Endurance training and glucose conversion into triglycerides in human fat cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Savard ◽  
J. P. Despres ◽  
M. Marcotte ◽  
C. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Cell Glucose

To study the influence of endurance training on glucose conversion into fat cell triglycerides, 24 (13 women, 11 men) inactive subjects (25.0 +/- 3.8 yr of age) took part in a 20-wk ergocycle training program 4 days and increasing to 5 days/wk, 40–45 min/day, starting at 60% and increasing to 85% of the heart rate reserve. Several body fatness indicators were measured before and after the training program: seven skinfold thicknesses, percent fat, and mean fat cell weight. Fat cell basal and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose conversion into triglycerides were also determined using [14C]glucose. Body fatness indicators decreased significantly after training only in male subjects (P less than 0.05). Basal and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose conversion into triglycerides increased significantly with training (P less than 0.05): pretest values (nanomoles glucose per hour per 10(6) cells) being 24.9 +/- 2.1 and 28.7 +/- 2.5, while post-test values were 30.1 +/- 3.2 and 33.0 +/- 3.4 for basal and insulin-stimulated values, respectively. However, this lipogenic increase was only observed in male subjects (P less than 0.01). Changes in body fatness indicators induced by training were negatively correlated with changes induced in fat cell glucose conversion into triglycerides (-0.24 less than or equal to r less than or equal to -0.45). These results demonstrate that endurance training increases fat cell glucose conversion into triglycerides and suggest that adipose tissue metabolism is part of the adaptive response to training. Moreover, it appears that adipose tissue response to aerobic training is more efficient in males than in females.

Endurance training and GH administration in elderly women: effects on abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. E886-E897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange ◽  
Jeanne Lorentsen ◽  
Fredrik Isaksson ◽  
Anders Juul ◽  
Michael Højby Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue

In the present study, the effect of endurance training alone and endurance training combined with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) administration on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis was investigated. Sixteen healthy women [age 75 ± 2 yr (mean ± SE)] underwent a 12-wk endurance training program on a cycle ergometer. rhGH was administered in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design in addition to the training program. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis was estimated by means of microdialysis combined with measurements of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF; 133Xe washout). Whole body fat oxidation was estimated simultaneously by indirect calorimetry. Before and after completion of the training program, measurements were performed both at rest and during 60 min of continuous cycling at a workload corresponding to 60% of pretraining peak oxygen uptake. Endurance training alone did not affect subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis either at rest or during exercise, as reflected by identical levels of interstitial adipose tissue glycerol, subcutaneous abdominal ATBF, and plasma nonesterified fatty acids before and after completion of the training program. Similarly, no effect on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis was observed when combining endurance training with rhGH administration. However, in both the placebo and the GH groups, fat oxidation was significantly increased during exercise performed at the same absolute workload after completion of the training program. We conclude that the changed lipid metabolism during exercise observed after endurance training alone or after endurance training combined with rhGH administration is not due to alterations in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue metabolism in elderly women.

scholarly journals Running velocity at the ventilatory threshold and at VO2max, before and after the eight-week cardiovascular endurance training

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Stanimir Stojiljkovic ◽  
Sanja Mazic ◽  
Dejan Nesic ◽  
Sasko Velkovski ◽  
Dusan Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Test Velocity ◽  
Male Subjects

Introduction The purpose of this research was to compare changes in running velocity at ventilatory threshold with the veliocity at VO2max, before and after the eight-week exercise program. Material and methods 32 male subjects (age: 22.3? 2.5 years, height: 179.8? 7.6 cm, body mass: 76.8? 9.0 kg) performed a progressive test for ventilatory threshold (VT) measurement and VO2max on treadmill. After 8 weeks of endurance training (3 times per week, 30 to 70 min, in different zones in respect to the ventilatory threshold) the performed the same test. Results Running velocity at ventilatory threshold increased significantly (p=0.000I), between initial and final measurements (10.88?2.09, 12.94? 1.90 km/h, respectively): as well as at VO2max H4.63?1.86, 16.44?1.59 km/h, respectively). At the initial test, velocity at ventilatory threshold was 74.11% of VO2max. At the final test, velocity at ventilatory threshold was 78.43% of VO2max. Running velocity at ventilatory threshold has significantly increased at final test (p=0.001). Discussion Running velocity at ventilatory threshold has significantly increased after eight weeks of endurance training (p -0.001), when expressed in absolute values and percentage of velocity at vo2max. Conclusion Comparison between the initial and final test demonstrated a significant increase of observed variables, under experimental conditions: at final test running velocity has increased at ventilatory threshold, in respect to absolute values and expressed as percentage at VO2max. .

scholarly journals The Effects of the TPACK-P Educational Program on Teachers’ TPACK: Programming as a Technological Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Seong Won Kim ◽  
Youngjun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
Experimental Group

Background/Objectives: This study examined the effects of introducing programming as a technological tool for teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) development.Methods/Statistical Analysis: Thirty-two teachers were divided into two groups, completing different types of TPACK educational programs. The control group’s TPACK training program was based on information and communication technology (ICT), while that of the experimental group was based on programming. To verify the effectiveness of the TPACK training program, tests were administered before and after the educational program. A statistical analysis of questionnaire results also investigated changes resulting from TPACK.Findings: Both the control and experimental groups showed statistically significant improvements in the post-test compared with the pre-test. However, in the detailed areas of TPACK by group, the improvements in the two groups differed. Unlike the control group, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in the knowledge related to technology. This result illustrated that programming is effective in solving the problem of integrating technology into the classroom. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the post-test, as this was applied in the short term. However, programming has been shown to affect Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and TPACK. In summary, the results showed that a TPACK educational program based on programming is effective for teachers’ TPACK development. Keywords: TPACK, In-service teacher, Programming, TPACK-P, Educational program

scholarly journals PELATIHAN KEBERSYUKURAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EMOSI POSITIF

Jurnal ABDI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Johan Satria ◽  
Ratih Arruum Listiyandini ◽  
Rina Rahmatika ◽  
Melok Roro Kinanthi
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Full Day

Training of gratitude is expected to grow these factors. Being grateful can lead to positive emotions that may create acceptance the conditions of self and positive social relationships. This training program was conducted for a full day, including induction and release of negative emotions, lesson about gratitude, mutual influence, contemplation, and pouring a sense of gratitude in writing. Training is given to 37 students of class X at SMKN 31 Jakarta. Pre and post test was conducted before and after training, using VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and PANAS (Positive affect-negative affect schedule). The effect of the training was analyzed by counting the change of mean from pre to post test score for each scale. The result showed that there are an increased of positive emotion score means after the training, from 6.92 to 7.41 for VAS and from 3.53 to 3.81 for PANAS score. Then it may concluded that the gratitude training program improve the positive emotion of the students.

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN LATIHAN CORE STABILITY PADA PROGRAM PELATIHAN ATLET DAYUNG UNTUK PENINGKATAN KECEPATAN MENDAYUNG

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyno Aryo Christanto ◽  
N. Adiputra ◽  
S. Indra Lesmana ◽  
Dw P. Sutjana ◽  
Made Muliarta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Generally, core stability exercise as a training program is needed in almost kind of sport including paddle, analysis of movement in any kind of paddle sport such as kayak, canoe, or even rowing have been showed that the activity of core stability muscles are really needed. Purpose: purpose of this research is to know the effectivity of core stability exercise replenishment to increase sculling speed in paddle training program. Methods: This research is experimental with treatment by subject design project, involving 15 paddle athletes which divided into two groups and consists of II periods which are, Period I and Period II. In the 1st period, the athletes were given extra core stability exercise along with their normal paddling routine mean while in the 2nd period, the athletes only doing their normal paddling routine. Each period do the trial in 6 weeks, so this reseach took 12 weeks. In 1st period, the subjects were given extra core stability training 3 times a week along with their normal paddling routine where as subjects in period II only do their normal paddling routine. Results: The used of parametric paired t test is to know the difference of sculling speed before and after the trials were given. To period I pre test value is 3.80 ± 0.26 meters/second while the post test value is 4.06 ± 0.41 meters/second and the value 0.001 (p<0.05)mean while the 2nd period use Wilcoxon signed rank test to know the difference of sculling speed between before and after the trial were given resulting pre test value 3.80 ± 0.22 meters/second and post test value 3.91 ± 0.27 meters/second while the p value is 0.004 (p<0.05). After 12 weeks of sculling speed test between both period using Wilcoxon signed rank test and resulting obvions with period I value 0.26 ± 0.20 meters/second and period II value is 0.11 ± 0.12 meters/second along with p value 0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, based on the result of my research test, we can concluded that the addition of core stability exercise in paddle training program is more effective to increase sculling speed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Training of School Physicians on Their Knowledge Regarding Surveillance in Alexandria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessrin El-Nimr ◽  
Iman Wahdan
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Total Knowledge Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Post Test

Background: Surveillance is important in schools. We assessed the effect of a training program on the knowledge of school physicians regarding surveillance. Methods: Seventy school physicians were included. Assessment of their baseline surveillance knowledge was done (pretest). An intervention program was prepared. Assessment of the training program was done using the same data collection tool (post test). Results: Significant difference in the mean knowledge score before and after the intervention was detected. In a multiple linear regression model, the total knowledge score before the intervention and the age of the physician were the only two factors found to be significantly affecting the school physicians' knowledge score after the intervention. Conclusion: Training of school physicians on disease surveillance has an effect on their level of knowledge regarding surveillance.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue Inflammation is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Elena Espinosa De Ycaza ◽  
Esben Søndergaard ◽  
Maria Morgan-Bathke ◽  
Kelli Lytle ◽  
Danae A. Delivanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Before And After

The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation on AT function in humans is unclear. We tested whether AT macrophage (ATM) content, cytokine gene expression and senescent cell burden (markers of AT inflammation) predict AT insulin resistance measured as the insulin concentration that suppresses lipolysis by 50% (IC<sub>50</sub>). We studied 86 volunteers with normal weight or obesity at baseline, and a subgroup of 25 volunteers with obesity before and after weight loss. There was a strong, positive relationship between IC<sub>50 </sub>and abdominal subcutaneous and femoral fat cell size (FCS). The positive, univariate relationships between IC<sub>50 </sub>and abdominal AT inflammatory markers: CD68, CD14, CD206 ATM/100 adipocytes, senescent cells, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA were not significant after adjustment for FCS. A 10% weight loss significantly reduced IC<sub>50</sub>, however, there was no reduction in adipose ATM content, senescent cells or cytokine gene expression. Our study suggests that commonly used markers of AT inflammation are not causally linked to AT insulin resistance, whereas FCS is a strong predictor of AT insulin resistance with respect to lipolysis.

scholarly journals Effect of Workload on the Auditory Evoked Brainstem Response

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirby Gilliland ◽  
Clark Shingledecker ◽  
Glenn Wilson ◽  
Karen Peio
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of workload level of a grammatical reasoning task on the auditory brainstem evoked response. Ten male subjects were administered three difficulty levels of a grammatical reasoning task. Brainstem evoked responses were recorded before and after the randomly presented workload conditions, as well as during each workload condition. The results revealed a consistent increase in Wave VI latency during all workload conditions, but no apparent differentiation between workload conditions. Post-test brainstem measures revealed that latency of Wave VI did not recover to pre-test baseline levels.

Site-specific adipose tissue LPL responses to endurance training in female lean Zucker rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Savard ◽  
M. R. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Littermate Control ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase

The effects of endurance exercise training on adipose tissue have been investigated in female lean Zucker rats. Adult trained rats (TR) were followed throughout a swimming program of 5 wk and were compared with a littermate control sedentary group (SED). Data were collected on days 0, 14, 24, and 36 of the training program. Body weight gain and cumulative food intake were significantly lower in TR than in SED (P less than 0.05). Gastrocnemius citrate synthase activity was increased in TR by day 14 of training (P less than 0.05) and was followed by a second significant increase between days 24 and 36 (P less than 0.05). Although inguinal (ING), parametrial (PAR), and retroperitoneal (RP) cell sizes were decreased by the swimming program (P less than 0.05), adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was suppressed (P less than 0.05) by training during the first 24 days in PAR and RP depots only. Thereafter, PAR and RP LPL activities increased in TR animals (P less than 0.05) to reach values similar to SED at the end of the study. These results further establish the regionally specific response of adipose tissue metabolism to endurance training. They also suggest that, when fat cell triacylglycerol depletion reaches a smaller level, LPL activity could be involved in the process of stabilizing fat cell size.

Level of physical fitness and adipocyte lipolysis in humans

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Despres ◽  
C. Bouchard ◽  
R. Savard ◽  
A. Tremblay ◽  
M. Marcotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Isolated Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

The present experiment was conducted to study the influence of exercise training on adipose tissue lipolytic activity and to identify the amount of training required to induce maximal adaptation in humans. Fifty-one male subjects were divided into three groups according to their training regimen: 1) sedentary subjects (SS) (n = 21); 2) trained subjects (TS) (n = 15) who had exercised during a period of 20 wk, 5 days/wk, 45 min/session; and 3) experienced marathon runners (MR) (n = 15) who ran an average of 120 km/wk for many years. Biopsies of fat were performed in the suprailiac region after an overnight fast. Adipocyte diameter (AD) and epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis ( ESL ) were assessed on collagenase-isolated fat cells. A lower AD was noted in the MR group compared with the two other groups. Basal lipolysis (BL) and ESL were significantly higher in TS and MR than in controls. Moreover, BL values were comparable in the two trained groups, whereas ESL in the TS group was higher than in the MR group. These results indicate that training increases suprailiac fat cell lipolysis, which seems to adapt maximally within about 4 mo.

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