Use of NMR for measurement of total body water and estimation of body fat

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 836-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Lewis ◽  
W. L. Rollwitz ◽  
H. A. Bertrand ◽  
E. J. Masoro

A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method is described for quantitatively measuring total body water (TBW) and for estimating the fat content of baboons. The hydrogen associated with water was measured as the amplitude of the free-induction decay voltage following a series of 90 degree radio frequency pulses at the Lamour frequency for hydrogen with a pulse length of 14 microseconds and a peak measuring time of 50 microseconds. TBW was calculated by multiplying the peak amplitude (volts) by the experimentally determined constant for a water standard (g water/V). This NMR method yielded TBW contents similar to those obtained in the same baboons by direct gravimetric procedures. In contrast, the widely used 3H2O-dilution method usually and variably overestimated body water. By providing an accurate measure of body water, this NMR procedure provides a rapid, noninvasive, reasonably accurate way of estimating body fat content.

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Garrow ◽  
Susan Stalley ◽  
R. Diethelm ◽  
Ph. Pittet ◽  
R. Hesp ◽  
...  

1. A new apparatus is described with which it is possible to measure the volume (and hence density) of obese patients without requiring them to immerse totally in water. Replicate measurements of subjects with 6, 23 and 38 kg body fat had a standard deviation not greater than 0.3 kg fat.2. In nineteen obese women body fat was measured by density, total body water, and total body potassium at the beginning, and again at the end, of a period of 3–4 weeks on a reducing diet, during which they lost 5.43 (SD 1.83) kg in weight. The composition of weight loss was also estimated both by energy balance and nitrogen balance during the interval between the two measurements of body composition.3. The estimates of fat content of the nineteen women at the start of the balance period were 45.63 (SD 14.50)kg by density, 48.07 (SD 13.88) kg by K and 47.09 (SD 13.85) kg by water. The correlation coefficient between the density and K estimate was 0–949, and for the density and water estimate it was 0.971.4. It is concluded that measurement of density by the new method provides a convenient method for estimating body fatness, and change in fat content, which compares favourably with estimates based on total body water or total body K. However, these methods cannot be used to provide an accurate estimate of the composition of a small weight loss in an individual since deviations up to 4 kg fat occur between fat loss based on change in density and those based on the more reliable (but more tedious) energy balance method.


1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Little ◽  
R. W. McLean

SUMMARYFollowing the measurement of tritiated water (TOH) spaces, 31 cattle were slaughtered and chemically analysed in this study. They included several breeds, both females and castrate males, and were of varied nutritional history. Their body-fat content ranged from 4 to 21% of fasted live weight.Total body water (including the water in the gut contents) was reliably estimated from TOH space, measured after allowing an overnight 16 h waterless fast for TOH equilibration. Following this regime, residual D.M. in the gut contents amounted to 1·75% of fasted live weight. The relationships of body fat to body weight, and body fat to body water when both were expressed as percentages of body weight, were too variable to be used in any predictive fashion. Equations were derived, using fasted live weight, allowing the accurate estimation in vivo of the quantities of the chemical components in the whole body (i.e. total body minus D.M. in gut contents).It was demonstrated that the sum of total body water and total body fat constituted virtually 80% of total body tissues, and that total body protein closely approximated 80% of the fat-free dry matter, in cattle varying widely in body condition. These relationships constitute the physiological basis of the equations presented.Comparable principles appear to apply to sheep, and a range of other mammalian species.


Rangifer ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje S. Larsen ◽  
Arnoldus Schytte Blix

<p>Total body water and water turnover were measured at different times throughout the year in 3 captive Norwegian reindeer, using a tritiated water dilution method (Holleman et al. 1982). Total body water (percent of body weight) increased during late autumn and winter, from 59.1 &plusmn; 1.5 % in October to 72.5 &plusmn; 2.0 % in April. Using the equatation by Pace and Rathbun (1945) for predicting total body fat (% fat = 100 - % water/0.732), this increase in total body water indicates a concomitant reduction in body fat, from a maximum value of 18.9 &plusmn; 2.6 % (of body weight) in October to a minimum of 0.9 &plusmn; 2.7 % in April. During summer, on the other hand, fat content increased at the expense of a reduced percentage of body water. Water turnover was low in winter (December - April), ranging between 30.8 &plusmn; 5.2and43.6 &plusmn; 13.5ml.d-'. kg-1, but increased nearly fourfold during summer (June-August) with a maximum of 117.7 &plusmn; 5.9 ml.d-1. kg-1 in August. Positive correlations between water turnover and food intake and between water turnover and ambient temperature were found, the latter probably resulting from an incidental correlation between food intake and ambient temperature.</p><p>Sesongmessige forandringer i totalt kroppsvann, kropps-sammensetning og vannomsetning hos reinsdyr.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Totalt kroppsvann og vannomsetning av vann ble m&aring;lt til forskjellige &aring;rstider i 3 norske reinsdyr ved hjelp av utvasking av tritiert vann (Holleman et al. 1982). Totalt kroppsvann (prosent av kroppsvekt) &oslash;kte utover h&oslash;sten og vinteren, fra 59.1 &plusmn; 1.5 % i oktober til 72.5 &plusmn; 2.0 % i april. Ved hjelp av en ligning som er gitt av Pace og Rathbun (1945) for beregning av totalt kroppsfett (% fett = 100 - % vann/0.732), fant en at denne &oslash;kningen i vanninnhold tilsvarte en samtidig reduksjon i fettinnhold, fra en maksimums-verdi p&aring; 18.9 &plusmn; 2.6 % av kroppsvekt i oktober til et minimum p&aring; 0.9 &plusmn; 2.7 % i april. Utover sommeren &oslash;kte derimot innholdet av fett p&aring; bekostning av vanninnholdet. Omsetningen av vann var lav vinterstid (desember - april), varierende mellom 30.8 &plusmn; 5.2 og 43.6 &plusmn; 13.5 ml.d-1.kg-1, men &oslash;kte nesten fire ganger i l&oslash;pet av sommeren (juni - august) til et maksimum p&aring; 117.7 &plusmn; 5.9 ml.d-1.kg-1 i august. Det ble funnet positive korrelasjoner mellom vannomsetning og forinntak og mellom vannomsetning og omgivelsestemperatur. Sistnevnte korrelasjon kan muligens skyldes en tilfeldig sammenheng mellom forinntak og omgivelsestemperatur.</p><p>Vuodenaikaiset muutokset poron ruumiin kokonaisvesim&aring;&aring;r&aring;ss&aring;, ruumiin koostumuksessa ja vesiaineenvaihdunnassa.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Ruumiin kokonaisvesima&aring;r&aring;&aring; ja vesiaineenvaihduntaa mitattiin eri vuodenaikoina 3 norjalaisella porolla k&aring;ytt&aring;m&aring;ll&aring; apuna tritioitua vetta (Holleman et al. 1982). Ruumiin kokonaisvesim&aring;ar&aring; (prosenttia ruumiinpainosta) lis&aring;antyi syksyll&aring; ja talvella lokakuun 59.1&plusmn;1.5%:sta 72.5&plusmn;2.0%:i huhtikuussa. K&aring;ytt&aring;m&aring;ll&aring; Pacen ja Rathbunin (1945) ruumiin kokonaisrasvapitoisuude laskukaavaa (rasva % = 100 - vesi %/0.732) huomattiin tam&aring;n vesim&aring;&aring;r&aring;n lisa&aring;ntymis johtuvan samanaikaisesta rasvapitoisuuden v&aring;henemisesta. Rasvapitoisuus laski lokakuun maksimiarvosta 18.9&plusmn;2.6% ruumiinpainosta huhtikuun minimiarvoon, joka oli 0.9&plusmn;2.7% ruumiinpainosta. Kes&aring;ll&aring; rasvapitoisuus lis&aring;antyi puolestaan vesipitoisuuden kustannuksella. Talvella j&aring;k&aring;l&aring;ravinnolla (joulu-huhtikuussa) veden kaytto vaihteli v&aring;lilla 30.8&plusmn;5.2 ja 43.6&plusmn;13.5 ml vrk-1kg-1 mutta se kohosi melkein nelinkertaisesti kesalla (kes&aring;-elokuussa) maksimiarvoonsa 117.7+5.9 ml vrk-1 kg-1 elokuussa. Veden k&aring;yton ja ravinnon oton seka veden k&aring;yton jaymp&aring;riston lampotilan v&aring;lilla oli positiivinen korrelaatio. Viimeksi mainittu korrelaatio voi johtua v&aring;liaikaisesta riippuvuudesta ravinnonoton ja ymp&aring;riston l&aring;mpotilan v&aring;lill&aring;.</p>


Diabetes ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
S. Del Prato ◽  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
G. Gulli ◽  
A. Solini ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Brett S. Nickerson ◽  
Samantha V. Narvaez ◽  
Mitzy I. Juarez ◽  
Stefan A. Czerwinski

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Forsum ◽  
Eva Flinke Carlsson ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Marie Löf

Childhood overweight and obesity, a worldwide problem, is generally identified using BMI (body mass index). However, this application of BMI has been little investigated in children below 5 years of age due to a lack of appropriate methods to assess body composition. Therefore, we used air displacement plethysmography (ADP) to study 4.4-year old boys and girls since this method is accurate in young children if they accept the requirements of the measurement. The purpose was to analyze the relationship between BMI and body fat in these children. Body composition was assessed in 76 (43 boys, 33 girls) of the 84 children brought to the measurement session. Boys and girls contained25.2±4.7and26.8±4.0% body fat, respectively. BMI-based cut-offs for overweight could not effectively identify children with a high body fat content. There was a significant (P<0.001) but weak (r=0.39) correlation between BMI and body fat (%). In conclusion, requirements associated with a successful assessment of body composition by means of ADP were accepted by most 4-year-olds. Furthermore, BMI-based cut-offs for overweight did not effectively identify children with a high body fatness and BMI explained only a small proportion of the variation in body fat (%) in this age group.


1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Donnelly

The oxygen consumption and spontaneous activity of A2G ( hr/+), A2G ( hr/hr) and NMRI mice in groups of 2, 3, or 5 were measured, and body fat content was also determined. Average rates of oxygen consumption were found to be lowest in the A2G ( hr/+) and highest in the A2G ( hr/hr) mice, and conversely for the proportion of total body fat. There was no difference in activity of A2G ( hr/+) and A2G ( hr/hr), but the NMRI mice were more active.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Rozália Kasza ◽  
Tamás Donkó ◽  
Zsolt Matics ◽  
István Nagy ◽  
Ádám Csóka ◽  
...  

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of divergently selected rabbits for total body fat content (fat index) on growth performance and carcass traits. The fat index was determined at 10 weeks of age by computed tomography and lasted for four consecutive generations. The rabbits with the lowest fat index belonged to the lean line and those of the highest values belonged to the fat line. At generation four, 60 rabbits/line were housed in wire-mesh cages and fed with commercial pellet ad libitum from weaning (5 w of age) to slaughtering (11 w of age). Growth performance, dressing out percentage and carcass adiposity were measured. The lean line showed a better feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) than the fat line. Furthermore, the carcass of the lean rabbits had the highest proportion of fore (p < 0.020) and hind (p < 0.006) parts. On the contrary, rabbits of the fat line had the highest carcass adiposity (p < 0.001). The divergent selection for total body fat content showed to be effective for both lean and fat lines. Selection for lower total body fat content could be useful for terminal male lines, while the selection for higher total body fat content could be an advantage for rabbit does in providing fat (energy) reserves.


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