramadan fasting induced change in some metabolic parameters in FAST, but these changes were absent in FED.

scholarly journals A Study on Somatotype Profiles of the Players in Turkish Bocce National Team

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nebahat Eler ◽  
Serdar Eler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Muscular Force ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
National Team ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Package Program ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study is to determine the differences between the somatotype profiles and inter-disciplinary somatotype profiles of the Turkish Bocce National Team players. In this study, the mean age of the Turkish Men’s Bocce National Team (n-32) was determined as 21,75±2,35 (years), mean height was 177,62±1,03 (cm), mean body weight was 70,75±0,70 (kg), mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22,31±1,06 kg/m2, mean body fat percentage was 16,05±1%. The mean age of the Turkish Women’s Bocce National Team (n-21) was 21,76±2,12 (years), mean height was 165,33±4,24 (cm), mean body weight 55,14±6,36 (kg), mean BMI was 23,22±1,06 kg/m2 mean body fat percentage was 16,05±1%. The Heath-Carter method was used in determining the somatotype profiles of the players. the The statistical analyses in the study were made by using the SPSS 20.0 package program. Somatotype profile in men was determined endomorphic 3,21±0,33; mesomorph 5,04±1,11; ectomorphic 2,20±0,18 as mesomorphic-endomorphic; in women, endomorphic 3,33±1,42; mesomorph 5,08±0,26; ectomorphic 2,07±0,09 as mesomorphic-endomorphic. In this study, the somatotype profiles of the Turkish Bocce National Team players were determined, and a statistically significant difference was detected between the volo and petanque-raffa disciplines in men and women (p<0,05). It is believed that this difference stems from the physical performance requiring more muscular force in volo discipline than the petanque and raffa disciplines. In this study, the somatotype components are similar in tennis players in volo men group and the archers, judo players and Water polo players of the other groups (Men-women petanque and raffa group, Women volo group).

P5407Body-composition analysis of patients with acute heart failure - preliminary results from the SCALE HF trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F De Ieso ◽  
M Mutke ◽  
J Du Fay De Lavallaz ◽  
C Raichle ◽  
N Brasier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Weight Measurement ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Background Guidance for intensified diuretic therapy in acute heart failure (AHF) is mainly based on body weight measurement, frequently leading to a short episode of dehydration with kidney failure after recompensation. In addition, patients often present immobilized due to severe health issues making weight measurement stressful. Purpose Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may be a more direct approach to guide intensified diuretic therapy analysing patient's body composition. We hypothesized that patient's weight loss during therapy correlates with loss of body water measured by BIA. Therefore, we tested if this method could be an alternative to daily weight measurement. Methods We conducted an observational, single-centre study to evaluate and monitor body composition of patients hospitalised with AHF, adjudicated according to current ESC/HFA guidelines by a cardiologist. We used an eight-electrode, segmental, multi-frequency body composition analyser, previously validated against air displacement plethysmography, whole body MRI, deuterium and sodium bromide dilution. We investigated patients until hospital discharge or latest one day after ending intensified diuretic therapy. Disease specific properties, BIA and weight measurement were assessed daily. Furthermore, we investigated BIA raw data. Results 390 BIA were applied on 76 patients (47 men; 29 women; mean age 76±11 years; mean weight 75.6±15.7 kg). 34 patients presented with global, 27 with left-heart, 8 with right-heart and 7 with not specified AHF. 44 patients presented with pleural effusion. Pearson correlations showed that total body water (r=0.737, p≤0.001) and extracellular water (r=0.69, p≤0.001) correlated each with total body weight. Changes in total body water accurately (within a range of ± 1kg) reflected changes in total body weight in 40.28% of the patients and changes in extracellular water showed a similarly accurate reflection of total body weight change in 68.06% of the patients. BIA raw-data analysis showed significant changes using Wilcoxon test between measurements at the beginning of intensified diuretic therapy and at its end. We found a significant increase of resistance (mean from 334.6±67.5 to 362.8±69.5 Ohm/m; p=0.021) and reactance (mean from 21.3±7.1 to 24.1±6.2 Ohm/m; p=0.009) standardized to patients height and a non-significant increase of phase angle (mean from 3.6±0.9 to 3.8±0.8 °; p=0.149) during hospitalisation. Conclusion BIA is able to estimate changes in total body weight by analysing changes in extracellular body water in patients under intensified diuretic therapy and raw data analysis seems even more accurate and promising. This data derive from a heterogeneous AHF patient group, needing further investigation. Once validated, wearable BIA connected to an automated device monitoring system would enable an easy to use diuretic therapy monitoring for impaired patients or outpatients and could help reducing care efforts.

scholarly journals ANTIOBESITY OF FRACTIONS WATER EXTRACT OF TAMARIND (TAMARINDUS INDICA L.) IN MALE WISTAR RATS INDUCED HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Ketut Adnyana I ◽  
Ketut Adnyana I ◽  
Neng Fisheri ◽  
Neng Fisheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Decrease

Objective: The prevalence of obesity increases each year globally. Multifactorial etiology of obesity requires therapy management including changing of diet and medicines. Some of obesity drugs have shown ineffectiveness and safety. The previous study showed that water extract of tamarind could reduce body weight (bw). This study aimed to test the activity fraction of water extract tamarind as antiobesity using high carbohydrate diet.Method: The preventive research of antiobesity had done by given water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of water extract tamarind following with induced high carbohydrate diet during 6th weeks in male Wistar rats. The parameters had observed including consumption of food, body weight, weight of feces, volume of urine, total cholesterols, triglycerides, blood glucose, index of organs, and accumulation of body fat.Result: The ethyl acetate fraction at doses 4.5 mg/kg bw has shown significantly effect to decrease of total cholesterols level and decrease of triglycerides level at weeks 6 (p<0.05). All the tests of fraction have shown activity inhibition of increased body weight, decrease of appetite, total cholesterols, triglycerides, and blood glucose. Meanwhile, mechanism action of antiobesity as increase defecation, urination, and decrease index of organs and accumulation of body fat have not shown by all these test fractions.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction at doses of 4.5 mg/kg bw can inhibit raising of body weight, decrease of total cholesterols, and triglycerides level greater than the other test groups, where increasing of these levels of blood biochemistry was closely related to the pathology of obesity.

Abstract P366: A High-carbohydrate Diet Increases Serum HDL-C and Apolipoprotein A-I and Decreases Weight and BMI in the Male A Carriers of the APOA1 -75G/A Polymorphism

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yan Song ◽  
Ren Rong Gong ◽  
Min Shan Hu ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Anthropometric Indexes

Both apolipoprotein gene polymorphism and high-carbohydrate diet have been found to be associated with serum lipid levels. However, the effects of their interaction on serum lipid profiles have not been well elucidated yet. We assessed the hypothesis that the subjects with different genotypes of the -75G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein A-I gene ( APOA1 ) have different serum lipid responses upon a high-carbohydrate diet. Fifty-six healthy university students (27 males and 29 females, 22.89&#177;1.80 years) were given a washout diet of 54% carbohydrates for seven days, followed by a high-carbohydrate diet of 70% carbohydrates for six days without total energy restriction. Anthropometric indexes and serum lipids at baseline, after the washout diet, and after the high-carbohydrate diet, as well as the APOA1 -75G/A polymorphism were analyzed. The male A carriers of the APOA1 -75G/A polymorphism consistently had higher levels of apolipoprotein A-I ( p =0.008 at baseline, p =0.031 after the washout diet, and p =0.009 after the high-carbohydrate diet diet), but higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) only at baseline ( p =0.048) and after the high-carbohydrate diet ( p =0.042) than the males with the GG genotype, and experienced increases in HDL-C ( p =0.023) and apolipoprotein A-I ( p =0.012) and decreases in body weight ( p =0.017) and body mass index (BMI) ( p =0.018) after the high-carbohydrate diet when compared to those after the washout diet. In conclusion, the high-carbohydrate diet can increase the serum HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations in the males carrying the A allele of the APOA1 -75G/A polymorphism. The effects are associated with the decreases of body weight and BMI. These results may provide experimental evidences for the personalized dietary interference in the country with the largest population in the world.

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