scholarly journals Effect of sodium in a rehydration beverage when consumed as a fluid or meal

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Ray ◽  
Mark W. Bryan ◽  
Timothy M. Ruden ◽  
Shawn M. Baier ◽  
Rick L. Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the impact of fluid composition on rehydration effectiveness, 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) were studied during 2 h of rehydration after a 2.5% body weight loss. In a randomized crossover design, subjects rehydrated with water (H2O), chicken broth (CB: 109.5 mmol/l Na, 25.3 mmol/l K), a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (CE: 16.0 mmol/l Na, 3.3 mmol/l K), and chicken noodle soup (Soup: 333.8 mmol/l Na, 13.7 mmol/l K). Subjects ingested 175 ml at the start of rehydration and 20 min later; H2O was given every 20 min thereafter for a total volume equal to body weight loss during dehydration. At the end of the rehydration period, plasma volume was not significantly different from predehydration values in the CB (−1.6 ± 1.1%) and Soup (−1.4 ± 0.9%) trials. In contrast, plasma volume remained significantly ( P < 0.01) below predehydration values in the H2O (−5.6 ± 1.1%) and CE (−4.2 ± 1.0%) trials after the rehydration period. Urine volume was greater in the CE (310 ± 30 ml) than in the CB (188 ± 20 ml) trial. Urine osmolality was higher in the CB and Soup trials than in the CE trial. Urinary sodium concentration was higher in the Soup and CB trials than in the CE and H2O trials. These results provide evidence that the inclusion of sodium in rehydration beverages, as well as consumption of a sodium-containing liquid meal, increases fluid retention and improves plasma volume restoration.

Maintenance of Plasma Volume and Serum Sodium Concentration Despite Body Weight Loss in Ironman Triathletes

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Hew-Butler ◽  
Malcolm Collins ◽  
Andrew Bosch ◽  
Karen Sharwood ◽  
Gary Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Serum Sodium Concentration

scholarly journals Urine specific gravity as a diagnostic tool for dehydration in children

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalis Joko Purwanto ◽  
Mohammad Juffrie ◽  
Djauhar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Urine Production

Background Using clinical judgment to diagnose dehydration can be highly subjective. To diagnose dehydration, it would be ideal to have an accurate, inexpensive, objective and easy-to-perform diagnostic tool. In cases of dehydration, plasma osmolality rises, causing an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. The increased ADH reduces urine production and increases urine osmolality. Previous studies have show that urine osmolality correlates well to urine specific gravity. We investigated if urine specific gravity can be a reliable and objective detennination of dehydration status.Objective To assess the accuracy of using urine specific gravity as a diagnostic tool to determine dehydration status of children with diarrhea.Methods We conducted the study in the pediatric ward of Sardjito Hospital from September 2009 to December 2009. Using a refractometer we measured urine specific gravity from patients with diarrhea. This measurement was then compared to a standard of acute body weight loss, with dehydration defined as weight loss of 5% or more. The cut-off value for defining dehydration using specific gravity measurements was detennined by a receiver-operator curve (ROC).Results Out of 61 pediatric patients who were recruited in this study, 18 (30%) had dehydration as defined by a body weight loss of 5% or more. Based on the ROC, we determined the cut off  value for urine specific gravity to be 1.022. Using this value, urine specific gravity was 72% sensitive (95% CI 52 to 93), and 84% specific (95% CI 73 to 95) in determining dehydration status.Conclusion Urine specific gravity is less accurate than clinical judgment in determining dehydration status in children with diarrhea.

scholarly journals Influence of Hemofiltration on Intradialytic Plasma Volume Decrease

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Masayuki  Tanemoto ◽  
Takeshi  Tomita ◽  
Yosuke  Motoharu ◽  
Masahiro  Urata ◽  
Yukio  Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Intradialytic Hypotension ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Maintenance Dialysis ◽  
Volume Decrease

Background/Aims: Compared with hemodialysis (HD), hemodiafiltration (HDF) reduces the frequency of episodes of intradialytic hypotension. Intradialytic plasma volume decrease (IPVD) induced by ultrafiltration is a leading cause of the episodes, and hemofiltration might have a preventive effect on IPVD. This study examined whether online HDF (ol-HDF) prevented IPVD compared with HD. Methods: Online HDF of pre-dilution mode (pre-ol-HDF) and post-dilution mode (post-ol-HDF) and HD were performed in 22 patients on maintenance dialysis. In each session, IPVD was calculated by using an intradialytic change in hematocrit, and IPVD in pre-ol-HDF and post-ol-HDF was compared with that in HD in a crossover manner. Results: While the ratios of intradialytic body weight loss to post-dialysis BW (IBWL/BW) in ol-HDF were generally smaller than those in HD, the levels of IPVD and IPVD/IBWL/BW were generally larger than those in HD; the IPVD levels were 0.108 ± 0.058, 0.113 ± 0.053, and 0.101 ± 0.057 (P = 0.67), and those of IPVD/IWL/BW were 2.21 ± 0.97, 2.32 ± 0.91, and 1.98 ± 1.14 (P = 0.21) in pre-ol-HDF, post-ol-HDF, and HD, respectively. Conclusion: Online mode hemofiltration, in either pre-dilution mode or post-dilution mode, performed in combination with hemodialysis has no preventive effect on IPVD.

Diet and body weight loss in the rat during calorie restriction

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Peter B. Karch ◽  
John R. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

With adult male rats, experiments were carried out to ascertain the different effects, if any, of isocaloric diets high in carbohydrate, fat, or protein fed in restricted amounts of 9 g per rat per day on body weight loss and composition. It was observed that the nature of the diet did not alter rate, amount, or composition of body weight loss when fed in restricted amount for a period of 12 days. Further, the nature of the diet did not alter significantly the following parameters during restriction: water intake, urine volume, resting metabolic rate, spontaneous activity, urine and feces calorie values. In an experiment with hypothalamic-obese rats, the body weight loss and composition were not significantly different among the dietary-restricted groups. An important observation in this experiment was that as body fat decreased markedly owing to restricted feeding, body water increased markedly and counterbalanced approximately 60% of the potential weight loss due to the decrease in body fat. Our reported observations do not support the hypothesis that the composition of the diet may determine the rate and amount of body weight loss as a consequence of restricted food intake. They do support the hypothesis that the calorie intake, not the nature of the source of calories, determines the rate and amount of weight loss, at least for relatively short periods of food restriction.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of 5 Fluorouracil on Skeletal Muscle Resident and Infiltrating Immune Cells in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon VanderVeen ◽  
Alexander T. Sougiannis ◽  
Kandy T. Velazquez ◽  
James A. Carson ◽  
Daping Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: 5 fluorouracil (5FU) has been a first-choice chemotherapy drug for several cancer types (e.g. colon, breast, head & neck); however, its efficacy is diminished by patient acquired resistance and pervasive side effects. Leukopenia is a hallmark of 5FU; however, the impact of 5FU-induced leukopenia on healthy tissue is only becoming unearthed. Recently, skeletal muscle has been shown to be impacted by 5FU in clinical and preclinical setting and weakness and fatigue remain among the most consistent complaints in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Monocytes, or more specifically macrophages, are the predominate immune cell in skeletal muscle which regulate turnover and homeostasis through both the removal of damaged or old materials and coordinate repair and remodeling. Whether 5FU-induced leukopenia extends beyond circulation toimpact resident and infiltrating skeletal muscle immune cells had not been examined. The purpose of the study was to examine the acute effects of 5FU on resident and infiltrating skeletal muscle monocytes and inflammatory mediators. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were given a physiologically translatable dose (35mg/kg) of 5FU, or PBS, i.p. once daily for 5 days to recapitulate 1 dosing cycle. Results: Our results demonstrate that 5FU reduced circulating leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes while inducing significant body weight loss (>5%). Flow cytometry analysis of the skeletal muscle indicated a reduction in total CD45+ immune cells with a corresponding decrease in total CD45+CD11b+ monocytes. There was a strong relationship between circulating leukocytes and skeletal muscle CD45+ immune cells. Skeletal muscle Ly6cHigh activated monocytes and M1-like macrophageswere reduced with 5FU treatment while total M2-like CD206+CD11c-macrophageswere not changed with 5FU. Interestingly, 5FU reduced bone marrow CD45+ immune cells and CD45+CD11b+ monocytes.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that 5FU induced body weight loss and decreased skeletal muscle CD45+ immune cells in associated with a reduction in infiltrating Ly6cHigh monocytes. Interestingly, the loss of skeletal muscle immune cells occurred with bone marrow cell cycle arrest.Together our results highlight that skeletal muscle is sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of 5FU which disrupts both circulating and skeletal muscle immune cells.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Undernutrition and Effect of Body Weight Loss on Survival among Pediatric Cancer Patients in Northeastern Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Orsolya Kadenczki ◽  
Attila Csaba Nagy ◽  
Csongor Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Solid Tumor ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Patients ◽  
The Impact

Undernutrition is a prevalent condition in pediatric malignancy patients leading to unfavorable outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the nutritional status and rate of undernutrition in 174 Hungarian pediatric patients with malignancies and the impact on 5-year survival based on anthropometric measurements. At the time of diagnosis, 5.0%, 4.6%, and 4.0% of patients were undernourished as determined by body weight (BW), weight-for-height (WFH), and body mass index (BMI) Z-score, respectively. The rate of undernutrition was 30.5% using ideal body weight percent (IBW%). Undernutrition at the time of diagnosis worsened the five-year overall survival only in solid tumor patients as defined by BMI Z-score and IBW%. Furthermore, 26.5% of patients became undernourished based on IBW% during the treatment period. Deterioration of nutritional status during treatment unfavorably influenced overall survival in both hematological and solid tumor subsets. Abnormal BW, WFH, and BMI Z-score were associated with poor prognosis in the hematologic group. The mortality risk was higher among hematologic patients with weight loss exceeding 20%. In conclusion, IBW% seems to be the most sensitive parameter to estimate undernutrition. Furthermore, BMI Z-score in both groups and severe weight loss in the hematological group may influence clinical outcome and play a role in prognosis assessment.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of 5 Fluorouracil on Skeletal Muscle Resident and Infiltrating Immune Cells in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon N. VanderVeen ◽  
Alexander T. Sougiannis ◽  
Kandy T. Velazquez ◽  
James A. Carson ◽  
Daping Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The Impact

5 fluorouracil (5FU) has been a first-choice chemotherapy drug for several cancer types (e.g., colon, breast, head, and neck); however, its efficacy is diminished by patient acquired resistance and pervasive side effects. Leukopenia is a hallmark of 5FU; however, the impact of 5FU-induced leukopenia on healthy tissue is only becoming unearthed. Recently, skeletal muscle has been shown to be impacted by 5FU in clinical and preclinical settings and weakness and fatigue remain among the most consistent complaints in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Monocytes, or more specifically macrophages, are the predominate immune cell in skeletal muscle which regulate turnover and homeostasis through removal of damaged or old materials as well as coordinate skeletal muscle repair and remodeling. Whether 5FU-induced leukopenia extends beyond circulation to impact resident and infiltrating skeletal muscle immune cells has not been examined. The purpose of the study was to examine the acute effects of 5FU on resident and infiltrating skeletal muscle monocytes and inflammatory mediators. Male C57BL/6 mice were given a physiologically translatable dose (35 mg/kg) of 5FU, or PBS, i.p. once daily for 5 days to recapitulate 1 dosing cycle. Our results demonstrate that 5FU reduced circulating leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes while inducing significant body weight loss (&gt;5%). Flow cytometry analysis of the skeletal muscle indicated a reduction in total CD45+ immune cells with a corresponding decrease in total CD45+CD11b+ monocytes. There was a strong relationship between circulating leukocytes and skeletal muscle CD45+ immune cells. Skeletal muscle Ly6cHigh activated monocytes and M1-like macrophages were reduced with 5FU treatment while total M2-like CD206+CD11c- macrophages were unchanged. Interestingly, 5FU reduced bone marrow CD45+ immune cells and CD45+CD11b+ monocytes. Our results demonstrate that 5FU induced body weight loss and decreased skeletal muscle CD45+ immune cells in association with a reduction in infiltrating Ly6cHigh monocytes. Interestingly, the loss of skeletal muscle immune cells occurred with bone marrow cell cycle arrest. Together our results highlight that skeletal muscle is sensitive to 5FU’s off-target effects which disrupts both circulating and skeletal muscle immune cells.

scholarly journals Nonmuscle Tissues Contribution to Cancer Cachexia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep M. Argilés ◽  
Britta Stemmler ◽  
Francisco J. López-Soriano ◽  
Silvia Busquets
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact

Cachexia is a syndrome associated with cancer, characterized by body weight loss, muscle and adipose tissue wasting, and inflammation, being often associated with anorexia. In spite of the fact that muscle tissue represents more than 40% of body weight and seems to be the main tissue involved in the wasting that occurs during cachexia, recent developments suggest that tissues/organs such as adipose (both brown and white), brain, liver, gut, and heart are directly involved in the cachectic process and may be responsible for muscle wasting. This suggests that cachexia is indeed a multiorgan syndrome. Bearing all this in mind, the aim of the present review is to examine the impact of nonmuscle tissues in cancer cachexia.

scholarly journals P1080INCREASE OF POST DIALYSIS HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION IS MORE APPROPRIATELY EXPLAINED BY PLASMA VOLUME CHANGE THAN INTRADIALYTIC WEIGH LOST

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Babalj Banskolieva ◽  
Risto Grozdanovski ◽  
Katerina Spaseska Gjurovska ◽  
Marko Ilievski ◽  
Biljana Filipovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Clinical Instability ◽  
Plasma Volume Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background and Aims It is well known that haemoglobin significantly increases after haemodialysis and it is associated with the rate of weight loss during dialysis. However, it has been shown that the increase in haemoglobin is not always proportional to the rate of body weight loss during haemodialysis (ultrafiltration). The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between haemoglobin changes, body weight loss and plasma volume changes during haemodialysis Method A prospective study was performed on 92 patients in mid-week treatments. Pre-dialysis and post-dialysis haemoglobin and weight were measured. 27 patients were excluded because clinical instability, no change or a decrease in Hb and low pre-dialysis haemoglobin (&lt; 9 g/dL). The correlation was statistically significant between %ΔPV and ΔHb in both groups (R2=0.59), whereas the correlation between %ΔBW and ΔHb was lower (R2=0.19). So, analysis show that only 19% of the variability in haemoglobin is explained by %ΔBW, and that 59% of the variability in haemoglobin is explained by %ΔPV. Results The mean age was 61.16 ± 13.11 year. The men were 52 (56%). The mean pre-dialysis Hb was 11.31 ± 1.16 g/dL, the mean post-dialysis Hb level was 12.53 ± 1.47 g/dL. The mean absolute change of haemoglobin (ΔHb g/dL) and percent of change of haemoglobin (%ΔHb) were 1.22 ± 0.76 and 9.44 ± 5.31, respectively. Average percent of weight change (%ΔBW) was - 2.44 ± 1.01. Percent of plasma volume change was - 9.22 ± 5.46. The patients were divided in two groups according post-dialysis haemoglobin level: Group A with haemoglobin Hb &lt; 13 g/dL (64 patients) and group B with Hb ≥13 g/dL (28 patients). The mean time average haemoglobin concentration (TAC Hb) in all patients was 11.68 ± 1.11 g/dL.(Predicted Hb TAC was calculated according Krisper′s formula) In both groups there was an increase in %ΔHb, but in the group with post dialysis Hb ≥ 13 g/dL, %ΔHb was greater than in group B with post dialysis Hb &lt; 13 g/dL (13.08 ± 5.11 versus 7.87± 4.61, P = 0.000) despite the relatively small difference of %ΔBW between the two groups (- 2.85 ± 0.95 versus - 2.23 ± 1.02; P = 0.010). However, the difference in %ΔPV between the two groups was significant (- 12.90 ± 5.63 versus - 7.61 ± 4.57; P &lt; 0.000). Conclusion The intradialytic changes in haemoglobin levels are predominantly determined by changes in plasma volume. Changes in body weight are of little predictive value in evaluation of variation of haemoglobin levels. TAC Hb determination should be performed in patients with large variations in plasma volume, because the plasma volume has very little effect on TAC Hb.

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