Acid-base changes in the running greyhound: contributing variables

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 2297-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Pieschl ◽  
P. W. Toll ◽  
D. E. Leith ◽  
L. J. Peterson ◽  
M. R. Fedde
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Analysis

To determine the factors responsible for changes in [H+] during and after sprint exercise in the racing greyhound, Stewart's quantitative acid-base analysis was applied to arterial blood plasma samples taken at rest, at 8-s intervals during exercise, and at various intervals up to 30 min after a 402-m spring (approximately 30 s) on the track. [Na+], [K+], [Cl-], [total Ca], [lactate], [albumin], [Pi], PCO2, and pH were measured, and the [H+] was calculated from Stewart's equations. This short sprint caused all measured variables to change significantly. Maximal changes were strong ion difference decreased from 36.7 meq/l at rest to 16.1 meq/l; [albumin] increased from 3.1 g/dl at rest to 3.7 g/dl; PCO2, after decreasing from 39.6 Torr at rest to 27.9 Torr immediately prerace, increased during exercise to 42.8 Torr and then again decreased to near 20 Torr during most of recovery; and [H+] rose from 36.6 neq/l at rest to a peak of 76.6 neq/l. The [H+] calculated using Stewart's analysis was not significantly different from that directly measured. In addition to the increase in lactate and the change in PCO2, changes in [albumin], [Na+], and [Cl-] also influenced [H+] during and after sprint exercise in the running greyhound.

Acute mild hypothermia in awake unrestrained rats induces a mixed acid-base disorder

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 2143-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Alfaro ◽  
L. Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Mild Hypothermia ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Ionic Exchange ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Disorder

The interactions between components that contribute to acid-base homeostasis were studied in the first steps of acute hypothermia [body temperature (Tb) 37-31 degrees C] in awake unrestrained rats as an experimental model of accidental hypothermia in mammals. The concurrent changes in blood gases, plasma ions, and plasma protein concentrations in arterial blood were analyzed. Acute decreases in Tb decreased PCO2 and increased pH. The ratio of Na+ concentration to Cl- concentration increased at 35-33 degrees C Tb, leading to an increase in the plasma strong ion difference ([SID]). These increases were transient, and levels returned to baseline at lower Tb (31 degrees C). Lack of change in hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma osmolality, or plasma protein concentration indicated stability in plasma volume. Therefore, [SID] changes were related to ionic shifts with respect to the extravascular space and not to ionic depletion. A feasible role in this ionic exchange for contracting skeletal muscle during shivering thermogenesis is given. Significant decrease in HCO3- concentration at lower Tb (31 degrees C) was related to an apparent increase in relative ventilation (lung ventilation per unit of CO2 removed). It is concluded that, during the first stages of body cooling, the blood acid-base status of conscious hypothermic rats is affected by PCO2 changes, apparently because of uncoupled changes between ventilation and metabolism, but it is also affected by a transitory metabolic disorder due to ion imbalance.

scholarly journals Hypoproteinemia, strong-ion difference, and acid-base status in critically ill patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1740-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was a prospective, nonrandomized, observational examination of the relationship among hypoproteinemia and electrolyte and acid-base status in a critical care population of patients. A total of 219 arterial blood samples reviewed from 91 patients was analyzed for arterial blood gas, electrolytes, lactate, and total protein. Plasma strong-ion difference ([SID]) was calculated from [Na+] + [K+] − [Cl−] − [La−]. Total protein concentration was used to derive the total concentration of weak acid ([A]tot). [A]tot encompassed a range of 18.7 to 9.0 meq/l, whereas [SID] varied from 48.1 to 26.6 meq/l and was directly correlated with [A]tot. The decline in [SID] was primarily attributable to an increase in [Cl−]. A direct correlation was also noted between[Formula: see text] and [SID], but not between [Formula: see text] and [A]tot. The decrease in [SID] and [Formula: see text] was such that neither [H+] nor [[Formula: see text]] changed significantly with [A]tot.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Lyophilized Heparin Syringes for the Collection of Arterial Blood for Acid Base Analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Crockett ◽  
E. McIntyre ◽  
R. Ruffin ◽  
J. H. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base ◽  
Glass Syringe ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Base Analysis ◽  
Acid Base Status

The effects of liquid heparin on the analysis of acid/base status of arterial blood include a reduction in Pco2 and an increase in Po2. A study was performed to compare a lyophilised heparin syringe with a liquid heparin glass syringe for collection of blood for acid/base analysis. No significant difference between the variables measured in blood taken in the two syringes was demonstrated.

Extreme Derangements of Acid-Base Balance in Exercise: Advantages and Limitations of the Stewart Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Roger Fedde ◽  
Richard L. Pieschl Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Base Analysis ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Weak Electrolytes

The acid-base analysis method described by Stewart (1981) was applied to the greyhound, an animal that undergoes large changes in intra- and extracellular hydrogen ion concentrations during a race. Increases in plasma [H+] especially during the first 15 min of recovery, induced by increases in lactate concentration in the plasma, were reduced by lowering of PCO2 (hyperventilation) and removal of Cl− from the plasma. [H+] calculated by the Stewart method is similar to that measured directly with a pH electrode when the strong ion difference is within 10 meq/L of resting values (≈ 40 meqIL); thus the measured independent variables were sufficient to account for the [H+] using the Stewart analysis. When the strong ion difference became lower than 30 meq/L, increased variability between measured and calculated [H+] occurred. An error analysis demonstrated the importance of minimizing measurement error of all independent variables, including as many strong and weak electrolytes as possible in the analyses, using the most accurate dissociation constants possible, and understanding the dissociation behavior of the weak electrolytes, especially the plasma proteins, when using the Stewart analysis. The Stewart method of analyzing acid-base balance can contribute to improved training methods for obtaining maximum exercise performance. Key words: racing greyhound, sprint exercise, strong ion difference, weak electrolytes

Blood gas and acid-base analysis of arterial blood in 57 newborn calves

2007 ◽  
Vol 161 (20) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Bleul ◽  
B. Lejeune ◽  
S. Schwantag ◽  
W. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Analysis ◽  
Newborn Calves

Acid-base analysis during experimental anemia in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pesquero ◽  
V Alfaro ◽  
L Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Base Excess ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Base Analysis ◽  
Acid Base Status

The present study evaluated the acid-base status of anemic rats by using two approaches of acid-base analysis: one based on the base excess (BE) calculation and the other based on Stewart's physicochemical analysis. Two sets of experimental data, derived from two different methods of inducing anemia, were used: repetitive doses of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) and bleeding (BL). A significant uncompensated respiratory alkalosis was found in both groups of anemic rats. BE increased slightly, whereas strong ion difference ([SID]) and weak acid buffers ([ATOT]) remained unchanged in anemic rats. The reasons for the absence of compensation for hypocapnia and the differences in the behaviour of acid-base variables are discussed. BE increase was considered paradoxical; its calculation was affected by the experimental conditions and BE had little physiological relevance during anemia. The absence of metabolic renal compensation in anemic rats could be due to a lower pH in the kidney due to anemic hypoxia. Finally, the changes in buffer strength related to low Hb and low Pc02 might influence plasma [SID] through counteracted shifts of strong ions between erythrocytes and plasma, finally resulting in unchanged [SID] during anemia.Key words: anemia, phenylhydrazine, bleeding, base excess, strong ion difference, non-carbonic buffers.

Total weak acid concentration and effective dissociation constant of nonvolatile buffers in human plasma

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1364-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Constable
Keyword(s):  
Dissociation Constant ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Horse Plasma ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Species Specific

The strong ion approach provides a quantitative physicochemical method for describing the mechanism for an acid-base disturbance. The approach requires species-specific values for the total concentration of plasma nonvolatile buffers (Atot) and the effective dissociation constant for plasma nonvolatile buffers ( K a), but these values have not been determined for human plasma. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to calculate accurate Atot and K a values using data obtained from in vitro strong ion titration and CO2tonometry. The calculated values for Atot (24.1 mmol/l) and K a (1.05 × 10−7) were significantly ( P < 0.05) different from the experimentally determined values for horse plasma and differed from the empirically assumed values for human plasma (Atot = 19.0 meq/l and K a = 3.0 × 10−7). The derivatives of pH with respect to the three independent variables [strong ion difference (SID), Pco 2, and Atot] of the strong ion approach were calculated as follows: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]where S is solubility of CO2 in plasma. The derivatives provide a useful method for calculating the effect of independent changes in SID+, Pco 2, and Atot on plasma pH. The calculated values for Atot and K a should facilitate application of the strong ion approach to acid-base disturbances in humans.

scholarly journals Alterations in lipid profile upon uterine fibroids and its recurrence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narine M. Tonoyan ◽  
Vitaliy V. Chagovets ◽  
Natalia L. Starodubtseva ◽  
Alisa O. Tokareva ◽  
Konstantin Chingin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Models ◽  
First Time

AbstractUterine fibroids (UF) is the most common (about 70% cases) type of gynecological disease, with the recurrence rate varying from 11 to 40%. Because UF has no distinct symptomatology and is often asymptomatic, the specific and sensitive diagnosis of UF as well as the assessment for the probability of UF recurrence pose considerable challenge. The aim of this study was to characterize alterations in the lipid profile of tissues associated with the first-time diagnosed UF and recurrent uterine fibroids (RUF) and to explore the potential of mass spectrometry (MS) lipidomics analysis of blood plasma samples for the sensitive and specific determination of UF and RUF with low invasiveness of analysis. MS analysis of lipid levels in the myometrium tissues, fibroids tissues and blood plasma samples was carried out on 66 patients, including 35 patients with first-time diagnosed UF and 31 patients with RUF. The control group consisted of 15 patients who underwent surgical treatment for the intrauterine septum. Fibroids and myometrium tissue samples were analyzed using direct MS approach. Blood plasma samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography hyphened with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). MS data were processed by discriminant analysis with projection into latent structures (OPLS-DA). Significant differences were found between the first-time UF, RUF and control group in the levels of lipids involved in the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, lipids with an ether bond, triglycerides and fatty acids. Significant differences between the control group and the groups with UF and RUF were found in the blood plasma levels of cholesterol esters, triacylglycerols, (lyso) phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins. Significant differences between the UF and RUF groups were found in the blood plasma levels of cholesterol esters, phosphotidylcholines, sphingomyelins and triacylglycerols. Diagnostic models based on the selected differential lipids using logistic regression showed sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 86% for the diagnosis of first-time UF and 95% and 79% for RUF, accordingly. This study confirms the involvement of lipids in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids. A diagnostically significant panel of differential lipid species has been identified for the diagnosis of UF and RUF by low-invasive blood plasma analysis. The developed diagnostic models demonstrated high potential for clinical use and further research in this direction.

Cerebral acid-base and gas metabolism in brain injury

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zupping
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Gas Metabolism ◽  
Permanent Brain Damage

✓ Acid-base and gas parameters of CSF, jugular venous and arterial blood were measured in 45 patients with brain injury in the first 12 days after trauma or operation. CSF metabolic acidosis together with respiratory alkalosis and hypoxemia in the cerebral venous and arterial blood were the most characteristic findings. A close correlation between the severity of brain damage and the intensity of the CSF metabolic acidosis and arterial hypocapnia was revealed. It was concluded that brain hypoxia and acidosis play an important role in the development of cerebral edema and permanent brain damage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document