Enhanced maximal metabolic vasodilatation in the dominant forearms of tennis players

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Sinoway ◽  
T. I. Musch ◽  
J. R. Minotti ◽  
R. Zelis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Metabolic Vasodilation ◽  
Adaptation To Exercise

In an effort to evaluate potential peripheral adaptations to training, maximal metabolic vasodilation was studied in the dominant and nondominant forearms of six tennis players and six control subjects. Maximal metabolic vasodilation was defined as the peak forearm blood flow measured after release of arterial occlusion, the reactive hyperemic blood flow (RHBF). Two ischemic stimuli were employed in each subject: 5 min of arterial occlusion (RHBF5) and 5 min of arterial occlusion coupled with 1 min of ischemic exercise (RHBF5ex). RHBF and resting forearm blood flows were measured using venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography (ml X min-1 X 100 ml-1). Resting forearm blood flows were similar in both arms of both groups. RHBF5ex was similar in both arms of our control group (dominant, 40.8 +/- 1.2 vs. nondominant, 40.9 +/- 2.1). However, RHBF5ex was 42% higher in the dominant than in the nondominant forearms of our tennis player population (dominant, 48.7 +/- 4.0 vs. nondominant, 34.4 +/- 3.4; P less than 0.05). This intraindividual difference in peak forearm blood flows was not secondary to improved systemic conditioning since the maximal O2 consumptions in the two study groups were similar (controls, 45.4 +/- 3.9 vs. tennis players, 46.1 +/- 1.7). These findings suggest a primary peripheral cardiovascular adaptation to exercise training in the dominant forearms of the tennis players resulting in a greater maximal vasodilatation.

Exercise blood flow changes in the human forearm during physical training

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D. Rohter ◽  
Rene H. Rochelle ◽  
Chester Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
Rhythmic Exercise ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Forearm blood flow measurements were made with a venous occlusion plethysmograph on six competitive swimmers and six control subjects at rest and during a prescribed rhythmic exercise throughout a 13-week training and detraining program. The swimmers‗ mean exercise forearm blood flow increased progressively during the training program, reaching a maximum at the peak of training toward the end of the 5th week, after which it decreased to near posttraining levels during the period of detraining. The increase in the swimmer's exercise flow between the 1st week of training (4.02 ± 0.59 ml/100 ml min) and the 5th week of training (6.40 ± 0.56 ml/100 ml min) was statistically significant; their decrease in mean exercise blood flow during the 3rd week of detraining (4.70 ± 0.24 ml/100 ml min) was also statistically significant. There was no significant change in the swimmers' resting blood flow; nor were there significant changes in either the exercise or the resting blood flows of the control group. The technique for measuring blood flow in the forearm during rhythmic exercise is explained. Submitted on December 11, 1962

Forearm Vasoreactivity in Type I Diabetic Subjects

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Allen ◽  
Michael Welsch ◽  
Nikki Aucoin ◽  
Robert Wood ◽  
Matt Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Blood Flows

This study compared forearm vasoreactivity in 15 Type 1 diabetic subjects with 15 healthy controls. The groups were matched for age, exercise capacity, and the absence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Vasoreactivity was measured using strain gauge plethysmography, at rest, after arterial occlusion (OCC), and following OCC coupled with handgrip exercise (ROCC). Forearm blood flows were significantly elevated between conditions 2.58 ± 0.37 ml/100mltissue at rest to 26.80 ± 6.56 after OCC and 32.80 ± 8.26ml/100mltissue following ROCC in Type 1 diabetic subjects. There were no differences in forearm blood flow between groups for any of the conditions. These data indicate the degree of forearm blood flow is directly related to the intensity of the vasodilatory stimulus. However, our study did not reveal evidence of impaired vasodilatory capacity in Type 1 diabetic subjects compared to controls in the absence of other risk factors. Key words: IDDM, vascular function, exercise, fitness, and reactive hyperemia

Forearm vasoconstriction in response to noradrenaline and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine in essential hypertension

1999 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. KNEALE ◽  
Philip J. CHOWIENCZYK ◽  
Sally E. BRETT ◽  
JohnR. COCKCROFT ◽  
James M. RITTER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
And Control

A role for abnormal NO production in essential hypertension remains controversial. Blunted vasoconstriction of forearm resistance vasculature in response to NG-monomethyl-⌊-arginine (⌊-NMMA; an inhibitor of NO biosynthesis), relative to the response to noradrenaline, has been reported in hypertensive patients and interpreted as evidence of reduced basal NO biosynthesis. We sought to determine whether reduced sensitivity of forearm vasculature to the vasoconstrictor action of l-NMMA relative to that of noradrenaline is a consistent finding in essential hypertension. We studied a group of patients (n = 32; blood pressure 176±4/102±2 mmHg; means±S.E.M.) and a group of healthy normotensive controls (n = 32; blood pressure 130±2/75±1 mmHg). Noradrenaline (60–240 pmol·min-1) and ⌊-NMMA (1–4 μmol·min-1) were infused into the brachial artery, and forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. The effects of each vasoconstrictor were similar in hypertensive and control subjects. The highest dose of l-NMMA reduced forearm blood flow by 0.75±0.12 ml·min-1·dl-1 in the control group and by 0.89±0.10 ml·min-1·dl-1 in the hypertensive group. The study had 90% power (with P = 0.05) to detect a 10% difference in forearm blood flow response between the hypertensive and control groups. We conclude that reduced sensitivity of forearm resistance vasculature to the vasoconstrictor action of l-NMMA is not a universal feature of essential hypertension. This argues against a primary role for reduced basal NO biosynthesis in skeletal muscle resistance vessels in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.

scholarly journals Relative contribution of vasodilator prostanoids, NO, and KATP channels to human forearm metabolic vasodilation

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. H2405-H2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Omar Farouque ◽  
Ian T. Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Katp Channels ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Channel Blockade ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Channel Inhibition ◽  
Human Forearm ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Metabolic Vasodilation

Isolated ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) channel inhibition with glibenclamide does not alter exercise-induced forearm metabolic vasodilation. Whether forearm metabolic vasodilation would be influenced by KATP channel inhibition in the setting of impaired nitric oxide (NO)- and prostanoid-mediated vasodilation is unknown. Thirty-seven healthy subjects were recruited. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography, and functional hyperemic blood flow (FHBF) was induced by isotonic wrist exercise. Infusion of N G-monomethyl-l-arginine(l-NMMA), aspirin, or the combination reduced resting FBF compared with vehicle ( P < 0.05). Addition of glibenclamide to l-NMMA, aspirin, or the combination did not further reduce resting FBF. l-NMMA decreased peak FHBF by 26%, and volume was restored after 5 min ( P < 0.05). Aspirin reduced peak FHBF by 13%, and volume repaid after 5 min ( P < 0.05). Coinfusion of l-NMMA and aspirin reduced peak FHBF by 21% ( P < 0.01), and volume was restored after 5 min ( P < 0.05). Addition of glibenclamide to l-NMMA and aspirin did not further decrease FHBF. Vascular KATP channel blockade with glibenclamide does not affect resting FBF or FHBF in the setting of NO and vasodilator prostanoid inhibition.

Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille C. P. Van Beekvelt ◽  
Willy N. J. M. Colier ◽  
Ron A. Wevers ◽  
Baziel G. M. Van Engelen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Isometric Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

The aim of this study was to investigate local muscle O2consumption (muscV˙o 2) and forearm blood flow (FBF) in resting and exercising muscle by use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and to compare the results with the global muscV˙o 2 and FBF derived from the well-established Fick method and plethysmography. muscV˙o 2 was derived from 1) NIRS using venous occlusion, 2) NIRS using arterial occlusion, and 3) the Fick method [muscV˙o 2 (Fick)]. FBF was derived from 1) NIRS and 2) strain-gauge plethysmography. Twenty-six healthy subjects were tested at rest and during sustained isometric handgrip exercise. Local variations were investigated with two independent and simultaneously operating NIRS systems at two different muscles and two measurement depths. muscV˙o 2 increased more than fivefold in the active flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, and it increased 1.6 times in the brachioradialis muscle. The average increase in muscV˙o 2 (Fick) was twofold. FBF increased 1.4 times independent of the muscle or the method. It is concluded that NIRS is an appropriate tool to provide information about local muscV˙o 2 and local FBF because both place and depth of the NIRS measurements reveal local differences that are not detectable by the more established, but also more global, Fick method.

Blood Flow through the Calf during Recovery from Fractures of the Lower Limb

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Imms ◽  
D. A. Lorde ◽  
S. P. Prestidge ◽  
Christine Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Maximal Flow ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Flow Through

1. Venous occlusion plethysmography has been used to measure the blood flow in the calves of nineteen patients with fractures of the lower limb and in six normal control subjects. 2. The resting blood flows were significantly higher in the injured legs than in uninjured legs, irrespective of the site of injury. Flows in the uninjured limbs were similar to those of the control subjects. 3. During reactive hyperaemia after 10 min arterial occlusion, the increase of flows in both legs of the patients was significantly lower than in the control subjects. Because of the increased resting flow, the maximal flow in the injured leg was similar to that in the control subjects, whereas the maximal flow in the uninjured leg was significantly lower than in the control group. 4. The changes in resting flow cannot be accounted for by a change in the proportions of tissues in the limb but they may be explained by an increase of the flow through muscle secondary to a relative increase in the mass of slow to fast muscle fibres.

Peak calf blood flow estimates are higher with Dohn than with Whitney plethysmograph

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1418-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Proctor ◽  
J. R. Halliwill ◽  
P. H. Shen ◽  
N. E. Vlahakis ◽  
M. J. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Calf Blood Flow ◽  
Absolute Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated

Estimates of calf blood flow with venous occlusion plethysmography vary widely between studies, perhaps due to the use of different plethysmographs. Consequently, we compared calf blood flow estimates at rest and during reactive hyperemia in eight healthy subjects (four men and four women) with two commonly used plethysmographs: the mercury-in-silastic (Whitney) strain gauge and Dohn air-filled cuff. To minimize technical variability, flow estimates were compared with a Whitney gauge and a Dohn cuff on opposite calves before and after 10 min of bilateral femoral arterial occlusion. To account for any differences between limbs, a second trial was conducted in which the plethysmographs were switched. Resting flows did not differ between the plethysmographs (P = 0.096), but a trend toward lower values with the Whitney was apparent. Peak flows averaged 37% lower with the Whitney (27.8 +/- 2.8 ml.dl-1.min-1) than with the Dohn plethysmograph (44.4 +/- 2.8 ml.dl-1.min-1; P < 0.05). Peak flow expressed as a multiple above baseline was also lower with the Whitney (10-fold) than with the Dohn plethysmograph (14.5-fold; P = 0.02). Across all flows at rest and during reactive hyperemia, estimates were highly correlated between the plethysmographs in all subjects (r2 = 0.96-0.99). However, the mean slope for the Whitney-Dohn relationship was only 60 +/- 2%, indicating that over a wide range of flows the Whitney gauge estimate was 40% lower than that for the Dohn cuff. These results demonstrate that the same qualitative results can be obtained with either plethysmograph but that absolute flow values will generally be lower with Whitney gauges.

Maximal vascular leg conductance in trained and untrained men

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Snell ◽  
W. H. Martin ◽  
J. C. Buckey ◽  
C. G. Blomqvist
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Lower leg blood flow and vascular conductance were studied and related to maximal oxygen uptake in 15 sedentary men (28.5 +/- 1.2 yr, mean +/- SE) and 11 endurance-trained men (30.5 +/- 2.0 yr). Blood flows were obtained at rest and during reactive hyperemia produced by ischemic exercise to fatigue. Vascular conductance was computed from blood flow measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, and mean arterial blood pressure was determined by auscultation of the brachial artery. Resting blood flow and mean arterial pressure were similar in both groups (combined mean, 3.0 ml X min-1 X 100 ml-1 and 88.2 mmHg). After ischemic exercise, blood flows were 29- and 19-fold higher (P less than 0.001) than rest in trained (83.3 +/- 3.8 ml X min-1 X 100 ml-1) and sedentary subjects (61.5 +/- 2.3 ml X min-1 X 100 ml-1), respectively. Blood pressure and heart rate were only slightly elevated in both groups. Maximal vascular conductance was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in the trained compared with the sedentary subjects. The correlation coefficients for maximal oxygen uptake vs. vascular conductance were 0.81 (trained) and 0.45 (sedentary). These data suggest that physical training increases the capacity for vasodilation in active limbs and also enables the trained individual to utilize a larger fraction of maximal vascular conductance than the sedentary subject.

Noninvasive measurement of forearm blood flow and oxygen consumption by near-infrared spectroscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1388-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. De Blasi ◽  
M. Ferrari ◽  
A. Natali ◽  
G. Conti ◽  
A. Mega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
The Subject

We applied near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the simultaneous measurement of forearm blood flow (FBF) and oxygen consumption (VO2) in the human by inducing a 50-mmHg venous occlusion. Eleven healthy subjects were studied both at rest and after hand exercise during vascular occlusion. FBF was also measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. FBF measured by NIRS was 1.9 +/- 0.8 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 at rest and 8.2 +/- 2.9 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 after hand exercise. These values showed a correlation (r = 0.94) with those obtained by the plethysmography. VO2 values were 4.6 +/- 1.3 microM O2 x 100 ml-1.min-1 at rest and 24.9 +/- 11.2 microM O2 x 100 ml-1.min-1 after hand exercise. The scatter of the FBF and VO2 values showed a good correlation between the two variables (r = 0.93). The results demonstrate that NIRS provides the particular advantage of obtaining the contemporary evaluation of blood flow and VO2, allowing correlation of these two variables by a single maneuver without discomfort for the subject.

Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for the Study of Vascular Reactivity in the Fingertip

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ley ◽  
C. Deshpande ◽  
B. Prapamcham ◽  
M. Naghavi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Tissue Temperature

Vascular reactivity (VR) denotes changes in volumetric blood flow in response to arterial occlusion. Current techniques to study VR rely on monitoring blood flow parameters and serve to predict the risk of future cardiovascular complications. Because tissue temperature is directly impacted by blood flow, a simplified thermal model was developed to study the alterations in fingertip temperature during arterial occlusion and subsequent reperfusion (hyperemia). This work shows that fingertip temperature variation during VR test can be used as a cost-effective alternative to blood perfusion monitoring. The model developed introduces a function to approximate the temporal alterations in blood volume during VR tests. Parametric studies are performed to analyze the effects of blood perfusion alterations, as well as any environmental contribution to fingertip temperature. Experiments were performed on eight healthy volunteers to study the thermal effect of 3min of arterial occlusion and subsequent reperfusion (hyperemia). Fingertip temperature and heat flux were measured at the occluded and control fingers, and the finger blood perfusion was determined using venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP). The model was able to phenomenologically reproduce the experimental measurements. Significant variability was observed in the starting fingertip temperature and heat flux measurements among subjects. Difficulty in achieving thermal equilibration was observed, which indicates the important effect of initial temperature and thermal trend (i.e., vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and oscillations).

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