Effects of hypercapnia on brain pHi and phosphate metabolite regulation by 31P-NMR

The ability of brain cells to regulate intracellular pH (pHi) and several phosphate metabolites was evaluated during 1 h of hypercapnia (inspiratory CO2 fraction of 0.10 and 0.05) in anesthetized rats by 31P high-field (145.6 MHz) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Body temperature was maintained at 37 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Fully relaxed spectra were obtained for controls and 30–50 min after CO2 loading and CO2 withdrawal. Spectra were taken serially every 2.5 min after gas mixtures were changed. Brain pHi decreased 0.10 +/- 0.02 units [7.06 +/- 0.01 (SE)] to 6.96 +/- 0.01 (P less than 0.001) after 30–50 min of 10% CO2 breathing, and arterial pH decreased 0.24 +/- 0.01 units. Brain pHi decreased by 0.045 +/- 0.01 units (7.05 +/- 0.01 to 7.01 +/- 0.01, P less than 0.05) during 5% CO2 breathing. Brain pHi returned to control values after 30–50 min of CO2 washout in both groups. In three of six animals breathing 10% CO2, there was an undershoot in brain pHi by 0.07–0.09 units between 2.5 and 20 min of hypercapnia. Three animals exhibited an overshoot in pHi by 0.06–0.11 units between 7.5 and 17.5 min during CO2 washout. Phosphocreatine-to-Pi and Pi-to-beta-ATP ratios changed during hypercapnia and returned to base line after withdrawal of CO2. The findings of a smaller brain pHi change than arterial pH change and undershoots and overshoots in pHi support the view that pHi regulation involves active processes such as transmembrane ion transport.

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Effects of hypothermia on rat brain pHi and phosphate metabolite regulation by 31P-NMR

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1989.67.6.2527 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 2527-2534 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. C. Johnson ◽

M. Nishimura ◽

P. Okunieff ◽

H. Kazemi ◽

B. Hitzig

Keyword(s):

31P Nmr ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Base Line ◽

Phosphate Metabolism ◽

Acid Base ◽

Arterial Ph ◽

Brain Ph ◽

Co2 Washout ◽

Two Temperatures ◽

The Brain

The effects of arterial alphastat regulation on brain intracellular pH (pHi) and several phosphate metabolites were assessed in anesthetized rats during hypothermia (28.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C) and normothermia (36.2 +/- 0.2 degrees C) by using 31P high-field (8.5 T) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). There were significant differences in pHi and metabolite ratios at the two temperatures under conditions of equal minute ventilation. During hypothermia, the brain pHi was 0.09 U higher, the phosphocreatine-to-inorganic phosphate (PCR/Pi) ratio 49% larger, and Pi-to-ATP 20% lower than at normothermia. These changes were fully reversible on warming the animal. The change in brain pHi/temperature was -0.011U/degrees C (95% confidence interval -0.007 to -0.016). The brain's ability to regulate its pHi and phosphate metabolism during hypercapnic acid-base stress was studied by using 10% CO2 ventilation. Hypothermic rats showed a larger fall in brain pHi (0.145 +/- 0.01 U, 7.15-7.01) with 10% CO2 than normothermic rats (0.10 +/- 0.02 U, 7.06-6.96). Similarly ventilated rats had a larger fall in arterial pH with 10% CO2 at hypothermia (0.36 +/- 0.04 U) than normothermia (0.24 +/- 0.01 U), so the delta brain pH/delta arterial pH was the same at both temperatures. The brain PCr-to-Pi ratio decreased approximately 20% during 10% CO2 breathing in both hypothermic and normothermic animals. Brain pHi and metabolite ratios returned to base line 30-50 min after CO2 washout in both groups. In summary, lowering body temperature while maintaining constant ventilation leads to changes in brain pHi and metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Intracellular pH in lizards after hypercapnia

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.4.r889 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 268 (4) ◽

pp. R889-R895

Author(s):

G. K. Snyder ◽

J. R. Nestler ◽

J. I. Shapiro ◽

J. Huntley

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Ion Transport ◽

Intracellular Ph ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Lizard Species ◽

Dipsosaurus Dorsalis ◽

Active Processes ◽

Phi Regulation

We used the transmembrane distribution of 5,5-[2-14C]dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione ([14C]DMO) and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to investigate the effects of hypercapnia on intracellular pH (pHi) in brain and skeletal muscle of two lizard species: Anolis equestris and Dipsosaurus dorsalis. In control animals (normocapnic), plasma PCO2 (3.3 +/- 0.1 kPa) and plasma pH (7.52 +/- 0.01) for D. dorsalis were not significantly different from the values for A. equestris (2.8 +/- 0.2 kPa and 7.59 +/- 0.02, respectively). Furthermore 60 min of 5% CO2 increased plasma PCO2 and decreased plasma pH by the same amounts in both species. Brain pHi values determined with the DMO method were not significantly different from values determined with NMR. Control values of brain pHi (DMO, 7.16 +/- 0.01; NMR, 7.11 +/- 0.02) and muscle pHi were significantly higher for D. dorsalis (DMO, 7.15 +/- 0.03) than for A. equestris (DMO, 6.99 +/- 0.03; NMR, 7.02 +/- 0.02 for brain; DMO, 6.97 +/- 0.03 for muscle). In addition, changes in tissue pHi after 60 min of 5% CO2 were significantly different for the two species. In D. dorsalis muscle and brain pHi decreased significantly after hypercapnia, whereas in A. equestris muscle pHi decreased significantly but brain pHi was unchanged. Our findings were independent of the methods used to determine pHi. The smaller change in brain and muscle pHi than in plasma pH for A. equestris is consistent with the view that pHi regulation involves active processes such as transmembrane ion transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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