Rapidity of compensatory lung growth following pneumonectomy in adult rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Rannels ◽  
D. M. White ◽  
C. A. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Right

The rapidity with which lung growth was initiated following pneumonectomy was investigated using rats (330 g) in which lung weight-to-body weight ratio and lung cell size had stabilized. Following removal of the left lung, right lung weight increased from 823 to 1.161 mg within 7 days. Right lung weight in sham-operated animals did not change significantly. At day 7, right lung weight-to-body weight ratio in pneumonectomized rats was equal to that of both lungs in sham-operated animals; these values remained equal through day 14. Growth of individual lobes of the right lung was generally in proportion to their initial weights. Dry-to-wet weight ratio in either lung of sham-operated or pneumonectomized animals was unchanged, as compared to unoperated controls. Total right lung RNA and protein increased significantly by day 2 and reached levels equal to those in both lungs of sham-operated animals by day 7. Synthesis of lung proteins, estimated during 120 min of perfusion in situ, was elevated 25% on day 3. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA increased somewhat on day 2 and was elevated fourfold on day 3, corresponding with the initial accumulation of total DNA within the lung. These observations suggested that increased cell size may accompany early compensatory growth following pneumonectomy, but that the major portion of the response involved cellular hyperplasia.

Diminished effect of cAMP on Ca2+ accumulation in skinned fibers of hypertrophied rat heart

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. H749-H756
Author(s):  
F. Tomita ◽  
A. L. Bassett ◽  
R. J. Myerburg ◽  
S. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hypertrophied Ventricle ◽  
Concomitant Exposure

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ uptake is reduced in the hypertrophied ventricle. To determine whether events initiated by beta-adrenergic stimulation are involved, we compared the effects of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) on SR Ca2+ uptake between normal and pressure-overloaded hypertrophied hearts using saponin-skinned rat left ventricular muscles. Left ventricular pressure overload was induced by partial ligation of the abdominal aorta for 4–6 wk before study. Age-matched normal rats served as controls. Pressure overload increased the left ventricular weight-to-body weight ratio 60.8%. The SR was loaded by exposing the muscles to 10(-6) M Ca2+ solution; SR Ca2+ release was induced by 5 or 25 mM caffeine, and the amount of Ca2+ released from the SR was estimated by the area under the caffeine-induced transient contraction. Concomitant exposure to 10(-4) M cAMP did not influence caffeine-induced Ca2+ release in either normal or hypertrophied fibers. When 10(-4) M cAMP was applied during the Ca(2+)-loading periods, the amount of Ca2+ accumulated by the SR increased in both normal and hypertrophied fibers. However, the extent of increase was significantly smaller in hypertrophied fibers than in normal fibers [10.9 +/- 1.7 and 27.4 +/- 5.3% in 1 min of Ca2+ loading (P < 0.05), 12.2 +/- 3.2 and 24.7 +/- 3.8% in 4 min of Ca2+ loading (P < 0.05), respectively]. cAMP (10(-4) M) shifted the force-pCa relationship to the right similarly in normal and hypertrophied muscles, and there was no difference in the force-pCa relationship between the two groups either with or without cAMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Compensatory lung growth: protein, DNA and RNA lung contents in undernourished trilobectomized rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Raul Lopes Ruiz Júnior ◽  
Lídia Raquel de Carvalho ◽  
Antonio José Maria Cataneo
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Compensatory Lung Growth ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Similar Content ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: To demonstrate compensatory lung growth (CLG) by lung contents of proteins, DNA, and RNA in undernourished young adult rats, submitted to pulmonary trilobectomy. METHODS: We used 137 male Wistar rats, randomly distributed into 9 groups; they were submitted to three treatments (control, thoracotomy, and trilobectomy), and sacrificed at three different times (7, 30, and 90 days). In trilobectomy we removed the right median, accessory, and caudal lobes. We studied lung proteins, DNA, and RNA contents. RESULTS: In the cranial lobe and left lung, protein content was higher in trilobectomized rats however there was insufficient CLG to make up for the loss. The increase of DNA in the cranial lobe and left lung of trilobectomized rats was sufficient to compensate for this loss, resulting in a similar content to controls. RNA content in trilobectomized rats, was higher in the cranial lobe and left lung, more efficient in the cranial lobe, but less than in the other groups. CONCLUSION: CLG occurred in trilobectomized rats, probably with cell hyperplasia and little hypertrophy, due to the large DNA compensation and small RNA compensation. This was markedly different to well-nourished animals, who had pronounced hypertrophy.

Age-bodyweight relationships to lung growth in the F344 rat as indexed by lung weight measurements

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Tillery ◽  
B. E. Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
F344 Rat ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
F344 Rats ◽  
Lung Lobes

Measurements of the total lung weights and the individual weights of the lung lobes of male F344 rats ranging in age from about 30 days to 140 days or more were made in order to determine how lung growth and the growths of the individual lung lobes relate to bodyweight over the course of maturation of this species. Additionally, in this study we also (1) compared how each lung lobe grows relative to total lung growth, (2) evaluated the ratios of lung dry weight to wet weight and (3) obtained information on the weights of the trachea and extra-hilar main-stem bronchi as the F344 rat matures. The wet weights WLT of the trachea-lung preparations and the pooled lobe weights WPL as functions of rat bodyweight WB could be readily described by the following logarithmic expressions: WLT = 0·596 ln WB - 1·923, r = 0·95; WPL = 0·464 ln WB - 1·566, r = 0·96. Expressed as percentages of the pooled lobe weights, the individual lobes remained at constant values as the animals grew with the exception of the right caudal lobe which decreased between bodyweights of 72 and 96 g; absolute wet weight measurements of the individual lobes indicated that the right cranial, right middle and right intermediate lobes actually decreased in weight between bodyweights of 300 and 385 g. The dry weights of the lobes consistently represented approximately 22% of the wet weights regardless of animal age or bodyweight, and on average the airways represented about 20% of the weights of the intact airway-lung preparations over the course of animal maturation.

Site of pulmonary edema after unilateral microembolization

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Lee ◽  
H. van der Zee ◽  
A. B. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
The Right

The effect of unilateral pulmonary microembolization on regional lung extravascular fluid accumulation was determined in dogs. Embolization was produced by injecting 100-micrometer-diam glass beads (0.25 g/kg) into the right pulmonary artery. After embolization of one lung, pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary vascular resistance increased (P less than 0.05) from base-line values of 11.7 +/- 1.3 to 17.9 +/- 1.3 Torr and of 3.4 +/- 0.5 to 5.5 +/- 0.5 Torr/(1/min). Blood flow to embolized lung measured with labeled microspheres decreased from 104.2 +/- 24.9 to 35.2 +/- 9.2 ml/min.g bloodless lung after embolization, whereas flow to the normal lung increased from 43.1 +/- 5.6 to 71.2 +/- 19.2 ml/min.g bloodless lung. Extravascular lung water-to-bloodless dry lung weight ratio (W/D) of 4.97 +/- 0.32 was greater (P less than 0.001) in the embolized lung than the value of 3.34 +/- 0.15 in nonembolized lung. In six dogs pretreated with 500 U/kg of heparin, a similar degree of duration of embolization and similar hemodynamic changes did not result in significant differences in W/D (3.88 +/- 0.18 in right lung vs. 3.02 +/- 0.53 in the left lung), and the right lung ratio was less (P less than 0.05) than the value in the heparinized dogs, suggesting that humoral mechanisms contribute to the genesis of pulmonary edema after regional embolization. Therefore, unilateral embolization leads to a greater increase in extravascular content in the embolized lung than in the nonembolized lung. Because Ppa was in the normal range after embolization, regional pulmonary edema may be due partly to the local release of factors that increase lung vascular permeability.

Observations on the anatomy of the respiratory system of the river otter, sea otter, and harp seal. I. The topography, weight, and measurements of the lungs

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Tarasoff ◽  
G. L. Kooyman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Harp Seal ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
River Otter ◽  
Thoracic Cage ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
The Right

The lungs of the river otter and sea otter are triangular in outline, with the apex directed cranially. Lungs of the harp seal are oval in outline. The lung shapes correspond closely to the shape of the thoracic cage of each species. The hilus is located more cranially in the harp seal than in the river otter and sea otter. The ratio of total lung weight/100 g body weight is 1.39 in the river otter, 3.86 in the sea otter, and 1.31 in the harp seal. In the river otter and sea otter the right lung has four lobes (compared with two in the left) and is always the larger and heavier. In the harp seal each lung has three lobes and are topographically more similar to each other, with the left lung being the larger and heavier.

scholarly journals Renin overexpression leads to increased titin-based stiffness contributing to diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive mRen2 rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. H1671-H1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Árpád Kovács ◽  
Gábor Á. Fülöp ◽  
Andrea Kovács ◽  
Tamás Csípő ◽  
Beáta Bódi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Sd Rats

Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for heart failure. We investigated the influence of HTN on cardiac contraction and relaxation in transgenic renin overexpressing rats (carrying mouse Ren-2 renin gene, mRen2, n = 6). Blood pressure (BP) was measured. Cardiac contractility was characterized by echocardiography, cellular force measurements, and biochemical assays were applied to reveal molecular mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats ( n = 6) were used as controls. Transgenic rats had higher circulating renin activity and lower cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme two levels. Systolic BP was elevated in mRen2 rats (235.11 ± 5.32 vs. 127.03 ± 7.56 mmHg in SD, P < 0.05), resulting in increased left ventricular (LV) weight/body weight ratio (4.05 ± 0.09 vs. 2.77 ± 0.08 mg/g in SD, P < 0.05). Transgenic renin expression had no effect on the systolic parameters, such as LV ejection fraction, cardiomyocyte Ca2+-activated force, and Ca2+ sensitivity of force production. In contrast, diastolic dysfunction was observed in mRen2 compared with SD rats: early and late LV diastolic filling ratio (E/A) was lower (1.14 ± 0.04 vs. 1.87 ± 0.08, P < 0.05), LV isovolumetric relaxation time was longer (43.85 ± 0.89 vs. 28.55 ± 1.33 ms, P < 0.05), cardiomyocyte passive tension was higher (1.74 ± 0.06 vs. 1.28 ± 0.18 kN/m2, P < 0.05), and lung weight/body weight ratio was increased (6.47 ± 0.24 vs. 5.78 ± 0.19 mg/g, P < 0.05), as was left atrial weight/body weight ratio (0.21 ± 0.03 vs. 0.14 ± 0.03 mg/g, P < 0.05). Hyperphosphorylation of titin at Ser-12742 within the PEVK domain and a twofold overexpression of protein kinase C-α in mRen2 rats were detected. Our data suggest a link between the activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and increased titin-based stiffness through phosphorylation of titin's PEVK element, contributing to diastolic dysfunction. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/diastolic-dysfunction-in-the-hypertensive-mren2-rat/ .

scholarly journals Creatine Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Damage by Inhibiting Liver Fibrosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cellular Senescence

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Nouf Aljobaily ◽  
Michael J. Viereckl ◽  
David S. Hydock ◽  
Hend Aljobaily ◽  
Tsung-Yen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Chromosomal Stability

Background: Treatment with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) may lead to toxicities that affect non-cancer cells including the liver. Supplementing the diet with creatine (Cr) has been suggested as a potential intervention to minimize DOX-induced side effects, but its effect in alleviating DOX-induced hepatoxicity is currently unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of Cr supplementation on DOX-induced liver damage. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet supplemented with 2% Cr for four weeks, 4% Cr for one week followed by 2% Cr for three more weeks, or control diet for four weeks. Animals then received either a bolus i.p. injection of DOX (15 mg/kg) or saline as a placebo. Animals were then sacrificed five days-post injection and markers of hepatoxicity were analyzed using the liver-to-body weight ratio, aspartate transaminase (AST)-to- alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipemia, and T-Bilirubin. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Picro-Sirius Red staining, and immunofluorescence staining for CD45, 8-OHdG, and β-galactosidase were performed to evaluate liver morphology, fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence, respectively. The mRNA levels for biomarkers of liver fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence-related genes were measured in liver tissues. Chromosomal stability was evaluated using global DNA methylation ELISA. Results: The ALT/AST ratio and liver to body weight ratio tended to increase in the DOX group, and Cr supplementation tended to attenuate this increase. Furthermore, elevated levels of liver fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence were observed with DOX treatment, and Cr supplementation prior to DOX treatment ameliorated this hepatoxicity. Moreover, DOX treatment resulted in chromosomal instability (i.e., altered DNA methylation profile), and Cr supplementation showed a tendency to restore chromosomal stability with DOX treatment. Conclusion: The data suggest that Cr protected against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence.

Exercise and clenbuterol as strategies to decrease the progression of muscular dystrophy in mdx mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Dupont-Versteegden
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Tetanic Tension

The effects of exercise and the combination of exercise and clenbuterol on progression of muscular dystrophy were studied in mdx mice. At 3 wk of age, mdx mice were randomly assigned to sedentary (MS), exercise (ME), or combined exercise and clenbuterol (MEC) groups. Clenbuterol was given in the drinking water (1.0-1.5 mg . kg body weight-1 . day-1), and exercise consisted of spontaneous running activity on exercise wheels. At 3 mo or 1 yr of age, ventilatory function, contractile properties, and morphological characteristics of the soleus (Sol) and diaphragm (Dia) muscles were measured. The mdx mice receiving clenbuterol ran less than the mice without clenbuterol. The combination of clenbuterol and exercise was associated with an increase in Sol muscle weight and a muscle weight-to-body weight ratio of 30-35% compared with the sedentary group and approximately 20% compared to exercise alone. Myosin and total protein concentrations of the Sol and Dia increased in the MEC group at 1 yr of age only. Normalized active tension was increased in the Dia at 1 yr of age in both the ME and MEC groups by approximately 30%. Absolute tetanic tension of the Sol was increased at both 3 mo and 1 yr of age in the MEC compared with the MS group. At 1 yr of age, there was an additional 23% increase compared with the ME group. Fatigability increased in the MEC group by approximately 25% in the Sol and Dia muscles at both ages compared with the MS and ME groups. Results indicate that exercise and exercise plus clenbuterol decrease the progression of muscular dystrophy. However, different mechanisms may be involved because the combination of clenbuterol and exercise resulted in increased fatigability and the development of deformities, whereas exercise alone did not. Therefore, clenbuterol may not be suitable for use in patients with muscular dystrophy.

A study on the safety evaluation of buphrenorphine administered through an autoinjector compared with manual injection using haematological and biochemical variables in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sheela ◽  
R Vijayaraghavan ◽  
S Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manual Group ◽  
Significant Change

Buprenorphine drug cartridge was made for autoinjector device for use in emergency and critical situations to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Water-filled cartridges were prepared and buprenorphine was injected aseptically in the cartridge, to make 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. Rats were injected intraperitoneally, buprenorphine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), repeatedly with the autoinjector and compared with manual injection (7 days and 14 days) using various haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant change was observed in the body weight, organ to body weight ratio and haematological variables in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Except serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase, no significant change was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The autoinjectors deliver the drugs with spray effect and force for faster absorption. In the present study, the autoinjector meant for intramuscular injection was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the drug was delivered with force on the vital organs. No significant difference was observed in the autoinjector group compared to the manual group showing tolerability and safety of the buphrenorphine autoinjector. This study shows that buprenorphine autoinjector can be considered for further research work.

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